[目的]探究固氮菌Azotobacter salinestris(As101)代谢物脂肪酸组成及抗氧化活性.[方法]采用气质联用法(GC/MS)进行脂肪酸组成分析;根据2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和羟基自由基清除能力测定抗氧化活性.[结果]固氮菌As101代谢物脂溶性成分中棕榈酸甲酯(11.34％)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(7.41％)、顺9,10-甲基十九烷酸甲酯(18.71％)、硬脂酸甲酯(3.08％)、12-甲基十四烷酸甲酯(8.02％)为主要成分,其次为油酸甲酯(5.01％)、(Z)-十六烯酸甲酯(3.44％)、14-甲基十六烷酸甲酯(1.67％)等.其中,不饱和脂肪酸达43.78％;固氮菌As101代谢物脂肪酸对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基及羟基自由基的清除能力分别为53.05％、27.83％、43.77％.[结论]As101代谢物脂肪酸种类丰富,具有良好的开发利用价值及广阔的应用前景.

目的:分析和田玫瑰分子系统发育进化式样并评价其道地性.方法:采用聚合酶链式反应获得和田玫瑰内转录间隔区2(ITS2)序列,在美国国家生物技术信息中心数据库(NCBI)比对,从GenBank获取邻近属ITS2序列共52条,利用MEGA X软件进行多重比对分析,构建邻接(NJ)系统发育树,推断进化时间,预测ITS2序列二级结构.结果:基于ITS2引物扩增获得长度为409 bp的序列,包括小亚基核糖体核糖核酸基因和内部转录间隔区的部分序列(1～39 bp)、5.8S核糖体核糖核酸基因全序列(40～64 bp)、ITS2标准全序列(65～268 bp)、大亚基核糖体核糖核酸基因的部分序列(269～409 bp).分析发现和田玫瑰与英国、意大利等欧洲产玫瑰Rosa sherardii距离最近,共同亲本是大马士革玫瑰,和田玫瑰于20000多年前开始出现.结论:和田玫瑰ITS2标准序列为204 bp,起源于欧洲大马士革玫瑰,分歧进化时间约为29000年,与《中华人民共和国药典》2020年版收录玫瑰花的ITS2序列二级结构的区别主要在Ⅲ螺旋区部位.

红花为菊科植物红花(Carthamus tinctorius L.)的干燥花,具有活血通经,散瘀止痛等功能.为研究其降糖活性成分及谱效关系,本文确定了红花降糖活性部位;建立了HPLC指纹图谱,通过对照品指认其中7个主要成分后,用灰色关联度法和正交偏最小二乘法分析,揭示了这7个共有峰协同发挥蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酯酶1B抑制作用,其中羟基红花黄色素A(HSYA,6号峰)和6-羟基山柰酚-3,6-二-O-葡萄糖基-7-O-葡萄糖苷(3号峰)是贡献最大的成分.含量测定显示10批红花中羟基红花黄色素A及山柰素的含量均在1.67％ ～ 1.94％和0.09％～0.12％之间,该研究为红花在糖尿病药物开发领域的应用提供了依据.

目的:优化伊贝母多糖(FPSP)的提取工艺,并对其结构进行研究.方法:采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法,以FPSP产率为响应值,对FPSP提取工艺中的料液比、提取温度、提取时间进行优化.通过紫外吸收光谱法、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)法、气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)法、刚果红染色法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察、X射线衍射(XRD)法及热化学分析等表征手段对FPSP进行结构初探.结果:FPSP提取的最优工艺参数为料液比1:28(g/mL)、提取温度94℃、提取时间2.5 h,产率为16.25％(n=3),与理论产率(16.58％)的误差为0.33％.FPSP是由物质的量之比为1:58.02:0.73的木糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖及微量甘露糖组成,在280 nm波长附近有弱吸收峰,属于α-构型的吡喃多糖,存在三螺旋结构,其表面呈显不规则颗粒堆积而成的网状结构,同时存在晶体与非晶体结构,具有较好的热稳定性.结论:优化后的FPSP提取工艺合理、产率较高,可为伊贝母资源的进一步开发利用提供参考.

目的 研究家独行菜引种栽培适应性.方法 以药材市场上购买的家独行菜种子为研究材料,以采集的野生材料为对照进行栽培种植(株行距10cm×35 cm),调查物候期、株高、丛幅(长×宽,cm2)、主茎有效分枝数、抗逆性等农艺性状.结果 栽培型家独行菜株高45.8～60.4 cm,丛幅(长×宽,cm2)200.2～368.7 cm2,主茎有效分枝数5～9个;野生型株高20～40 cm,丛幅(长×宽,cm2)98.2～238.5 cm2,主茎有效分枝数3?7个.经统计分析,栽培型与野生型差别有统计学意义,栽培型家独行菜在株高、丛幅等农艺性状均显著高于野生型,且在引种栽培区域未发生病虫害.结论 家独行菜在和田地区栽培有较好的适宜性及抗逆性.

结合和田墨玉县独特的气候、土壤、耕地等特点,在墨玉县开展核桃林下地常用维吾尔药材品种筛选试验.研究结果表明,墨玉县阿依玛克村核桃林下地种植的香青兰、毛菊苣、曼陀罗、驱虫斑鸠菊、小茴香、黑种草、车前子等均能完成整个生育期.其中,毛菊苣是核桃林下地较为适宜种植的维吾尔药材.

目的:评价ITS/ITS2热点条形码序列对新疆4种绢蒿属植物及其近缘种银蒿的鉴别能力,为绢蒿属植物分类鉴定提供分子参考依据.方法:对15份绢蒿属及银蒿植物样本进行DNA提取、PCR扩增、双向测序,采用CodonCode Aligner软件对序列峰图进行校对拼接,MEGA6.0分析序列碱基组成及变异,计算K2P遗传距离并构建聚类邻接树,预测ITS2序列二级结构,评估鉴别能力.结果:西北绢蒿、针裂叶绢蒿种内变异位点及信息位点数均小于银蒿.ITS序列种间、种内遗传变异均大于ITS2序列.ITS/ITS2序列邻接(NJ)树均聚为3支,绢蒿属、银蒿1、银蒿2.绢蒿属ITS2序列二级结构与银蒿有差异.结论:通过ITS/ITS2序列的种间K2P遗传距离、邻接树、ITS2序列二级结构分析,ITS、ITS2序列具很好的属鉴定效果,不同产地的针裂叶绢蒿被区分开.

[Objective]To study the biological characteristics of vegetative growth of cultivated Saussurea involucrata in a low altitude region.[Methods]The measure agronomic traits of cultivated S. involucrate were researched,including leaf number,plant height,root length,and fresh weight under different treatments. [Results]The seedling emergence rate could be improved if plots were covered with a straw mat immediately after sowing the seeds. The biomass of spring-sown plants was significantly higher than that of autumn-sown plants. The growth of 1-year-old seedlings was slow from germination to the 45 thday,whereby it increased and reached a moderate rate by 70 d. Characteristics of perennial cultivated plants,such as plant height and leaf number,were stable and changed a little within the current year. Growth of seedlings increased under 60% shade cloth until the stage of 5 true leaves. Cultivated S. involucrata also demonstrated drought tolerance. One-year-old plants could be cut twice in the same year,but 2-and 3-year-old plants four times. Regenerative ability could be promoted by cutting,which was also improved resilience to high temperature and pest damage. [Conclusions] Cultivated S. involucrata in a low altitude region had its own biological characteristics of vegetative growth.

Objective To determine the bergenin and catechin contents in the tissue culture seedlings,seed seedlings and wild seedlings of Bergenia crassifolia,which would lay the foundation for the evaluation of artificial planting of this medical herb.Methods The HPLC analysis was achieved by using a C18 reverse column and methanol-water as the mobile phase,with a flow rate of 1.0 ml.min-1 and detected by UV at 275nm.The contents of bergenin and catechin in the different parts of axial root,fibrous root and leaves of B.crassifolia.Results The contents of bergenin and catechin varies in different parts of,the content of bergenin is higher in axial root and fibrous root while the content of catechin is higher in leaves.However,there are no significant differences between tissue culture seedlings,seed seedlings and wild seedlings.Conclusion This study indicated that the effective components of the artificial planting seedlings could fulfill the reguirments of medical applications.

目的测定厚叶岩白菜组培苗、种子苗和野生苗不同部位中熊果苷,为人工种植厚叶岩白菜的质量评价提供科学依据。方法采用反相C18色谱柱,甲醇-水为流动相洗脱,对不同厚叶岩白菜苗的主根、须根和叶片等不同部位中的熊果苷进行HPLC分析比较。结果厚叶岩白菜不同部位的熊果苷量存在一定差异,叶片中熊果苷最高;但组培苗和种子苗与野生苗的主根与须根中熊果苷的量差别很大,组培苗主根和须根熊果苷质量分数分别7.18%、6.12%。结论本研究表明采用组培或种子人工种植的厚叶岩白菜其有效成分能够满足临床和美容行业应用的要求。

Taking root tip of Saussurea involucrata as material for routine chromosome preparation,we hope that these results can provide the basis for classification,genetic breeding and molecular biology research of Saussurea involucrata.The present study analyzed the difference of sampling time,pretreatment and hydrolysis time on routine chromosome preparation of Saussurea involucrata impact.1 000 randomly selected root tip cell were observed in each treatment group in order to compare the proportion of metaphase cells and karyotype analysis of suitable metaphase cells.The results showed that: good tissue culture chromosome preparation was achieved by best sampling time at 10:00,24 h pretreatment of liquid mixture of same volume ratio of 0.002 mol/L 8-hydroxyquinoline and 1 g/L colchicine at 0 ℃,and by 7 min hydrolyzation of 1 mol / L hydrochloric acid at 58 ℃.The karyotype analysis revealed that the karyotype of Carthamus tinctorius L.was 2 n=2 N=24=20 m+16 sm.Chromosome composition of relative length was 2 n=32=8 L+6 M2+ 6 M1+12 S,its index of As.k was 60.998%,the karyotype asymmetry belonged to 2B type,its karyotype was symmetrica1.This suggested that Saussurea involucrata is relatively primitive forms.

Chosen young leaves of asepsis seedling of Lactuca sativa L.as test material,the effect of material resources,plasmolysis time,seedling age,enzyme combination,enzymolysis time and ostimum pressure on protoplast isolation were studied.The results showed that when young leaves were plasmolysed for 2 h in CPW solution containing 13% mannitol,the yield of protoplast and its survival rate were higher than those of other plasmolysis time.20 d of the young leaves were isolated protoplasts high quality,protoplasm takes the shape of circular,many inclusion,strong vitality;The enzyme concent ration was 1.0% cellulase+0.2% macerozyme,isolate ezyme.A large amount of high-active protoplast could be obtained by enzymolysis for 12 h at 25℃ under dark conditions.The minstra of 9% were suitable for protoplast dissociation.

Our objective was to investigate the important biological characteristics of annual artificial planting Saussurea involucrate in low altitude region(567 m).We hope that these results can provide essential referential materials for the utilization and protection of this kind of resource.Experiment in the present research was carried out on the ecological adaptation of S.involucrate such as leaf number,leaf length,root length and single plant fresh weight of annual artificial plant in low altitude region.The characteristics of annual plant growth of S.involucrate in low altitude were that it grew slowly after being sowed 45 d,then became fast,and reached a moderate stable rate after 70 d.Its emergence rate could be improved by sowing with covered straw mat.Its growth had a great drought-enduring characteristic.Annual plant of S.involucrate could be cut twice,and its leaf length and leaf number could grow to the size of an original plant after cutting approximately in 20 d,but the plexus amplitude was significantly smaller.Its regeneration could be promoted by cutting,which was also helpful to avoid the high temperature weather and pest outbreaks.

The different sampling time,the methods of the pretreatment and dissociation in chromosome sectioning of apricot cultivar shushanggan were compared.1 000 top root cells were observed,the proportions of metaphase cells and the metaphase cells which were suitable for karyotype analysis were compared.The results showed that the best experimental protocol for karyotype analysis of apricot cultivar shushanggan was the better sampling time at 8:30,the better pretreatment with 0.002 mol/L 8-Hydroxyquinolin for 4 h.The karyotype analysis revealed that the karyotype of apricot cultivar shushanggan was 2n=2N=16m and its index of As.k was 53.66%,the karyotype asymmetry belonged to 4A type,its karyotype was symmetrica1,which suggested that it was relatively primitive forms.

In order to construct an effective approach for wild soybean population evaluation and protection, fifty three SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 150 wild soybean plants, which were collected from the 10 natural populations at in-situ conserved region in Xinbin county, Liaoning province. One hundred and twenty three alleles were observed at 53 SSR loci, with an average of 2.3 alleles per locus. The similarity matrix correlation analysis showed that the result of 20~25 SSR loci was significantly correlated with that of 53 SSR loci. So, twenty five SSR primers were selected for further analysis. The expected heterozygosity was 0.317, and most of the genetic diversity was found among different groups (66.7%). The genetic diversity was not evenly distributed and there was rare gene flow between groups. The result indicated that, in order to maintain 95% of the diversity, nearly 40 materials should be collected from different groups.