Building a community of grassroots governance plays an important part in modernizing the system and capacity for grassroots governance, and it is also a new vision of the Communist Party of China and the state for good governance. From the perspective of Marx’s theory of "true community", this paper defines and analyzes the connotation and theoretical implication of the community of grassroots governance, and further explains the logic of its real-world operation with the empirical evidence. Marx’s theory of "true community" reveals the threefold aspects of the community of grassroots governance. That is, the satisfaction of "common needs" is the material basis for the formation of the community, the cultural identity is the driving force that unites the community, and a public space facilitates the reproduction of social relations in practice. In the practice of grassroots governance, the empirical evidence has proved that the mechanism of "the common use meets the common needs" makes the collective responsibility possible, the cultural identity is the spiritual driving force for people to take responsibilities, and the space transformation can reconstruct social networks and enhance social cohesion.
The developmental social policy is a social policy paradigm which emphasizes integration and mutual promoting between social policy and economic policy. It was proposed by the western countries to response crises which the welfare state faced, such as economic globalization and population aging. Its ideological sources and theoretical branches are diverse. The social policy practice for correcting "distorted development" in developing countries, the transformation of productive social policy in East Asian countries,and the social policy practice of social investment in developed countries constitute the three major practice orientations of this paradigm. Its core ideas have been summarized and refined as a policy paradigm which brings positive influences on policy practice. However, this paradigm has not yet formed a rigorous theoretical system, its policy practices vary greatly, and it leads to a widening gap between the rich and the poor because of the emphasis on development and neglect of sharing. Therefore, this paradigm remains a transitional one which towards a more perfect type of welfare. The social policy of China has evolved from dependency paradigm to productive, and then to the current developmental, which not only has common characteristics of developmental social policy in the world, but also has distinctive characteristics based on conditions of China. In the new journey of Chinese path to modernization, it obviously becomes a task of top priority to rationally draw lessons from developmental social policy practice of the foreign countries and China to form a social policy paradigm which is conducive to make solid advances toward common prosperity.
We conducted in-depth interviews with elderly consultants of different levels in five administrative regions of Shanghai, including HK District, CN District, PT District, MH District and PDX District, based on assessments of perceptions, needs and services of the system of community-based elderly care consultants among elderly people and their families who have received services. This paper finds that there are some problems in the system of community-based elderly care consultants in Shanghai, such as the inaccurate understanding of policies by elderly groups, the lack of regional coordination mechanisms, the low degree of specialization of consultants, the unclear selection mechanism, and the ineffectiveness of service skills training, the low degree of informatization of services in the community, the lack of standards for work, and the unclear assessment criteria. Based on the analysis of the above problems, this paper proposes to improve the existing system of community-based elderly care consultants, strengthen professional training, improve the comprehensive ability of consultants to further promote the standardization and informatization of the system.
Although AI technologies has been gradually applied to various areas of government services, few studies have focused on the initial perceptions of the public towards AI as a major subject in public services and their cognitive changes after a service failure. Based on the expectancy violations theory and the mind perception theory, this study proposes that the public has higher ability expectancy and lower mind perception for AI compared to those for humans. As a result, when the service fails, the public has stronger expectancy violation and lower causal accountability for AI in public services. We design two experiments to verify the above research hypothesis. The results can provide theoretical guidance and policy implications for the reform of AI-based public services and the ethical risks in related research.
It is an important measure to establish an efficient and sustainable supervision system of elderly care services for improving the quality of elderly care services. Scholars have carried out research on this issue from different perspectives. This paper sorts out 77 relevant studies on the supervision of elderly care services by the method of the systematic literature review, and finds that although research at home starts later than that abroad, it has received more research funding and showed a trend of rapid growth. However, the research paradigm domestically is based on normative research and lacks data-oriented empirical analysis. In addition, the research content concentrates on the system at the macro-level institutions, and lacks of research on meso-level organizations and micro-level individuals. This paper sorts out the hot topics of the research, and finds the research on supervision system focuses on the motivation for change and the reform scheme design, while the research on regulatory objects focuses on the influencing factors, the interaction between the subject and the object. Finally, based on a thorough analysis of the existing literature, the paper puts forward prospects for future research.
