The question of"punishment and legislation"has been the general question of Confucianism through history,based on the analysis of the ChenYi's Comments on ZhouYi,it can be found that ChenYi admits the mean-ing and social value of"punishment and legislation",while he also insists the traditional point hold by Confucianism that the civilization should be first and guide the function of"punishment and legislation",and based on these he also research the principle of the"punishment and legislation"and the ability and duty that emperor,whom occupies the highest power,should have.Such investigations can clear the attitudes of such question shared by the scholars of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty,and offer the view and possibility if further research,which can help to establish the clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty.
Practical positivism argues against views such as reductionist naturalism and dualism that ontological existence should be diverse and multi-layered,and that the living world and intentional products have a higher ontological level.Constitutive relation is a metaphysical tool of practical ontology,and con-stitutive non-identity has a non-reduction but not anti-materialist metaphysical character.Man is essentially a being with the capacity for a first-person per-spective,and intentional activities such as first-person perspective and belief at-tribution are the basis of practical activities.Common sense,independent of science,is likewise a source of truth and has a unique causal mechanism.The above perspectives provide new ideas for constructing an ontology of prac-tice and for gaining a deeper understanding of the practical subject,practical agency,the role and nature of consciousness,and the relationship between practice and truth.
Wenzi uses the concept of"listening"on multiple levels,and the dis-cussions related to"listening"mainly focus on two dimensions.The first is the personal dimension,where"listening"is regarded as a way of learning the Dao.By eliminating the distractions of the senses and"listening with the mind",one can achieve the Dao.The second is the political dimension,where the text discusses how rulers should practice"listening governance"in their political practice to ensure the smooth transmission of orders and the loyalty of their subordinates,thereby achieving the political goal of"the world listens to the ruler".The transition from the personal dimension of"lis-tening to the Dao"to the political dimension of"governing by the Dao"de-pends on the unity of the subject of"listening".The ruler must humbly"lis-ten to governance"while cultivating the Dao within themselves,and ultimately achieve ideal governance through sincerity and spiritual resonance.
Li Yu is a famous author of Su Zhou school,the academic re-search on his opera creation has been quite mature,but few people pay at-tention to the phenomenon of his opera incorporating Ci into his opera.Al-most all of the seventeen kinds of Li Yu's operas that have survived to this day have the habit of using Ci poetry,which is distributed in the opening,setting and characters'appearance.Distinguishing these Ci poetry's prop-erties,that was to say,these consists of creation,modification,cento,quot-ing,and it was good to compile Ci poetries of the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty.From the perspective of ci noumenon,we could find many fea-tures about Ci poetries in operas including the rules choosing tune names,lit-erary value and latent characteristic on history of Ci poetry.In opera's opin-ion,we discuss some traits on Ci poetries in operas including drama theo-ry,stylistic value and functional presentations.The positive interaction of differ-ent styles could bring defamiliarization effect,at the same time,the boundary of different style may be blurred.The unfavorable situation caused by this blending has a stronger influence on the adulterated style.To a certain ex-tent,the style has been alienated,which is quite related to the phenome-non of Ming Ci's melodization and decline in Ming Ci.
