This was a case of 32-year-old HAN woman admitted to psychiatric hospital presenting for social withdraw,deluded ideas,unexplained runaways and suicide behaviors.She was diagnosed as schizophrenia and brought to the psychiatrist for unbearable behavior problems by her family.When admitted to hospital the patient showed significant depressive symptoms and delusions with influent speech,hypotonia,involuntary movements of distal limb and ataxia.Cognitive tests revealed multiple deficits.Consulted with the neurologist,a diagnosis of organic mental disorder was suggested.Magnetic resonance imaging showed slight widen of lateral ventricles and mild atrophy of caudate nucleus and cortex of frontal lobe.The family history was re-collected and found three family members shared the influent speech and ataxia.Then the clinical diagnose of Huntingdon Disease was made and validated with gene tests.

目的 探讨脑卒中后抑郁患者的临床影响因素.方法 应用《复合性国际诊断问卷-3.0》(CIDI-3.0)对405例住院脑卒中患者进行筛查与诊断,以脑卒中后抑郁患者作为研究组(PSD组),脑卒中后非抑郁患者为对照组(非PSD组),对2组患者家庭收入等一般资料及卒中性质等临床影响因素进行对照研究.结果 研究组农村居民(86.4％与52.3％)、低收入家庭(81.8％与50％)的比例显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,研究组言语障碍(54.5％与22.7％,P＜0.05)、肢体瘫痪(68.2％与40.9％,P＜0.05)、脑出血(40.9％与9.1％,P＜0.05)率更高.研究组卒中部位涉及基底节脑区的比率明显高于对照组,2组患者在婚姻状况、民族、受教育程度、职业、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压病史、脑卒中发作次数及意识障碍方面比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 脑卒中后抑郁的发生可能与卒中性质、部位(特别是基底节脑区)以及脑卒中导致的语言和运动功能受损有关,临床工作中应重视上述情况.此外,在卒中后抑郁的防治中应重视农村或低收入家庭的患者.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension comorbid of depression and anxiety disorder,and to explore the related psycho-social factors.Methods A total of 1 806 patients with hypertension were selected from urban and rural areas in Beijing and Jilin Province in 2011.The Chinese version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 3.0 (CIDI-3.0) was used to diagnose depression and anxiety disorder.Four additional questionnaires obtained demographic data,and data on coping style,social support,quality of life and degree of life satisfaction.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related factors of hypertension comorbid of depression and anxiety.Results (1) The prevalence rate of depression and anxiety disorder among patients with hypertension in Beijing and Jilin was 6.5％ (117/1 806) and 24.2％ (437/1 806),respectively.(2) The prevalence of depression among patients with hypertension was significantly higher in female patients and patients without a spouse (7.6％ (88/1 162) vs.9.0％ (29/324)) than male patients and that with a spouse (4.5％ (29/644) vs.5.9％ (88/1 482);x2 =6.446,3.983,both P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence of anxiety among patients with hypertension was significantly higher in patients of female gender,being 60 years of age or younger,living in rural areas,manual labor,having 9 or fewer years of education than in patients of male gender (26.6％ (309/1 162) vs.19.9％ (128/644)),being 60 years older(28.7％ (255/890) vs.19.9％ (182/916)),living in urban areas (26.9％ (242/900) vs.21.5％ (195/906)),mental work (25.9％ (289/1 114) vs.20.0％ (83/416)) and having 9 more years of education(25.7％ (333/1 296) vs.20.4％ (104/510);x2 =10.190,18.983,7.087,5.907,5.610,all P ＜ 0.05).(3) Compared with non-depression group,depression group had significantly lower scores on subjective support (24.2 ± 4.7 vs.26.1 ± 4.4,t =-2.508),support availability (6.2 ± 2.1 vs.7.6 ± 2.2,t =-3.951),total social suppot (39.5 ± 7.5 vs.43.1±6.7,t =-3.110),positive coping dimension (1.6±0.7 vs.1.9±0.7,Z=-2.356),Q-LES-Q-SF (47.4 ±7.8 vs.61.2 ±4.3,t =-15.615),and had significantly higher scores on amount of negative events stimulation (38.8 ± 59.3 vs.7.8 ± 16.8,t =5.591),total amount of life events stimulation (47.8 ± 64.2 vs.20.2 ± 33.0,Z =3.775;all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with non-anxiety group,anxiety group had significantly lower scores on subjective support (24.0 ± 4.9 vs.25.1 ± 4.6,t =-2.678),total social support (40.0 ± 7.2 vs.41.2 ± 7.1,t =-2.063),positive coping dimension (1.5 ± 0.6 vs.1.6 ± 0.7,Z =-1.963),Q-LES-Q-SF (48.0 ± 5.5 vs.53.9 ± 5.5,t =-12.340),and had significantly higher scores on amount of negative events stimulation (27.2 ± 50.0 vs.10.6 ± 21.5,Z =5.993),average negative coping dimension (1.2 ± 0.6 vs.1.1 ± 0.6,Z =3.775),total amount of life events stimulation (39.5 ± 56.4 vs.23.9 ± 36.0,Z =4.155;all P ＜ 0.05).(4) Logistic regression analysis showed female gender,negative events had significant positive correlation to concurrent depression and anxiety in patients with hypertension (OR =1.689,1.017,1.431,1.070,all P ＜ 0.05).High life satisfaction degree had significant negative correlation (OR =0.558,0.797,both P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of anxiety disorder is higher than that of depression in hypertensive patients in Beijing and Jilin.Female gender,negative events are possible risk factors for concurrent depression and anxiety in patients with hypertension,and high life satisfaction degree are possible protective factor.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the prevalence of hypertensive patients with co-morbid anxiety and/or depression and determine the risk factors of comorbidity in community.METHODS:A cross-section study was performed among 807 hypertensive patients in urban and rural community settings of Beijing in 2011. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, computer assisted personal interview (CIDI-3.0-CAPI) was administrated by face-to-face interview. And the diagnosis of anxiety and depression was made according to the definitions and criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DMS-IV). The prevalence and related risk factors of hypertensive patients with comorbid anxiety and/or depression were reported.RESULTS:It was found that 23.3% of patients were accompanied with anxiety and 5.7% with depression in hypertensive patients in community. The risk factors of anxiety included irregular treatment (odds ratio 4.500; 95% confidence interval, 2.431 to 8.331), smoking (1.805; 1.036 to 3.145), manual labor (1.933; 1.223 to 3.053) and two or above stage of hypertension (1.525; 1.041 to 2.234). And the risk factors of depression included irregular treatment (5.333; 1.554 to 18.304), taking reserpine or ingredients containing reserpine (6.667; 1.981 to 22.435) and singlehood (5.000; 1.096 to 22.820).CONCLUSION:The prevalence of anxiety is higher than depression in hypertensive patients in community. Irregular treatment is the common risk factor of anxiety and depression. Patients with smoking, manual labor and two or above stage of hypertension are more likely to have a coexistence of anxiety while those unmarried, taking reserpine or ingredients containing reserpine are more likely to suffer from depression.

Objective To investigate psychosocial factors for post-stroke depression (PSD). Methods 405 in-pa-tients with stroke were first screened for depression using Comprehensive International Diagnostic Interview-3.0. 22 pa-tients with depression were recruited as the depression group. From 383 patients without depression, 44 patients were se-lected and served as the non depression controlled group according to the sex and age paired with 1:2. Both groups were measured by using questionnaires including Life Event Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Social Support Rat-ing Scale, Activities of Daily Living Scale and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire, Short Form. Re-sults The score of passive coping was significantly higher in depression group than in non depression group [(1.2 ± 0.5) vs. (0.8±0.7), P<0.05]. The score of subjective support was significantly lower in depression group than in non depression group [(17.5±4.0) vs. (20.7±4.6), P<0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed, minority nationality (OR=2.564, 95%CI:1.039~6.327) and passive coping style (OR=2.223, 95%CI:1.052~5.192) were risk factors for PSD, while subjective sup-port was protective factor for PSD (OR=0.884, 95%CI:0.793~0.986). Conclusions Passive coping style and low subjec-tive support may be the important psychosocial factors of PSD.

目的:评价可变剂量伊潘立酮片治疗精神分裂症患者的疗效与安全性,并与利培酮进行比较.方法:本研究为随机、双盲、平行对照多中心临床试验.将符合《精神障碍诊断统计手册第四版》(DSM-Ⅳ)精神分裂症临床诊断标准的260例患者随机分至伊潘立酮组(130例,12 ～24 mg·d-1)或利培酮组(130例,3 ～6 mg·d-1),观察疗程为6周.主要疗效指标为治疗6周末两组阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)总分减分值.安全性评价包括不良事件(AEs)发生率、生命体征、心电图、体重变化及实验室指标.结果:治疗6周末,两组PANSS总分均较基线明显降低(P＜0.05).伊潘立酮组减分(33.31±13.94)分,利培酮组减分(32.54±14.77)分,两组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对治疗前后PANSS量表总评分减分值进行非劣效检验,结果显示伊潘立酮组非劣于利培酮组(μA-μB的双侧95％ CI大于-7.0).利培酮组和伊潘立酮组常见不良事件为帕金森综合征、静坐不能、转氨酶升高、血脂升高、体重增加、泌乳素增高等,其中伊潘立酮组帕金森综合征和泌乳素增高的发生率低于利培酮组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:伊潘立酮片治疗急性精神分裂症的疗效与利培酮相当,较少引起帕金森综合征及泌乳素增高.

目的:调查吉林省长春市高血压患者神经症的患病情况,探讨其影响因素,为高血压患者神经症的防治提供决策依据.方法:应用分层整群抽样方法抽取15家社区卫生服务中心,由社区医生电话预约该社区登记的高血压患者1 216人,采用世界卫生组织复合性国际诊断交谈表计算机版(CIDI3.0-CAPI)对患者进行访谈,共完成有效问卷999份,按《国际疾病分类第十版(ICD-10)》诊断标准进行神经症的诊断.高血压患者各种神经症的患病情况采用终生患病率、12个月患病率和30 d患病率3个指标描述;12个月患病率人群分布特征组间比较采用x2检验;对高血压患者的一般人口学特征和心理社会因素进行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归,筛选主要影响因素.结果:高血压患者神经症的终生患病率为14.6％,12个月患病率为10.8％,30 d患病率为7.9％; Logistic回归分析,年龄(60～69岁和≥70岁)、负性生活事件、简易积极应对和生活满意程度均是高血压患者神经症的影响因素,其OR (OR95％CI)分别为0.412 (0.216,0.784)、0.308 (0.139,0.683)、1.010(1.003,1.017)、0.670 (0.454,0.989)和0.934 (0.896,0.974).结论:高血压患者神经症患病率较高,年龄是其影响因素之一,60岁以后随年龄增加神经症的患病率降低;负性生活事件刺激会增加高血压患者患神经症的风险,而积极的应对方式和高生活满意程度可有效降低高血压患者患神经症的风险.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的了解吉林省长春市社区脑卒中患者生活质量满意度及其影响因素,为有效提高脑卒中患者的生活质量满意度提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取长春市城乡共15家社区卫生服务中心或卫生院,对其健康档案登记的520例脑卒中患者进行问卷调查,利用简明幸福与生活质量满意度问卷（Q-LES-Q-SF）评估其生活质量满意度。结果长春市社区脑卒中患者Q-LES-Q-SF总分范围在21⁶6分,平均分为（45.86±6.81）分,低于国内健康人群的（51.50±6.35）分,差异有统计学意义（t=-18.561,P&lt;0.01）;多元线性回归分析结果显示,影响脑卒中患者生活质量满意度的主要因素有日常生活活动能力（β′=-0.298,,P&lt;0.01）、负性生活事件（β′=-0.276,P&lt;0.01）、社会支持（β′=0.192,P&lt;0.01）、应对方式（β′=0.111,P&lt;0.01）、年龄（β′=0.085,P&lt;0.01）以及收入（β′=0.085,P&lt;0.05）。结论长春市社区脑卒中患者生活质量满意度水平较低;年龄、收入、躯体因素、社会心理因素等均可影响脑卒中患者的生活质量满意度。</span>

OBJECTIVE:To explore the ecological executive function profile in depression patients before and after antidepressants treatment and analyze the relationship of ecological executive function and depression symptoms and effect. METHODS:A total of 33 inpatients diagnosed as depression disorder according to ICD-10 completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) before and after a 6-week antidepressant treatment. RESULTS:(1) After treatment, they yielded lower scores significantly on most subscales of BRIEF-A (t = 2.061 - 4.229, P < 0.05), including total score [(127 ± 27) vs (113 ± 28)], shifting [(11.7 ± 2.7) vs (10.3 ± 2.6)], emotion control [(18.8 ± 4.6) vs (15.8 ± 4.4)], monitoring [(9.6 ± 3.0) vs (8.8 ± 2.7)], initiation [(15.6 ± 3.7) vs (13.2 ± 3.6)], working memory [(14.9 ± 3.4) vs (13.3 ± 3.9)], planning [(18.3 ± 4.4) vs (16.6 ± 4.4)], organization [(12.4 ± 3.8) vs (11.4 ± 3.1)], behavioral regulation index (BRI), metacognition index (MI) and global executive composite (GEC). (2) Before treatment, Person's correlation test showed that the total score of HAMD and all subscales of BRIEF-A had no significant correlation respectively (r = -0.145 - 0.220, P > 0.05). (3) After treatment, the deduction of total score of HAMD and the deduction of the scores of inhibiting belonging to behavioral regulation index (BRI) and initiation, planning belonging to metacognition index (MI) had moderate correlations respectively(r = 0.450, 0.432, 0.403, P < 0.05). (4) Multiple regression analysis showed that the scores of working memory, organization and the deduction of total score of HAMD had significantly negative correlations respectively (t = -2.295, -2.488, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:The antidepressant treatment can improve ecological executive function of depression patients. And the improvements of ecological executive function and depression symptoms are partially correlated.

Objective:To explore the applicability of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version(BRIEF-A) and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire(DEX) in evaluating the ecological executive function profile in depressive patients.Methods:Totally 74 inpatients who were diagnosed as depressive episode according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,Tenth Revision(ICD-10) criteria and 45 age-gender-matched normal adults were recruited.All the subjects completed the BRIEF-A and the DEX.Results:Compared with the normal adults,the patients got significantly higher scores on all subscales of the BRIEF-A respectively(Ps<0.05),including total score [(128.7±27.8)vs.(86.3±18.4)],inhibition[(14.1±3.3)vs.(9.7±1.7)],shifting[(12.1±2.8)vs.(7.8±1.9)],emotion control[(19.5±4.6)vs.(13.3±4.0)],self-monitoring [(9.8±2.8)vs.(7.4±1.6)],initiation[(15.8±4.2)vs.(9.9±2.2)],working memory[(15.1±3.5)vs.(9.9±2.2)],planning[(18.6±4.9)vs.(12.7±3.0)],organization[(11.5±3.4)vs.(9.9±2.1)],monitoring [(12.4±4.0) vs.(7.8±2.1)],behavioral regulation index(BRI),metacognition index(MI) and global executive composite(GEC).Compared with the normal adults,the patients got significantly higher scores on all subscales of the DEX respectively(Z=4.65~7.31,P' s<0.05),including inhibition [4(0~17) vs.0(0~6)],intentionality [7(0~16) vs.2(0~8)],knowing-doing dissociation [5(0~16) vs.1(0~9)],in-resistance [3.5(0~11) vs.1(0~7),social regulation [3(0~8) vs.1(0~4)].Spearman correlation test showed that all subscales of the BRIEF-A were positively correlated with all subscales of the DEX,respectively(r=0.37-0.80,P<0.01).Conclusion:It indicates that the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version and the Dysexecutive Questionnaire may have high correlations in evaluating the ecological executive function impairments in depressive patients.

Objective:To explore the prevalence of depressive disorder in stroke patients in hospital,and to provide reference for early recognition and special intervention for post-stroke depression patients.Methods:As a screening and diagnostic tool,the Comprehensive International diagnostic Interview,core version 3.0(CIDI-3.0) was used to evaluate 405 stroke patients in hospital,including 80 minority nationality patients.The patients were sampled from the neurology departments of three general hospitals.Among them,202 were from an urban hospital and 203 were from rural areas.All of them were diagnosed as stroke by Computed Tomography(CT) or Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).About 70% of them had their first episode of stroke and were in their first year of stroke episode.Results:The screening positive rate of depressive disorder in stroke patients was 26.2%,and the positive rate of diagnosis was 5.4%.The positive rates of diagnosis in minority nationalities(15.0% vs.3.1%),rural dwellers(8.2% vs.1.7%) and manual workers(7.8% vs.2.3%) were higher than Han nationality,urban dwellers and non-manual workers,respectively(Ps<0.05).Conclusion:In this study,the prevalence of depressive disorder in stroke patients in hospital is 5.4%.It is 15.0% in minority nationalities,which is higher than in Han nationality.The risk of depressive disorder in stroke patients may be associated with nationality,residence and occupation.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ziprasidone and risperidone in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia.Methods:A randomized,double-blind,controlled,multi-centre clinical trial was conducted.All subjects(n=239) received treatment for 6 weeks with either ziprasidone(n=119,the average dosages was 118.5mg·d-1) or risperidone(n=121,the average dosage was 3.8mg·d-1).The main efficacy measures were the changes in total score of the PANSS and response rate(the PANSS reduced rate ≥50% was defined as clinical response).Results:The mean reductions in score of PANSS were 35.6 in ziprasidone and 37.1 in risperidone at the endpoint of treatment,the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.454).The clinical response rates were 64.4%(ziprasidone) and 71.9%(risperidone),and there were no statistically significant differences in both groups(P=0.226).The incidence of adverse events were 86% and 80%,respectively,in ziprasidone and risperidone groups(P0.05).However,ziprasidone showed lower weight gain and serum prolactin level(P0.05) as compared with risperidone.Conclusion:Ziprasidone and risperidone have similar therapeutic effects and cause similar adverse events in the treatment of patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia,but ziprasidone causes lower weight gain and less influence on serum prolactin level.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a social skills training program in children with child behavior disorders.METHODS:A total of 441 children, aged 7-13 years old, from 6 centers were randomized into intervention (n = 216) and waitlist group (n = 225). The social skills training program was offered to the intervention group 1 hour weekly for totally 12 weeks. The Rutter Parent & Teacher Scale and Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used at baseline and completion of intervention.RESULTS:Change of total score, neurotic factor score and antisocial factor score of Rutter Parent Scale in the intervention group was significantly larger than that in the waitlist group (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.000). The clinical cure rate of the intervention group (47.69%) was significantly higher than that of the waitlist group (24.89%) after intervention (chi(2) = 24.84, P = 0.000). Change of total score, neurotic factor score and antisocial factor score of Rutter Teacher Scale in the intervention group was significantly larger than that in the waitlist group (P = 0.000, P = 0.003, P = 0.002). The clinical cure rate of the intervention group (56.02%) was significantly higher than that of the waitlist group (38.22%) after intervention (chi(2) = 14.01, P = 0.000). The total score, somatic complaint score and delinquent score of Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) of the intervention group decreased significantly than that of the waitlist group after intervention (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.002) with the exception of aggressive behavior score (P = 0.078). The difference and decrease rate of total score, somatic complaint score, delinquent score and aggressive behavior score of intervention group were significantly higher than that of the waitlist group after intervention (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.006, P = 0.015, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.012).CONCLUSION:This study provides supports for the use of social skills training program to improve children's behavior problems in both family and school settings.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of a social skills training program in children with child behavior disorders. Methods A total of 441 children, aged 7-13 years old, from 6 centers were randomized into intervention (n =216) and waitlist group (n =225). The social skills training program was offered to the intervention group 1 hour weekly for totally 12 weeks. The Rutter Parent & Teacher Scale and Achen-bach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) were used at baseline and completion of intervention. Results Change of total score, neurotic factor score and antisocial factor score of Rutter Parent Scale in the intervention group was significantly larger than that in the waitlist group(P =0.000, P =0.000, P =0.000). The clinical cure rate of the intervention group (47.69%) was significantly higher than that of the waitlist group (24.89%) after intervention (χ2= 24.84, P = 0.000). Change of total score, neurotic factor score and antisocial factor score of Rutter Teacher Scale in the intervention group was significantly larger than that in the waitlist group (P = 0.000, P = 0.003, P = 0.002). The clinical cure rate of the intervention group (56.02%) was significantly higher than that of the waitlist group (38.22%) after intervention (χ2= 14.01, P =0.000). The total score, somatic complaint score and delinquent score of Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) of the intervention group decreased significantly than that of the waithst group after intervention (P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P = 0.002) with the exception of aggressive behavior score (P = 0. 078). The difference and decrease rate of total score, somatic complaint score, delinquent score and aggressive behavior score of intervention group were significantly higher than that of the waitlist group after intervention(P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P =0.006, P = 0.015, P = 0.000, P = 0.000, P =0.000, P = 0.012). Conclusion This study provides supports for the use of social skills training program to improve children's behavior problems in both family and school settings. Key words: Child behavior;  Interpersonal relationship;  Intervention study;  Randomized controlled trial;  Social skills training

Objective To explore the effectiveness and acceptability of social skills training for children with behavior problems,and to provide basis for intervention.Methods 150 children with behavior problems were screened from psychotic centers.Social skill training was given to the children.The trainer observed the scene and conducted group discussions with children and their parents.And then noted children's experience.Results 82.7% parents reflected that children's behavior problems had improved obviously,17.3% thought it had no improvement.Both parents and children accepted and welcame this intervention way.The difference of children's Rutter questionnaire scores before and after training was significant(P0.01).Conclusion Social skill training is helpful and acceptable in improving behavior problems of behavior disorder children and has potential to be spread.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of social skills training for 50 children aged 7 to 14 with child behavior disorders, as compared with 51 children on a waiting-list to be treated. METHODS:A total of 101 children with behavior disorders were selected as the sample. Fifty were randomly assigned in the intervention group, who received 12 weeks of social skills training by health education teachers, and the other 51 children were in the control group who received social skills training after 12 weeks. The Rutter parent and Teacher Scale and CBCL (achenbach child behavior checklist) were used to evaluate the effect before and after intervention. RESULTS:Before intervention, the total scores, A (antisocial/disobey behavior)and N (neurosis behavior ) scores of the Rutter parent Scale were of no difference. After intervention, the total subtraction scores(4.10+/-3.21),A subtraction scores(1.10+/-1.37)and N subtraction scores(1.32+/-0.91)in the intervention group improved significantly(P<0.05-0.001), the recovery rate by clinical evaluation was 34%. After intervention, the total subtraction scores(2.50+/-1.96), A subtraction scores(0.74+/-1.10)and N subtraction scores(0.96+/-0.95) of the Rutter Teacher Scale in the intervention group improved significantly(P<0.01), the recovery rate by clinical evaluation was 58%. After intervention, the total subtraction scores(5.44+/-3.98), somatization subtraction scores(1.10+/-1.27), disobey subtraction scores(1.36+/-1.35) of CBCL in the intervention group improved significantly(P<0.01). The effective rate by clinical evaluation was 54%. The intervention way was accepted by children and their parents. CONCLUSION:Social skills training is acceptable and is helpful in improving psychosocial competence for children with behavior problems.

Objective: Previous studies have reported genetic linkage evidence for a candidate gene of schizophrenia on chromosome 22q11. Recently, the proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) gene, located in the most centromeric part of the 22q11 microdeletion region, has been reported to be strongly associated with schizophrenia from three sets of independent samples and the most significant evidence for association was derived from a single nucleotide polymorphism-PRODH(superscript *)1945(T/C). In the present study, we proposed to explore the association of PRODH(superscript *)1945(T/C) polymorphism with schizophrenia and age of onset in Chinese Han population. Methods: Using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), we examined the genotypes of 330 schizophrenic patients and 344 healthy controls. Deviation of the genotype counts from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested by using a chi-square goodness-of-fit test, With the chi-square tests, the frequencies of genotypes and alleles of this polymorphism were compared between the case and control groups. Then the age of schizophrenic patients at onset were compared between carriers with C and T alleles by using the t-test. Results: Genotype frequencies of the PRODH(superscript *)1945(T/C) in schizophrenia and healthy control groups did not show significant deviations from Hardy□Weinberg equilibrium. Compared with the healthy control group, the schizophrenic patients showed significant difference in frequencies of genotypes (x^2=8.171, df=2, p=0.016) or alleles (C＞T, x^2=5.249, df=1, p=0.021, OR=1.37, 95%CI: 0.56-0.96) of PRODH(superscript *)1945(T/C). The age of schizophrenic patients at onset with risk allele C carriers were significantly lower than those with T allele (CC+CT: 20.43±4.71yrs, TT: 22.57±5.23yrs, t=2.173, p=0.045). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the 1945 (T/C) polymorphism of the proline dehydrogenase gene is likely to play a major role in the susceptibility to schizophrenia and may influence the age of onset in Chinese Han population.

Objective: To develop the method of social skills training and to evaluate its effect on children with behavior problems Method:30 children with behavior problems were treated by social skills training for 8 weeks The Rutter Scale, Conners Parent Rating Scale and CBCL (Achenbach child behavior checklist) were used to evaluate the effect before and after intervention Result:: After intervention, the total scores, A and N scores of the Rutter Scale decreased significantly The total and most factor scores of Conners Parent Rating Scale significantly lower than that before intervention A factor score of CBCL decreased significantly It was also shown effective by clinical evaluation The intervention way was accepted by children and their parents Conclusion: Social skills training according to Chinese culture is acceptable and effective for children with behavior problems

AIM:To explore the difference of exploratory eye tracking movement(EETM) among patients with schizophrenia,affective disorder and normal controls,and its clinical significance in psychological medicine. METHODS:A total of 498 patients with schizophrenia and 110 with affective disorders,who were in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of the tenth edition of International Classification of Diseases(ICD) and the second edition of Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders(revised),and 81 normal controls received examinations by using the eye tracking movement labeling recorder(MODEL Ⅳ,provided by Japan).The results of discriminant analysis(D score=10.265-0.065×point of eyeball fixation+0.871×reactive exploratory score) were used to analyze their sensitivity and validity to D scores.Patients with positive score of DA were diagnosed to have schizophrenia,and those with negative scores had no schizophrenia.The differences of EETM among the patients with schizophrenia,affective disorder and the normal controls were compared. RESULTS:Among the 498 patients with schizophrenia,386 cases had positive score and 112 cases had negative score respectively and the sensitivity of schizophrenia to the D score was 77.5%.There were insignificant differences in the indexes of EETM between the positive and negative symptoms in the patients with schizophrenia(t=0.08 to 1.36,P 0.05).Among the 110 patients with affective disorder,70 cases had positive score and 40 cases had negative score,and the specialty of affective disorder to the D score was 36.4%.Seven cases had positive score and 74 cases with negative score in the 81 cases of the normal control group,and its specialty to the D score was 91.4%.The indexes of EETM in the normal control group had very significant differences from those in the schizophrenia group and affective disorder group(t=3.31 to 17.00,P 0.01). CONCLUSION:The EETM for schizophrenia had higher sensitivity,and were not affected by the different symptoms of schizophrenia.EETM is important in the assistant diagnosis for schizophrenia.