Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with determinate inflorescence (DTI) exhibits desirable traits, including reduced plant height, enhanced lodging resistance, and consistent maturity, making them valuable breeding resources. DTI is modulated by BnaA10.TFL1 and BnaC09.TFL1 (BnaA10/C09.TFL1), which encode the TERMINAL FLOWER 1 protein, a key regulator of flowering time and meristem identity. However, the underlying functional and regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that variations in the promoter region of BnaA10/C09.TFL1, rather than the coding region, contributed to the transition from indeterminate inflorescence (IDTI) to DTI in B. napus. Specifically, BnaA10.SEP inhibited BnaA10/C09.TFL1 expression by binding to the GT1-motif in the promoter region of BnaA10/C09.TFL1 DTI , contributing to the IDTI phenotype under short-day conditions. Meanwhile, two novel DTI mutants were successfully generated through the simultaneous knockout of BnaA10/C09.TFL1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Furthermore, BnaA10/C09.TFL1 and its homolog BnaA02.FT interacted with BnaA07.14-3-3 instead of directly binding to BnaA08.FD to regulate the development of different inflorescence architectures. Overall, the BnaA10.SEP-BnaA10/C09.TFL1-BnaA07.14-3-3-BnaA08.FD module revealed a new mechanism for DTI formation and a promising strategy for modifying inflorescence architecture traits in B. napus.

Seed density per silique (SD) is an important agricultural trait and plays an important role in the yield performance of Brassica napus L. (B. napus). In this study, a genetic linkage map was constructed using a double haploid (DH) population with 213 lines derived from a cross between a low SD line No. 935 and a high SD line No. 3641, and a total of 1,098,259 SNP (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) markers and 2,102 bins were mapped to 19 linkage groups. Twenty-eight QTLs for SD were detected on chromosomes A02, A04, A05, A09, C02, C03, C06, and C09 of B. napus, of which eight QTLs were on chromosome A09 and explained 5.89%-13.24% of the phenotypic variation. Furthermore, a consistent QTL for SD on chromosome A09, cqSD-A9a, was identified in four environments by QTL meta-analysis, explaining 10.68% of the phenotypic variation. In addition, four pairs of epistatic interactions were detected in the DH population via QTL epistasis analysis, indicating that SD is controlled not only by additive effects but also by epistatic effects that play an important role in spring B. napus., but with little environmental effect. Moreover, 18 closely linked SSR markers for cqSD-A9a were developed, as a result, it was mapped to a 1.86Mb (7.80-9.66 Mb) region on chromosome A09. A total of 13 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in the candidate interval by RNA-seq analysis, which were differentially expressed in buds, leaves and siliques both between and siliques both between two parents and two pools of extremely high-SD and low-SD lines in the DH population. Three of 13 DEGs were possible candidate genes that might control SD: BnaA09g14070D, which encodes a callose synthase that plays an important role in development and stress responses; BnaA09g14800D, a plant synaptic protein that encodes a membrane component; and BnaA09g18250D, which is responsible for DNA binding, transcriptional regulation, and sequence-specific DNA binding and is involved in the response to growth hormone stimulation. Overall, these results lay a foundation for fine mapping and gene cloning for SD in B. napus.

本研究前期以中双11(ZS11)作母本、QU作父本通过小孢子培养构建了一个包含282个株系的DH群体,并通过两环境表型考察及DH基因型分型,对甘蓝型油菜叶片叶绿素含量(SPAD值)进行分析和定位,在A2染色体21.87～22.91 Mb区间获得一个主效QTL,为了进一步明确甘蓝型油菜叶绿素含量与产量的关系,通过分子标记和KASP技术以ZS11作轮回亲本构建了叶绿素主效QTL单位点的近等基因系群体,基于DH群体和单位点近等基因系群体为研究材料,对苗期叶片叶绿素含量和产量性状的相关性进行了分析.结果表明:在西宁和互助两个环境中,DH群体叶片SPAD值呈正态分布,双亲SPAD值呈极显著差异,F1的SPAD值呈偏高值分布,表明该性状为部分显性,且不同环境条件下,同一群体叶绿素的含量不同,高海拔和低温条件下SPAD偏高;在一定范围内,叶绿素SPAD值与单株产量正相关,且相关系数随样本量的减少而增加;单株产量在两组不同基因型近等基因系中均存在极显著性差异(P<0.01).根据遗传连锁图置信区间,开发了2个多态性较好的共显性InDel标记和基于KASP技术的6个分型较好的SNP标记作为分子标记辅助选择育种筛选的候选标记.本研究为油菜高叶绿素性状的分子标记辅助选择提供了标记基础,为高光效新品种的选择提供了理论依据.

本文对科技人才分类进行研究,根据青海农科院科技人才所从事的工作性质和岗位,将科技人才分为基础研究人才、应用研究人才、技术转化人才以及技术支撑人才,对四种科技人才的特点进行分析;结合人才发展实际情况,对四类人才的评价方法指标分别进行阐述.

以旱作敏感型品种大西洋和耐旱型品种陇薯6号为亲本构建的F1分离群体为材料,采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对其单株结薯数、单株块茎重、株高、茎粗等4个性状进行遗传模型分析.结果表明,4个性状的最适遗传模型均为2 MG-AD,受2对主基因+加性-显性多基因控制,4个性状的主基因的遗传率在16.02％～96.11％之间.

春小麦的苗期生长受到干旱的严重影响,进而影响其产量和品质.为了明确响应干旱胁迫的关键表达基因,本研究以PEG胁迫和相应对照春小麦苗期叶片为材料构建转录组测序文库,利用IlluminaHiSeq?2000进行测序,采用FPKM法计算基因表达量,对差异表达基因进行功能分类和KEGG通路分析.结果表明,样品测序均得到6.4G以上的碱基,每组样品Q30碱基百分比均大于88.73％.最终结果筛选到差异表达基因1217个,其中410个上调表达基因,807个下调表达基因,显著富集到谷胱甘肽和苯丙烷类等代谢途径.本研究结果为小麦等作物抗旱基因的挖掘和功能研究奠定了良好的基础.

Background Chlorophyll is the most important factor enabling plants to absorb, transfer and transform light energy and plays an important role in yield formation. Brassica napus is one of the most important oil crops. Breeding Brassica napus for high light efficiency by improving photosynthetic efficiency has considerable social and economic value. In Brassica napus , there have been studies of the initial location of chlorophyll in seed embryos and pericarps, but there are few reports on the fine mapping of chlorophyll QTLs. We constructed near-isogenic lines (NIL), fine-mapped a chlorophyll locus, and evaluated the effect of this dominant locus on agronomic traits. Results The cqSPDA2 locus was mapped to an interval of 21.87-22. 91 Mb on the chromosome A02 of Brassica napus using doubled haploid (DH) lines. To fine-map cqSPDA2 , we built NIL and designed Indel primers covering the mapping interval. The 469 individuals in the BC 3 F 2 population were analyzed using these indel primers. Among the indel primers, 15 could narrow the mapping interval to 188 kb between Indel3 and Indel15. Next, 16 indel primers and 19 SSR primers were designed within the new narrower mapping interval , and 5 of the primer-amplified fragments were found to be polymorphic and tightly linked to the cqSPDA2 locus in the BC 4 F 2 population. The mapping interval was narrowed to 152 kb on A02 between SSR2 and Indel15. By gene expression analysis, we found three annotated genes in the mapping interval, including BnaA02g30260D , BnaA02g30290D and BnaA02g30310D , which may be responsible for chlorophyll synthesis. Conclusions The locus cqSPDA2 , a dominant QTL for chlorophyll content in Brassica napus , was fine-mapped to a 21.89-22.04 Mb interval on A02 . Three annotated genes ( BnaA02g30260D , BnaA02g30290D and BnaA02g30310D ) that may be responsible for chlorophyll synthesis were found.

本文主要介绍了极早熟粮用玉米品种克玉17的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现、栽培技术等,旨在为该品种的生产推广提供可靠的技术支撑.

叶绿素含量属于数量性状,利用QTL定位是对其性状进行分析的重要方法之一,有利于加快作物高光效育种进程.本文综述了QTL研究的主要策略和近年来叶绿素含量初步定位和精细定位工作研究进展以及存在的问题,并对未来的研究方向提出建议,以期为今后深入开展叶绿素QTL定位研究及相关基因克隆研究和利用提供参考.

Colored hulless barley are more suitable in food processing compared to normal (yellow) varieties because it is rich in bioactive compounds and produces higher extraction pearling fractions. Therefore, seed coat color is an important agronomic trait for the breeding and study of hulless barley.

本文主要介绍了早熟粮用玉米品种克单14的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现、栽培技术等,旨在为该品种的生产推广提供可靠的技术支撑.

以抗旱性较强的青薯9号马铃薯为试验材料,应用蛋白质组学研究技术,分析了3个不同时期的蛋白质组变化,共发现27个差异蛋白.通过MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS质谱分析和蛋白质数据库检索,共鉴定出26个差异蛋白,这些差异蛋白与光合作用、能量物质代谢和抗氧化作用等生理过程密切相关,可能参与了马铃薯的抗旱过程.

本文主要介绍了青贮饲用玉米品种纪元8号的选育经过、特征特性、产量表现、栽培技术等,旨在为该品种的生产推广提供可靠的技术支撑.

青海柴达木灌区是我国春小麦的典型高产区,针对近年来在该地区实现小麦产量突破难度不断增加和产量挖潜途径不明确的现实问题,通过对高产创建田3年18点次高产(830kg/666.7m2及以上)群体产量构成因素分析的基础上,探讨不同播量(密度)水平下高产(830kg/666.7m2及以上)群体的产量性能,以便明确实现产量突破的途径和产量挖潜的主攻方向.结果表明,在青海柴达木灌区,决定高产群体产量的主要因素为穗数和千粒重,能稳定实现产量在830kg/666.7m2以上的合理群体产量结构为穗数47.1～50.7万,穗粒数38.2～40.5粒,千粒重44.4～48.2g.

水分是作物生长发育的必要条件之一,也是限制作物生产力的一个关键生态因素.不同基因型小麦在不同生育阶段对干旱的适应和抵抗能力都是有差异的.为了研究春小麦苗期干旱胁迫及复水条件下的生理特性,本研究选用青海省旱地主栽品种阿勃和水地主栽品种青春38,在人工气候箱里进行不同浓度的PEG6000胁迫及复水试验,研究不同干旱胁迫程度及时间下两品种的丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量及叶片相对含水量的变化规律.结果表明:-0.5 MPa PEG6000浓度对两品种春小麦丙二醛、脯氨酸及叶片相对含水量影响不大;在-1.0 MPa和-1.5 MPa PEG6000浓度下,两品种的丙二醛、脯氨酸含量都随着干旱胁迫时间的逐渐延长和胁迫强度的逐渐增加而增加,而在恢复正常供水以后,各项值又出现了降低,叶片相对含水量随着干旱胁迫时间的逐渐延长和胁迫强度的逐渐增加而降低,复水后回升.

To develop a system for two-dimensional electrophresis(2-DE) of grain protein extracted from spring wheat, two protein extraction methods commonly used for plant tissues were compared. The pH range, the loading quantity of sample and the gel concentrations were optimized in the 2-DE system for the grains from Qingchun 38. The samples prepared by TCA/acetone precipitation yielded better quality 2-DE map than by phenol extraction method. The condition of 17-cm IPG with pH 5-8, 380 μg loading quantity of protein and 12% SDS-PAGE gel gave rich protein spots in the 2-DE map.

Although the overwintering rates of winter wheat have risen greatly in Qinghai plateau with global warming,we have higher requirements to the adaptability of winter wheat because of the obvious distribution changes in vertical of Qinghai plateau and complicated variety of ecological types.We researched density and productive adaptability,determining the highest latitudes and technology of high-yield cultivation in different ecology regions from 2009 to 2010 in order to make it clear the suitable planted areas of winter wheat and sustainable and expanding the planting of winter wheat in alpine areas.The results showed the tests had good adaptability with average yields of 8 433.0kg/hm2 in two years,which was 10.2％ higher than that of contrast in the density test; also with average yield of 9 048.0kg/hm2 in two years,which was 25.8％ higher than that of contrast in production tests.The highest planting altitude was 2 557.0 ～ 2 740.0m and the sowing quantity in different ecoregion was 225.0 ～ 262.5kg/hm2.The most optimal agronomic techniques with production more than 6 750.0kg/hm2 was 225.0 ～ 375.0kg/hm2 urea,1 500.0 ～ 2 700.0kg/hm2 superphosphate and 225.0 ～ 300.0kg/hm2 sowing quantity.

The SSR was used to study the genetic diversity of 20 potato cultivars in Qinghai Province.The result showed that 136 bands were amplified,with a mean of 13.5,among them 130 bands were polymorphic,the ratio of polymorphism was as high as 95.59%.The polymorphic information content values(PIC) ranged from 0.225 6 to 0.948 4,with a mean of 0.768 3.The fragment size varied from 100 to 300 bp.The UPGMA(unweighted pair group method arithmetic averages) analysis based on SSR data showed that all accessions can be classified into five groups at 0.61 similarity level,which indicated that the hereditary basis of 20 tested potato varieties was narrow,and the cluster analysis result was in good accordance with source of tested varieties.

Drought is an abiotic stress that strongly influences plant growth, development and productivity. To understand the drought tolerance mechanism at the protein level in wheat, a differential proteomics study was carried out on young spring wheat leaves of different genotypes in PEG-stressed and rewatered, using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). A 2-DE pattern with high resolution and good reproducibility was obtained after staining with Coomassie brilliant blue G-250. Using PDQuest software, 600 protein spots were clearly identified from the treatment and control groups with isoelectric points ranging from 4.0 to 7.0. Thirty-eight differentially expressed protein spots were MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS fingerprinted using 2-DE gel and 35 spots were identified by search through the NCBInr database using Mascot software. Of 35 proteins, twenty-one proteins changed in abundance after PEG stress, with 15 proteins up-regulated, whereas 6 proteins down-regulated. Twenty four hour after rewatering, there were 5 proteins up-regulated and 9 proteins down-regulated compared to the well-watered control. Twenty-two differentially expressed proteins were detected in Qingchun 38 and 13 proteins in Abbondanza. They were involved in photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis, energy pathway, carbon metabolism, cell defense, oxidation reduction, transportation and signal transduction. Our proteomics results suggested that drought stress significantly affects wheat photosynthesis.

10%PEG was used to assess the effects of stress on morphology 、relative permeability of plasma and osmoregulatory molecules in both leaves and roots of seedlings of Abbon,huzhuhong,humai11,tongmai1 and tongmai2.Relative germination rate 、coleoptiles length,root length,root number of 5 varieties declined,and tongmai2 was lowest.The losing water rate of the treated were remarkable lower than that of the control group,and tongmai2 was the lowest and humai11 was the highest.Electrolyte leakage rate of he treated were remarkable higher than that of the control group,and tongmai2 was the highest,humai11 was the lowest.Through comprehensive analysis of these physiological and biochemical characters,it concluded that the drought resistance of tongmai2 was the highest.