为了确保新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间病理生理学在线学习与实体课堂的教学质量实质等效,中南大学病理生理学系教学团队对病理生理学在线教学进行了积极的探索和实践,制订SPOC+直播的在线混合式教学方案,并在2018级医学相关专业学生中实施.学生的问卷调查结果显示:80％以上的学生认为该课程的教学目标明确、教学安排合理、教学内容具有挑战性,且认为SPOC有助于课程学习,可促进主动学习和深度思考.该在线混合式教学方案强化了现代信息教育技术与病理生理学教学的融合,也为后期加强教育信息化建设、进一步深化教学改革进行了有益探索.

脑膜血管瘤病(MA)是一种罕见的、以脑皮质内小血管、脑膜瘤细胞及成纤维细胞增生为特征的疾病，多位于额、颞叶。部分病例发病可能与Ⅱ型神经纤维瘤病(NF2)相关。临床上常分为 NF2突变型和散发型。本文报道的2例MA患儿的肿瘤均位于小脑幕上，术前影像学诊断均考虑胶质瘤可能。术后均经病理学证实为MA，免疫组织化学检测CD31、Ki67、P53均为阳性表达，基因检测均无 NF2突变。肿瘤均为全切除，术后随访至今，无癫痫发作，预后良好。

如何在混合式教学中与思想政治理论课同向同行,形成协同效应的课程思政,是当前高等教育改革的热点课题.中南大学病理生理学系教学团队在进行混合式教学改革中设立了以社会主义核心价值观为中心的思政教学目标,即社会主义核心价值观和责任感、医学生职业胜任力、辩证唯物主义世界观、批判性思维和创新意识.线上慕课通过案例,线下教学把思政融入专业讨论问题,建立起一种思政教学的新模式并取得了较好的教学效果.

本文通过无记名问卷调查,分析在中南大学湘雅医学院2016、2017级共470名医学博士研究生中开设的"人类疾病动物模型的研究进展"课程的教学满意度和教学效果.共发放无记名问卷470份,回收有效问卷449份,统计后获得如下评价结果:①大部分学生认为该课程很有实用性,很满意课程的教学方式,认为课程内容设置很好且授课信息量适中,对国内外研究现状的把握度很好;②大部分学生认为课程的很大程度完善了自身知识结构,培养了自身研究兴趣,提高了自身科研、创新能力."人类疾病动物模型的研究进展"课程通过设立教学目标,选择合适的教学内容与授课方式,已达到教学目的,在医学研究生教学中值得推广和应用.

Objectives To provide new ideas on how to shift students' learning attitude from passive learning to active learning, we explored and evaluated a case/problem-based and interactive teaching mode in pathophysiology curriculum . Methods Case/problem-based and interactive teaching mode is an innovative teaching model adopted in pathophysiology curriculum for grade 2015 students of 5-year program in clinical medicine and other medical students of non-clinical majors in Xiangya Medical School, Central South University. The teaching effectiveness of the case/problem-based and interactive teaching mode was evaluated by questionnaire survey, with 460 medical students enrolled in the survey whose approval degree on current teaching mode was analyzed . Excel was used to collect and process data , complete descriptive analysis and calculation of the percentage of indicators. Results A total of 460 anonymous questionnaires were distributed and 453 valid questionnaires were retrieved , from which the following information was obtained: ①Pre-class learners' guidance designed for current teaching mode: 88.7％ of students (402/453) believed that"Pre-class Learners' Guidance"motivated them to preview relevant teaching contents before class . 82 . 8％ of students ( 375/453 ) believed "Pre-class Learners' Guidance" improved discussion quality in class. 76.6％ of students (347/453) believed "Pre-class Learners' Guidance" expanded thinking and exploring space, while it did not increase student study burden (306/453, 67.6％).②Compared with traditional teaching mode , the case/problem-based and interactive teaching mode had following advantages:It's helpful to cultivate students' clinical thinking (414/453, 91.4％), strengthen students' memory and understanding during study (400/453, 88.3％), attract students' attention in class (380/453, 83.9％), and aroused student's interest in class discussion (327/453, 72.2％). ③83.4％ of students (379/453) preferred current teaching mode: they believed this teaching mode could improve students' ability to analyze and solve problems (325/453,71.7％), train clinical thinking (321/453, 70.9％), improve students' self-study ability (247/453, 54.5％) and increase students' capabilities of making summary and conclusion (197/453, 43.5％). Conclusion Case/problem-based and interactive teaching mode in pathophysiology curriculum enhances students' ability of self-studying, activates classroom's atmosphere, improves teaching quality, and effectively fosters students' clinical thinking. Therefore, this teaching mode deserves to be spread and applied in classroom teaching of pathophysiology and other basic medicine disciplines as well.

Swyer综合征是一种非常少见的性发育异常疾病,该病主要特点是患者染色体核型为46,XY,但却表现为女性外生殖器.本例患者因性发育障碍而诊断此病,但患者因“地中海贫血”曾接受男性供者进行造血干细胞移植.本文分析了该患者的临床特点及诊断思维,体现了临床疾病的复杂性.

随着多媒体教学的日益普及,PPT作为一种重要的教学手段被广泛应用于大学课堂教学.而Prezi作为新兴的演示软件,打破了传统Powerpoint的单线条时序,采用系统与结构一体化的方式来进行演示,可以随时缩放用户界面,任意调整图形大小.在演讲的进程中,让观众随着演讲者的节奏来观看细节或全局,具有类似电影的效果,因而备受商业人士青睐.笔者亲身体验了Prezi的课件制作过程,结合在病理生理学课程中应激章节教学的应用经验,谈谈在"应激"课堂教学中Prezi应用的几点体会.

In the teaching reform of“system-oriented”basic medical curriculum mode in Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University,our team are responsible for the education of circulatory system. By forming an interdisciplinary teaching team,integrating the teaching content organically,carrying out the reform of classroom teaching mode with students as the center,and gradually establishing and improving the formative evaluation system,we promote the progress of teaching reform, and obtain a good teaching effect.

Stress is a classic teaching content of pathophysiology,but teaching experiment related to stress has not opened yet.In order to transfer stress scientific experiments into pathophysiological teaching experiment,we firstly designed an exper-iment named influence ofstress on behavior,learning and memory ability ofmice according to recent scientific research pro-gress.This experiment adopts the foot shock method to replicate mice acute stress model,performs open field test and Morris water maze test to observe the effects of acute stress on emotional behavior,learning and memory function of mice and to ex-plore its mechanism.Through the exploration of this experiment,stress teaching is expected to be combined with scientific re-search,and the teaching effect of pathophysiology may be effectively improved.

Objective To know about the clinical symptoms and treatment of restrictive in order to improve the clinical level of clinicians in diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to reduce the death or serious decline in quality of life due to misdiagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 7 children with restrictive admitted in this hospital during July 1982 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Two cases were misdiagnosed as dilated cardiomyopathy or anomaly,two cases were misdiagnosed as cirrhotic ascites and three case were misdiagnosed as pericarditis and undergone surgical treatment.The treatment of all these patients after confirmed diagnosis is keeping rest,avoiding exertion and preventing infection.At the same time,diuretics,blood vessel expander,calcium antagonists and drugs for myocardial nutrition were administrated.Two patients died of intractable heart failure,one case of Ebstein's anomaly exploded ventricular fibrillation to death at fifth day after surgery,and the remaining cases were followed up.Conclusion RCM is relatively rare,clinicians are lack of understanding of this disease,and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as constrictive pericarditis,so clinicians should be familiar with clinical features of restrictive and differential diagnosis,and quickly complete the specific medical examination,If patient only has enlargement of atrium but no enlargement of ventricles and no obviously past history of illness and the occurrence of heart failure,then the patient is highly suspected to be suffered from restrictive cardiomyopathy.

<正>热休克转录因子(Heat shock transcription factor,HSF)是一组结构和功能具有广泛同源性,普遍存在于真核生物细胞中的蛋白质。HSF按其功能分为HSF1、HSF2、

The effect of quenching agent on exfoliation corrosion resistance of 2519 alloy was investigated by means of hardness tests and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that the three aged stages are observed in 2519 aluminum alloys after quenching in air, in the room temperature water and in boiling water.There are pre-ageing, peak-ageing and over-ageing.The precipitation of equilibrium is discontinuous on grain boundary and the average width of precipitation free zones(PFZ) is about 100 nm in air.The grain boundary precipitates have chain continuous distribution and average width of PFZ is about 60 nm for quenched alloys in the room temperature.Quenching in air has the worst resistance to exfoliation corrosion after peak ageing, while a better resistance against exfoliation corrosion can be expected by quenching in boiling water and the best anticorrosion performance is obtained by quenching in the room temperature water after peak ageing.

In order to promote the quality of the graduates,the department of pathophysiology of Central South University tried to train the graduates with a serial of methods and technologies for scientific research.For our several-year practices,it is confirmed that the targeted and advanced training contents could meet the students' requirements for their study;the training for the ability of innovation and the attitude of investigation could help the students become into the new scientific talents.The effective training not only supplies the excellent technical platform for the scientific research of the graduates,but also establishes the steady foundation for the integral quality of the graduates.

Objectives To investigate the expression of cell-cycle associated factor geminin in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods Sixteen children newly diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia but not treated were included in the research group,another 16 healthy children were included in the control group. Blood samples were taken intravenously to isolate single-nucleus cells. The expression of geminin was measured by immunohistochemistry,and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)were applied for determination of geminin mRNA. The data was analyzed using SPSS11.5 for windows. Results The expression of both geminin proteins and geminin mRNA in the research group were obviously higher than those in the control group(both P 0.05). Although there was expression of geminin proteins,the expression levels of their corresponding mRNA could not be detected in the control group. Conclusions The overexpression of geminin may involve in the development of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Discrepancies between expression of geminin proteins and geminin RNA in normal lymphoblastic cells were found.

The aluminum plate with high copper content was shot obliquely by 7.62 mm diameter incendiary projectile at impact velocity of 818 m/s.The microstructure of the crater of the aluminum alloy target plate was investigated with optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that melted substance,a mixture of the target material and the projectile, was found in the interface of target and projectile.Different microstructure characteristics were observed through the depth. Grains were elongated near the entrance,while severely kinked grains and adiabatic shear bands were presented in the middle, and microbands,as well as abnormal grown grains,appeared at the end of the crater.The failure form of target is mainly ductile expanding.

By optical microscope the pits of strong cube textures aluminum foils with or without light deformation were observed using etching method.Due to the increased density of dislocations pits were easily formed in large numbers,whose surface area ratio to net foil area was accordingly improved.The method will be a good reference for the production.

Micro structures, boundary angle distribution and orientations in high purity Aluminum cold rolled up to 80% (thickness reduction) were investigated using the Optical Microscopy (OM) and SEM-EBSD techniques. it was found that the elongated bands parallel to the rolling direction (RD) with two morphologies - either orientations assembly bands (OAB) excluding high angles (> 15 degrees) boundaries, or orientations scatter bands (OSB) including high angle boundaries. The Area Fractions of Boundary Angle Levels (AFBAL) for < 5 degrees, 5 degrees similar to 10 degrees, 10 degrees similar to 15 degrees and > 15 degrees are found to be dependent on the morphologies and the orientations of the deformation microstructures.

Objective To approach therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) complicating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children.Methods The therapy of seven children diagnosed as ALL complicating ARDS was analyzed, who were treated by anti-infection, methyllprednisolone, ambroxol and constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) assisted ventilation.Results Six cases were recovery and one was death. The cure rate was 85.7%. Conclusion The cure rate is high, when employing combined therapy to treat ALL complicating ARDS.