In line with Pollitt's call to clarify convergence in public management reforms, this research explores the decisional convergence in the context of performance budgeting reforms. Applying longer, deeper and comparative approaches, this research analyzes decades of experiences and comprehensive performance budgeting written foundations between two countries under the same framework. We found convergence of reform direction and transferability of key dimensions of reform. However, the important decisional divergences lie in evolution paths, reform speeds and the uneven, and sometimes surprisingly differential specifications of measurement, integration, accountability, and culture in performance budgeting foundations between the two countries. Adaptations and aspirations as sources of divergence, theoretical implications of T-form reform, and implications for generally accepted performance principles are explored.

Adjusting the relationship between central and local financial power and improving the efficiency of local fiscal expenditure are not only important means to alleviate local debt risks and improve local governance methods,but also an important part of the deepening fiscal-system reform for national governance modernization.Starting from clarifying the theoretical logic of how vertical fiscal imbalance affects the efficiency of local fiscal expenditure and how fiscal transparency regulates this relationship,this paper conducts an empirical analysis based on panel data of Chinese provincial governments in the period of 2010-2019.The research shows that the current fiscal vertical imbalance promotes the efficiency of fiscal expenditure to a certain extent,though with regional differences,and fiscal transpar-ency can positively adjust the impact of the degree of fiscal vertical imbalance on the efficiency of fiscal expenditure.Therefore,the effi-ciency of local fiscal expenditure should be improved by tightening budget management system,strengthening public supervision and in-formation disclosure,and adjusting the incentive mechanism of local officials.

2022年年底,县级政府需要基本建成全方位、全过程、全覆盖的"三全"预算绩效管理体系.如何有效驱动县级政府预算绩效管理改革是实践界和学术界共同关注的问题.笔者基于TOE模型建立了基层政府预算绩效管理改革影响因素研究框架,运用定性比较分析,选取38个县级政府,探究技术、组织和环境因素驱动县级政府预算绩效管理改革产生良好成效的组合路径.研究发现:(1)单一因素并不能构成良好改革成效产生的必要条件;(2)"组织-环境驱动型"和"技术-环境驱动型"两种组合路径都能产生良好的改革成效,呈现了"殊途同归"的特征;(3)环境因素在两条组合路径中都发挥了重要支撑作用,组织因素与技术因素之间在一定程度上具有替代关系.

This paper studies how the digital transformation affects the monetary policy on the risk-taking mechanism of banks. It is found that moderately loose price-based and quantitative-based monetary policies can expand bank risk-taking, and the digital transformation weakens the monetary policy's regulation mechanism on bank risk, compared with city commercial banks, agricultural commercial bank and other small and medium-sized banks, state-owned, joint-stock and other large banks can more ease the impact of internet finance on the monetary policy control mechanism. The conclusion of this paper can provide reference for making macro-monetary policy and mitigating bank risk.

新一轮党和国家机构改革进一步优化了政府职责体系,如何在党的集中统一领导下实现部门之间协同高效成为新的研究课题.整体绩效观提供了部门协调与配合的基准,基于整体绩效观对政府职责体系进行调适是一种可行路径,即调整政府作为整体的边界并强化内部机构的职责集成,使政府建立有内部支撑的统一对外平台,进而形成整体绩效输出.为此,需要探索以绩效贡献率为导向的政府绩效评估新思路,在评估政府整体绩效和部门绩效的基础上,以绩效贡献率来衡量部门对于政府整体绩效提升的作用.在"以评促改"框架下强化部门的协同意识与行动,有助于逐步使政府整体绩效观从"形式"走向"实质".

公立医院如何在医保监管下实现高质量发展是当前医疗体制改革进程中的重要议题.基于新制度理论,运用"制度环境—组织合法性—行为响应"的分析框架对L市某三甲公立医院展开个案分析,聚焦医保监管与医院响应行为以及二者之间交互关系的研究,发现面对我国医保监管不断深化,公立医院积极响应监管,其监管行为包括执行政策与规范管理、对接内部绩效考核体系、传导问责压力、推进智能化与信息化管理等,不同响应行为背后是公立医院行政导向、专业导向及市场导向之间的互动交叠.具体而言,公立医院政策执行和费用控制的响应行为更注重对行政导向和专业导向合法性的认同;服务效率与医疗质量提升的响应行为更倾向对专业导向和市场导向合法性的追求.公立医院多重导向的交叠会导致医保监管政策的执行与医疗技术发展、医疗质量提升之间存在一定程度的张力和冲突,但仍然从不同维度体现了医疗服务的公益性.

We have studied the key mediating role of goal commitments to explore how Chinese public hospitals undertake and effectively transmit medical insurance regulatory pressures.Using a full sample data of 35 tertiary public hospitals in G Province, this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between medical insurance regulatory pressures, goal commitments, policy perceptions, team conflicts, and the operational performance of Chinese public hospitals. The results show that:（1） medical insurance regulatory pressures have a positive impact on the operational performance of public hospitals;（2） goal commitments play a mediating role between medical insurance regulatory pressures and the operational performance of public hospitals;（3） the policy perception of the hospital management teams positively moderates the relationship between medical insurance regulatory pressures and goal commitments, while conflicts among the hospital management team negatively moderate the relationship between the medical insurance regulatory pressures and the goal commitments. First, based on the management practices of Chinese local public hospitals, this study supplements a research dimension on the interactions between medical insurance regulatory subjects and regulatory objects, and expands empirical research on the response policies of public organizations. Second, this paper extends the application of goal-setting theory in Chinese local public organizations, revealing the important mediating variables of the positive impact of medical insurance regulation on hospital performance. Third, this paper expands application of scenarios of higher order theory and cognitive behavioral theory to the study of Chinese public organizations and enriches the empirical experience from Chinese public hospitals.The empirical evidence in this paper contributes to the development of goal-setting theory, and has reference significance for public hospitals to improve their operational performance and actively respond to medical insurance regulations so as to make effective management decisions. However, there are several limitations to this study. First, the cross-sectional data in the sample and the time series analysis on the impact of regulatory pressures on the operational performance of public hospitals should also be explored. Second, the variables in this study, such as medical insurance regulatory pressures and target commitments, are measured by the management team, but it may be more accurate to measure them by policy texts and reports of internal meetings. Third, the sample size and the data acquisition in this study are limited, so obtaining sample data from more provinces may improve the reliability and validity of the study.

Public sector data opening has become an important development task in China,but whether it really promotes the interaction between the government and the public remains to be veri-fied.Therefore,this paper adopts survey experimental method to explore the influence of different ways of government presenting data(with and without visualization,with and without social com-parison)on public participation and government trust.The results show that the government adopts visualization and social comparison to display data respectively,which can promote public participa-tion in government activities and further enhance public trust in the government,but the inclusion of social comparative data does not moderate the relationship between visualized data and public partici-pation.Therefore,the study suggests that the government can present data by visualizing or adding social comparison respectively,to arouse public attention and interest in government data,and then strengthen public participation and trust.Overall,the article uses survey experiment research meth-ods to analyze micro-level government-public interaction and explore the causal mechanisms between data presentation,public participation,and government trust,which not only enriches micro-level research on government-public interaction but also expands the application of survey experiments in the field of behavioral public management in China.

Increasing desertification has been threatening the sustainable development of human society. Accordingly, the topic of desertification has garnered increasing attention in ecological development and environmental protection. Since the reform and opening-up (1978), China has been actively engaged in desertification control practices and has achieved remarkable results. However, studies have discussed China’s achievements in desertification control mainly from the perspective of natural science and science and technology. Studies conducting an in-depth analysis from the perspective of public management have been inadequate. This study considers collaborative governance in public management as a crucial theoretical tool to analyze collaborative governance in desertification control. Based on desertification control practices in China, an analysis framework was formed for collaborative desertification governance. The analysis framework encompasses the following four dimensions: (1)value, specifying the means to effectively achieve the value goal of collaboration; (2) institutions, identifying the measures to ensure the long-term operation of collaborative governance; (3) structure, identifying the specific relationship and content of collaboration; and (4) mechanisms, defining the practices for collaborative governance. In addition, the case of the Hobq Desert was considered to analyze the framework through the aforementioned four dimensions.

为了持续深化预算绩效管理改革,需进一步认识预算绩效管理的本质,探究影响预算绩效管理的关键因素.本文通过对中西方国家绩效预算和预算绩效的发展过程分析,明确中国的预算绩效管理本质上是一种政府管理工具,除了优化财政资源配置,更重要的目的是改善与提升政府治理方式和效能.由于预算绩效管理改革的系统性,本文基于"技术-组织-环境"(TOE)模型,构建了预算绩效管理改革影响因素框架(BPM-TOE),并以我国西部地区G省和Q省为例,分析了技术、组织和环境这三种关键因素对预算绩效管理改革的影响机理.BPM-TOE框架基本囊括了预算绩效管理改革的各种关键因素,但两省较少提及绩效评价方法和社会公众的影响.今后需重点关注预算绩效管理的改革效果如何衡量、各因素的影响程度如何判断、促进改革的长效机制有哪些以及如何发挥作用等问题.

预算绩效管理改革是一项包含了多主体、多关系和多任务的系统性工程,改革过程充满着长期性、复杂性和艰巨性.为了推动这项改革继续向纵深发展,本文结合已有理论和实践经验,从宏观视角对改革的驱动力和运作机理进行了整体性分析.研究发现,预算绩效管理改革不仅受到财政收支压力的内在驱动、适应市场发展与回应社会关切的外在驱动,还受到国家治理现代化的顶层驱动;改革需遵循权力与责任相匹配、预算与绩效一体化、部门机构协同联动、激励与问责相结合、技术与制度同变革的运作逻辑.最后,立足中国要建成"全方位、全过程、全覆盖"的预算绩效管理体系的现实任务,提出改革的关键路径应明确新时代的改革定位,聚焦预算与绩效一体化的改革重点、采用上下结合的改革方式,朝着建设人民满意政府的目标前进.

The government performance appraisal of public hospitals serves as an effective management tool to promote high-quality development. It is also an important means of realizing the “Healthy China” initiative. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, changes in performance appraisal have been divided into the following four periods: the early stage of performance appraisal (1949–1977), the exploration period (1978–2008), the development period (2009–2018), and the integration period (2019–present). This clarifies the regional practice of public hospital performance and identifies the institutional factors of the evolution. It also demonstrates that administrative forces, market-driving forces, and mission-driving forces combine to bring about change in the public hospital performance appraisal system. However, problems such as insufficient application of performance appraisal and coordination between health administrative departments and medical insurance departments still loom large.

快速伸缩复合训练是指那些能让肌肉在最短时间内达到最大力量的训练动作.通过对快速伸缩复合训练的力学原理和生理机制的系统研究,并结合网球技术动作的特点,对网球运动员下肢、上肢、躯干练习提出相应的练习对策,以提高运动员的竞技能力.

难度动作是构成竞技健美操成套动作的主体,又是整个成套动作的核心,既能衡量运动员的竞技水平,又决定着运动员的竞赛成绩.本文采用文献资料法、录像分析法、数据统计法、对比分析等方法,对2018年健美操世界锦标赛女子单人操决赛前八名成套动作中难度动作组别、数量、分值、完成率及难度组合进行比较分析.结果表明,C组难度在运用上已成为整个难度群的主体,高难度的动作分值在女子单人操项目中已经得到了普遍的运用且难度组合动作的运用上逐渐向3个难度动作相连接以及多组难度组合方向发展,有利于掌握女子单人操项目难度动作的发展趋势,为竞技健美操女子单人操难度编排创新提供可参考依据.

预算绩效管理改革是缓解财政收支矛盾、促进财政资金提质增效的重要手段之一.针对西北地区相比东部地区面临着更大的财政压力却呈现改革进程较慢的现象,运用扎根理论对西北地区两个省份的预算绩效管理实践情况展开研究,结合压力型体制、新制度主义和资源基础理论解析西北地区预算绩效管理改革的关键因素及影响机理.研究发现:西北地区预算绩效管理改革的影响因素由制度压力、组织资源、组织行为、组织能力和组织文化五个关键因素构成;制度压力和资源基础是影响改革绩效的核心因素,具体通过"制度—(文化—)行为—绩效"和"资源—能力(*文化)—绩效"两条路径分别或相互作用影响改革绩效;此外,假设面临中央层面的同等制度压力,西北地区相比东部地区改革较慢的重要原因可能在于资源供给和文化理念的差异.

在青少年生长发育过程中表现出好动、注意力集中比较难、兴趣容易转移等特点,为网球学习增加了一定的难度.因此根据青少年的心理特点制定训练方法才能使运动员的发球技术得到显著提高.网球比赛中发球成为了争夺每一分的开始,发球方的优势在于可以控制球的速度、旋转以及落点,如果在发球时能根据自己的想法将球发到自己想要的位置,对于自己来说无疑是一种优势,这就要求我们在发球训练中对发球落点有强大的准确性.本文运用文献资料法、实验法为青少年网球运动员发球技术设计并实施了设置目标物的训练方案,探究设置目标物对网球发球准确性的影响.具体内容:实验组和对照组同时进行6周的发球训练,并对训练提出要求,在要求相同的情况下实验组在训练时设置目标物,对照组不设置目标物.最后通过数理统计法将数据进行分析整理.得出结论:(1)青少年网球训练中无论是常规发球训练还是设置目标物进行发球训练均能在一定程度上提高发球的准确性;(2)网球发球技术训练中,相同的训练时间下设置目标物能更快提高发球准确性.并提出以下建议:(1)标志物价格低廉,建议教练员在网球发球技术训练时应摆放标志物以达到快速提高运动员发球准确性的目的;(2)在青少年发球训练时应结合运动员的身心发展情况来制定训练计划,使其注意力更加集中达到提高技术水平的目的.

通过发展家庭体育助力建设"健康中国",增强全民体质健康,提高免疫能力,预防疾病感染.围绕NCP(新型冠状肺炎)对家庭体育发展的影响,从"制动"、"驱动"和"操纵"三个方面展开研究.研究显示:疫情的突如其来对家庭体育的发展带来了驱动力,面对疫情之"危",转为家庭体育发展之"机".在人们居家体育锻炼的热潮下,从顶层设计出发,将颁布的政策落到实处、增加基础建设、加大体育与健康知识的宣传力度;从边缘改进出发,设立社区家庭体育比赛活动、以社区为单位传授健身功法将体医融合.以体育文化渗透的方式,潜移默化人们的体育参与行为,促进家庭体育的发展,实现体育强国建设的目标.

本文运用文献资料法、对比分析法、录像观察法对2020年ATP年终总决赛德约科维奇对战施瓦茨曼的比赛中的双方运动员基本技战术进行分析.归纳总结德约科维奇发球速度、角度的制胜技术特点及施瓦茨曼在身高劣势的情况下的发球技术特点.

从中央和省级政府的政策实践审视预算绩效管理改革过程与运作逻辑,是求解中国预算绩效管理改革困境和推动全面实施预算绩效管理的重要命题.笔者以中央和省级政府2003-2019年出台的预算绩效管理政策为分析样本,运用计算机文本分析技术定量识别我国预算绩效管理改革的外部表征与内涵指向.研究发现,中国预算绩效管理改革整体经历了政策低密期和政策高密期两个阶段,对应萌芽探索和试点推进到立体扩散与全面推进的变迁过程.同时,省级层面的政策实践与中央顶层设计保持了时间和内容上的双重趋同.政治势能的注入是影响预算绩效管理改革的重要变量和关键节点,在很大程度上催化了预算绩效管理改革的进程.压力型相似主义是中国预算绩效管理改革的执行逻辑,省级政府倾向于采纳与中央保持一致的政策精神与行动策略.从政策层面的高位推动走向法制化、从压力型相似主义走向实质性贯彻落实是推动预算绩效管理改革行稳致远的必然要求.

绩效管理的核心目的是改进绩效,而绩效损失这一分析视角业已成为审视绩效生产与绩效提升的一个重要维度.以G省农业水价综合改革政策为例,对"治理缺陷型"和"价值偏离型"两类绩效损失的生成机理与影响因素进行分析.研究发现:两类绩效损失是在公共政策组织管理系统和公共价值建构系统中交互形成的,其公共价值因素与组织管理因素相互影响,共同作用于整体绩效损失的生成;其中,社会价值建构缺失构成了整体绩效损失生成的逻辑起点.此外,在绩效损失的生成过程中,经济发展水平和自然区位要素与其他影响因素耦合互动,并对绩效损失产生"放大效应".未来应进一步开展相关的定量研究以探索绩效损失形成的关键区域,并提出具有针对性与可行性的矫正策略和治理路径.