This study constructs a labor mobility network based on Baidu Migration data after the Lantern Festival every year from 2020 to 2023 and systematically analyzes the dynamic structural characteristics and formation mechanisms of China's urban labor mobility network using social network analysis methods and Temporal Exponential Random Graph Models.The results show that:(1)The labor mobility network among Chinese cities exhibits a temporal duality of stability with an overall pattern of a remarkable rhombic structure centered around the axis of Zhengzhou-Wuhan and topped by Beijing,Shanghai,Shenzhen,and Chengdu.The Internal mobility of this rhombic area exceeds far more that that of the periphery areas demonstrating strong connections and clustering effects among the rhombic network.(2)Compared with earlier periods,the differentiation in labor mobility within and outside the rhombic area in 2023 is more pronounced,and the cities in central China have a more significant axis of the rhombic region with increased network density and reduced high-intensity mobility routes,which indicate a trend towards more balanced labor mobility.(3)The rhombic network shows a distinct pattern of centralized inflow and dispersed outflow.The labor inflow promotes return flow accordingly,and such reciprocal labor mobility continuously foster city networks tied by resources,economic strength,and environmental advantages,forming a dual structure of labor flow from the backward to the advanced cities and the labor flow among the advanced cities.(4)The drivers of labor mobility are increasingly multi-dimensional.
Based on the big migration data of the unique Spring Festival Travel Rush in China from Baidu Online Network Technology(Beijing)Co.,Ltd,this paper constructs the migration network to analyze the characteristics of population flow and investigate the influence of dialect culture on population flow by population gravity model in Guangdong Province.The result shows that regions with frequent and large population movements to and from are not only geographically close,but also has more similarities in dialect culture.the difference of dialect culture can hinder the population flow among the regions,while the regions with less difference in dialect culture have significantly higher probabilities of population flow in Guangdong province.This conclusion is still valid after the robustness test and endogeneity treatment.
This paper reviews and analyses the characteristics and changes of population distribution in 25 border counties of Yunnan from 2000 to 2022.It is found that the population of the border counties in Yunnan is characterized by stable size with a slight decrease,dramatic concentration,increasing higher urbanization rate,deepening aging and expanding scale of separation of registered and actual residence.This study provides some reference for achieving the goals of promoting the social development,enhancing the common prosperity.
With the global application of flexible employment,the health status of flexible employees has become a hot spot of sociologists,while few studies shed light on the health status of the flexible employees under the Hukou system in China.Based on the data of CGSS 2012-2017,this study examines the negative effects of precarious employment on workers'health and its hukou-based differences.The findings show that flexible employment jeopardizes the health of flexible employees by reducing working qualities and affecting psychological conditions.The urban Hukou of other cities and the local Hukou of the area where they are working can protect the health of the flexible employees,and the migrant workers with rural Hukou engaging in flexible job are facing the disadvantaged health in China's labor market under the dual impacts of precarious employment and the Hukou segmentation.
This paper evaluates the effects of flexible job for the mothers on the alleviation of women's work-family conflict and the reduction of women's childbearing costs in order to encourage childbearing behaviors by alleviating the punishment of motherhood based on the literature reviews and the observations of mother's posts in reality.The results show that job flexibility can alleviate the punishment of motherhood caused by the number increase of children born and the increase of every unit of job flexibility can alleviate the decrease of women's annual income because of every one more child born from 8.6%to 8.0%.That is,from the perspective of income penalty,women's fertility penalty decreases by 7.0%.Meanwhile the heterogeneity analysis shows that job flexibility is more effective on the decrease of punishment of motherhood for the females working as clerks,workers of service industries,and the workers in non-state-owned enterprises as well as those without children care supports from their parents.Compared with other fertility support measures,job flexibility is less effective than parental childcare supports while it is as effective as social child care supports.
