This article analyzes the use of the Schema.org vocabulary as a semantic SEO tool in 33 digital news media outlets from Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The main objective is to identify the most commonly used classes, assess the quality of semantic markup, and propose best practices for its implementation. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis based on 160,000 web pages and automated crawling tools, the study finds a widespread but uneven use of Schema.org. Spanish media stand out for their semantic richness and diversity, while U.S. outlets show a more limited implementation. The results reveal a correlation between the strategic use of structured data and greater search engine visibility, although significant markup errors are also detected. The study concludes that a careful and diversified implementation of Schema.org can significantly enhance the digital presence of media organizations, especially in highly competitive news environments.
The competencies required to assess artificial intelligence literacy (AIL) in higher education were identified, with a specific focus on the field of Library and Information Science (LIS). To this end, a literature review was conducted using the Scopus database, analyzing competencies and instruments published between 2020 and 2024. In a second phase, these competencies were validated through consultations with LIS experts, who assessed them using a Likert scale and participated in a process pf progressive adaptation to the specific characteristics of the field. As a result, the study proposes a framework consisting of 35 core competencies, organized into five dimensions: What is AI, Functioning, Uses and Applications, Ethics, and Evaluation. This framework differs from others developed in the context of higher education by placing particular emphasis on data-related competencies. It also differs from previous studies on AIL within LIS by prioritizing technical competencies-related to functioning and application-over ethical ones, which nonetheless remain significantly represented. Based on this set of 35 competencies, it is possible to develop tailored instruments for use in university classrooms.
Meta-research has emerged as a growing field within communication studies in Spain. Despite this expansion, limited attention has been paid to the subject from a gender perspective. This study seeks to analyze the presence and absence of women researchers as bibliographic references in Spanish academic production, and to examine citation patterns across the period studied. A bibliometric analysis was conducted of 4,047 references drawn from 178 articles published in leading Spanish communication journals between 1980 and 2022. The results indicate that, while gender parity has been reached in article authorship, citations of female researchers remain disproportionately low. These findings underscore the need to increase the visibility of women's scholarly contributions, voices, and intellectual authority in the field.
A detailed analysis of scientific production in Spanish engineering is presented. Engineering research is connected with economic and educational impacts to arrive at strategic recommendations that boost the international competitiveness of Spanish institutions. Bibliometric data and cluster analysis identify strategic disciplines, examining regional disparities in relation to economic indicators. Global Ranking of Academic Subjects (GRAS) data are used to assess scientific output across 23 engineering subjects, focusing on publication volume, quality, and international collaboration. Key improvement areas were identified where enhanced scientific production could strengthen engineering education and collaboration. Likewise, specific disciplines and regions requiring targeted policies to address specialization gaps were highlighted. The findings offer a unique perspective to incentivize educational progress and applied research within a competitive international context, with special attention to regional policies aimed at bridging gaps in engineering specializations. Although focused on Spain, the findings and methodological approach are applicable to other contexts.
This study presents the perceptions of pharmacists regarding the information needs of the general public, based on an exploratory qualitative study conducted in the province of Castellon (Spain). A mixed questionnaire was used to collect data, and the results were coded using descriptive analysis. The sample of professionals (n = 66) provided their views on the importance of the informative work carried out by pharmacies, as well as the type of queries they receive, the age of the people who consult them, the time spent attending to queries, the type of basic information material produced by pharmacies, and the impact of the protocol against gender-based violence promoted by the Government Delegation against Gender-Based Violence (Ministry of Equality) and the General Council of Professional Pharmaceutical Associations since 2022, whereby pharmacies can become purple points. The results highlight the enormous community work carried out by pharmacies in the information ecosystem of their environment, as reference points for promoting health literacy.
