Cohort studies have suggested that breast-conserving therapy (BCT) offers better survival outcomes compared to mastectomy in patients with early breast cancer (BC). However, survival comparisons between BCT and mastectomy with breast reconstruction (Mastectomy + BR) are lacking. To investigate this, we conducted a cohort study using data from the SEER database. Patients with first-diagnosed locoregional BC between 2010 and 2016 were included and categorized into BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to reduce selection bias. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the groups. After PSM, 56,420 patients were matched (1:1) into the BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups. No significant differences in BCSS or OS were observed between the two matched groups overall. However, subgroup analyses based on tumor size and nodal status showed that, among patients with node-negative and tumors ≤ 5 cm, Mastectomy + BR was associated with decreased BCSS compared to BCT (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.49, P = 0.03). Inferior BCSS for Mastectomy + BR was also observed in tumors located in the upper-outer quadrant (HR  1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.20, P = 0.02), nipple & central area (HR 4.98, 95% CI 1.44-17.21, P = 0.01), and in triple-negative BC (HR  1.45, 95% CI 1.07-1.98, P = 0.02). Additionally, in triple-negative BC, Mastectomy + BR was associated with worse OS (HR  1.33, 95% CI 1.00-1.76, P = 0.048). For patients with node-positive or tumors > 5 cm, no significant differences in BCSS or OS were found between the BCT and Mastectomy + BR groups, except in the HER2-enriched subtype, where Mastectomy + BR was associated with improved BCSS (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22-0.85, P = 0.015) and a marginal better OS (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.29-1.01, P = 0.055). This study suggests that, except for the HER2-enriched subtype, BCT remains an equivalent or, in specific clinical scenarios, a superior alternative to Mastectomy + BR for the treatment of breast cancer.

Background This study investigated the clinicopathological differences among breast cancer patients with distinct hepatitis B virus serological profiles.Methods Data were collected from 5004 female patients newly diagnosed with breast cancer at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2012 and 2020. A comparative analysis was conducted to determine intergroup differences in clinicopathological characteristics among breast cancer patients with distinct hepatitis B virus serological profiles.Results Of the 5004 patients, 8.0% were infected with hepatitis B virus, 55.6% had prior hepatitis B virus infection, and 13.8% were positive only for hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb). Hepatitis B virus-infected patients demonstrated a higher incidence of liver enzyme abnormalities (14.1%) and a lower incidence of Ki67 >= 20% (54.2%) than HBsAb(+) patients (61.0%). HBsAb(+) patients showed lower progesterone receptor and hormone receptor positivity than hepatitis B virus-negative patients (51.7% vs. 57.2% and 65.5% vs. 70.4%, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated that hepatitis B virus-infected patients had a higher incidence of liver dysfunction (odds ratio: 1.535) but a lower incidence of Ki67 >= 20% (odds ratio: 0.777). Patients with hepatitis B virus infection had lower hormone receptor (odds ratio: 0.829) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (odds ratio: 0.788) positivity.Conclusions The hepatitis B virus serological status influences the clinicopathological features of breast cancer, particularly Ki67, hormone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. Routine hepatitis B virus screening and monitoring are crucial during breast cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy.

Bone health problem is one of the important concomitant diseases of breast cancer (BC). This study aimed to investigate the bone health status of newly diagnosed female BC patients in China. A total of 636 newly diagnosed female BC patients and 268 women undergoing routine physical examinations (control group) were included. Bone mineral density and bone metabolism parameters were assessed. The association between BC and abnormal bone mass (ABM) was analyzed by logistic regression. We found that approximately 15.3% of BC patients presented with hypocalcemia after albumin adjustment. 25-OHVitD deficiency or insufficiency was observed in 92.3% of BC patients. ABM was identified in 63.2% of BC patients, comprising 36.4% with osteopenia and 26.8% with osteoporosis. ABM prevalence was significantly higher in BC patients under 40 years old (40.8%) compared to 8% in the age-matched control group. The severity of bone loss correlated with elevated bone turnover markers. Logistic regression analysis showed that a 5.5-fold and 3.4-fold increased risk of ABM and osteoporosis, respectively, in newly diagnosed BC patients versus the control group. All BC subtypes were associated with a markedly higher risk of ABM. Young BC patients (< 45 years) exhibited a nearly 9-fold higher risk of ABM compared to their age-matched counterparts. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, osteopenia, and osteoporosis were highly prevalent among newly diagnosed female BC patients. Regardless of age and BC subtype, BC patients face a higher risk of ABM compared to those physical examination women, especially among the young.

Descriptions of the effect of chemotherapy on all the electrocardiographic parameters in breast cancer women during chemotherapy are limited. A retrospective and within-subject longitudinal study of the effect of chemotherapeutics and different chemotherapeutic regimens on electrocardiographic parameters was conducted in 948 breast cancer women who had completed chemotherapy with ECG recording at initial diagnosis and before each cycle of chemotherpy. Heart rate (HR), QRS interval, P-R interval, QRS axis, QT interval, QTc interval, and the incidence of QTc interval prolongation were analyzed. Age, body mass index (BMI), history of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease were also collected for further stratified study. Compared to initial diagnosis, changes in HR [74 (67, 82) bpm vs. 79 (73, 87)bpm], P-R interval [148 (136, 160) ms vs. 150 (138, 162) ms], QRS axis [41° (19.25°°, 60°) vs. 33° (15°, 53.75°)], QT interval [376 (358, 394) ms vs. 372 (354, 386) ms], QTc interval [417 (404, 431) ms vs. 426 (414, 436) ms], and incidence of QTc interval prolongation (9.6

The correlation between breast cancer and hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains inconclusive. This study aims to explore the serological status of HBV infection and past infection in different age groups of female breast cancer patients, patients with benign breast diseases, and individuals undergoing routine physical examinations. Serum data on HBV serological markers were collected and analyzed from 6072 female breast cancer patients first diagnosed from September 2012 to July 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, along with 4019 women with benign breast diseases and 54,740 healthy females undergoing routine physical examinations in the same period. The data were stratified by age for comparison between groups. The prevalence of HBV infection and past infection in the breast cancer group (7.9

Association between breast cancer (BC) and thyroid nodules (TNs) is still unclear. This research was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of TN in Chinese BC women at initial diagnosis. 1731 Chinese early-stage BC women at initial diagnosis underwent thyroid ultrasound and 1:1 age-matched Chinese healthy women underwent health examination in corresponding period were enrolled for analysis. Prevalence of TN and TI-RADS ≥ 4 TN in BC patients (56.27

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and also shares similar risk factors with fatty liver, especially metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Chemotherapy can lead to hepatic impairment and hepatic steatosis (HS), which seriously affects the treatment and quality of life of breast cancer women (BCW). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the incidences of HS and MAFLD based on liver ultrasound elastography (USE), liver function abnormalities, and metabolic syndrome in Chinese BCW in the initially diagnosed, during chemotherapy and follow-up stages. Methods A total of 767 BCW treated at Chongqing Breast Cancer Centre were finally enrolled and classified into initially diagnosed group, chemotherapy group, and the follow-up group. The related conditions of HS and MAFLD as well as liver function abnormalities and metabolic syndrome were assessed by liver conventional ultrasound (US) or USE in all groups. Results Compare to US-diagnosed HS (21.7%, 36.7%, 38%), higher incidence of HS (60.4%, 78.6%, 68.0%) were detected by USE in the initially diagnosed, chemotherapy and follow-up groups. 50–70% of US-negative patients were detected by USE as having a fatty liver, which was predominantly mild to moderate. Based on the USE diagnosis, there was a higher prevalence of MAFLD in the initially diagnosed group (49.8%), which increased to 68.1% in the chemotherapy group and decreased in the follow-up group (59.1%), with a predominantly decrease of mild-to-moderate cases. BMI and age subgroups showed a higher incidence of MAFLD in patients with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 or age ≥ 60 years old. In addition, BCW combined with MAFLD had a higher incidence of liver function abnormalities and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Patients treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer have a higher incidence of HS and MAFLD, especially overweight or obese and menopausal patients. Breast cancer patients with combined MAFLD have higher rates of liver function abnormalities and metabolic syndrome. USE has a higher sensitivity than US and can detect more patients with mild to moderate fatty liver disease, enabling early intervention.

Purpose:Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is widely used in diabetes management and now recommended for diagnosis and risk assessment. Our research focused on investigating the optimal cutoff points of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes in Chinese breast cancer women, aiming to enhance early detection and tailor treatment strategies.Patients and Methods:This study involved 309 breast cancer women without diabetes history in China. Patients were categorized into groups of newly diagnosed diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to the 2010 ADA criteria. HbA1c data were collected from all patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the effectiveness of the HbA1c screening.Results:Among the 309 breast cancer women without diabetes history, 96 (31.0%) were identified with diabetes and 130 (42.1%) had prediabetes according to OGTT, and the incidence of normal glucose tolerance was only 26.9% (83). ROC curve analysis, using OGTT as a reference, revealed that the area under the curve of 0.903 (P<0.001, 95% CI, 0.867-0.938) for HbA1c alone, indicating high accuracy. The optimal HbA1c cutoff for identifying diabetes was determined to be 6.0%, with a sensitivity of 78.1% and specificity of 86.4%. For prediabetes, the ROC curve for HbA1c alone showed that the area under the ROC curve of 0.703 (P<0.001, 95% CI, 0.632-0.774), with an optimal cutoff of 5.5% (sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 51.8%).Conclusion:The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes is very high in breast cancer women without diabetes history in China. The optimal cutoff points of HbA1c for identifying diabetes and prediabetes are 6.0% and 5.5% in Chinese breast cancer women, respectively.

Although the therapy-related bone loss attracts increasing attention nowadays, the differences in chemotherapy-induced bone loss and bone metabolism indexes change among breast cancer (BC) women with different menstrual statuses or chemotherapy regimens are unknown. The aim of the study is to explore the effects of different regimens of chemotherapy on bone health. The self-control study enrolled 118 initially diagnosed BC women without distant metastasis who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone mineral density (BMD) screening and (or) bone metabolism index monitoring during chemotherapy at Chongqing Breast Cancer Center. Mann-Whitney U test, Cochran’s Q test, and Wilcoxon sign rank test were performed. After chemotherapy, the BMD in the lumbar 1–4 and whole lumbar statistically decreased (− 1.8

Background: The prevalence, awareness, treatment and the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) diagnostic cut-off points of diabetes and prediabetes in Chinese breast cancer (BC) women is unknown. We estimated the prevalence, awareness, treatment and investigate the HbA1c diagnostic cut-off points of diabetes and prediabetes in Chinese BC women at early stage.Methods: We conducted the data from 7995 initially diagnosed Chinese BC women without distant metastasis and 767 BC women without diagnosed diabetes who have undergone oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin release test (IRT) from China Database for Concomitant Disease of Breast Cancer (CDCDBC) between 2012 to 2020. Primary outcomes were total diabetes and prediabetes defined according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Awareness, treatment, and control of diabetes were also evaluated. HbA1c<7.0%, blood pressure (BP) <130/80 mm Hg, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)<100 mg/dL (2.6mmol/L) or individualized LDL-C targets were considered adequate glycemic, BP, or lipid control, respectively. The cut-off points of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Findings: Among 7995 Chinese BC women, the estimated prevalence of total diabetes was 24.4% (95% CI, 23.4%-25.3%); that of prediabetes, 50.0% (95% CI, 48.9%-51.1%); and that of diagnosed diabetes, 4.3%. Among BC women with diabetes, only 17.5% (95%CI, 15.8%-19.2%) were aware of their diagnosis and 13.2% (95%CI, 11.8%-14.7%) were treated; 33.6% (95%CI, 24.9%-42.3%) of patients treated achieved adequate glycemic control. 34.9% (95%CI, 27.2%-42.6%), 44.1% (95%CI, 38.8%-49.3%), and 25.3% (95%CI, 19.7%-30.9%) of Chinese BC women with diagnosed diabetes achieved HbA1c<7.0%, BP<130/80 mm Hg, and individualized LDL-C targets, respectively.Using OGTT as reference, the optimal cut-off points of HbA1c for diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes were 6.0% & 5.4% [the area under the ROC curve were 0.903 (P<0.001, 95%CI, 0.867-0.938) & 0.703 (P<0.001, 95% CI, 0.632-0.774), the sensitivity were 78.1% & 76.9%, and the specificity were 86.4% & 51.8%], respectively.Interpretation: Diabetes and prediabetes were highly prevalent in Chinese BC women but with much lower awareness, treatment, and glycol control rates, indicating the pivotal of diabetes as a severe health problem in Chinese BC women.Funding: None.Declaration of Interest: All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none were reported.Ethical Approval: This study received approval from Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Informed consent was not obtained as this was a retrospective study.

Metastatic vascular calcification and calcinosis universalis, as severe complications of parathyroid hyperfunction and hyperparathyroidism, have attracted more attention in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism and primary hyperparathyroidism. But, they are of little concern in patients with long-term negative calcium balance related parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism caused by calcium and/or vitamin D insufficiency (CVI). CVI is common in the population. Relatively low level of serum calcium and negative calcium balance caused by long-term CVI result in parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism, which may cause secretion of PTH beyond the physiological level, leading to bone absorption and release of a large amount of bone calcium into the blood. It may not only cause bone loss and osteoporosis, but also form metastatic vascular calcification or calcinosis universalis presented by cardiovascular diseases and other multi-organ lesions. Early calcium deposition can gradually fade after reasonable treatment, but middle arterial calcification is not easy to fade once it occurs. Therefore, vascular calcification and calcium deposition should be actively prevented and early screened and diagnosed. The early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism can prevent, delay, or even reverse the occurrence and development of metastatic vascular calcification and calcinosis universalis, which is significant for disease prevention and protecting the patients' health influenced by these diseases.

CONTEXT:Thyroid function variation within the thyroxine reference range has negative metabolic effects. Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a recently proposed definition. OBJECTIVE:We aim to explore the effects of thyroid function status on prevalence and mortality of MAFLD. METHODS:Data of 10 666 participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were used. MAFLD was diagnosed based on the new definition. Thyroid function variation within the thyroxine reference range was defined based on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels: subclinical hyperthyroidism, <0.39 mIU/L; strict-normal thyroid function, 0.39-2.5 mIU/L; and low thyroid function, >2.5 mIU/L, which comprised low-normal thyroid function (2.5-4.5 mIU/L) and subclinical hypothyroidism (> 4.5 mIU/L). Logistic and Cox regression were used in multivariate analysis. RESULTS:Low thyroid function is independently associated with MAFLD (odds ratio: 1.27). Compared with strict-normal thyroid function, subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the total population (hazard ratio [HR] for all-cause: 1.23; cardiovascular: 1.65) and MAFLD population (HR for all-cause: 1.32; cardiovascular: 1.99); meanwhile, in the low-normal thyroid function group, an increasing trend in mortality risk was observed. Furthermore, low thyroid function also showed significant negative impact on mortality in the total and MAFLD population. Among thyroid function spectrum, mild subclinical hypothyroidism showed the highest HRs on mortality. CONCLUSIONS:Low thyroid function is independent risk factor of MAFLD and is associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the MAFLD population. Reevaluation of TSH reference range should be considered.

The lifetime prevalence of nephrolithiasis is 15% for men, with a 5-year recurrence rate of 35% to 50% after an initial event. Although it was initially recommended to limit calcium intake in these patients, a number of studies have reported association between lower total dietary calcium intake and increased risk of incident kidney stones, and that increased calcium intake might reduce the risk of incident kidney stones. We report a 35-year-old male who presented recurrent 8-years of nephrolithiasis and urine crystal with calcium intake restriction, and had no recurrence after 5 years of follow-up after intensive calcium and vitamin D supplementation.

Background and aimsAn international expert consensus statement was released on 2020 that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) should be replaced by metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and hepatic steatosis (HS) is fundamental for the diagnosis of MAFLD in the new set of criteria. While female breast cancer has surpassed lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor and shares the same risk factors with HS and MAFLD, but their prevalence in breast cancer survivors (BCS) is unknown. Herein, we employed the liver ultrasound elastography (USE), a more sensitive detector for HS diagnosis, to explore the more accurate prevalence of HS and MAFLD among BCS.MethodA total of 263 BCS with conventional liver ultrasonography (US) and USE tests, followed up in the clinic of the Breast Cancer Center of Chongqing, as well as age and sex matching controls (1:10) with US test, from 135,436 healthcare population in the Quality Control Center of Health Examination of Chongqing of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, were enrolled. Both US and USE were implemented to diagnose HS. Afterwards the anthropology information and relative laboratory test results were collected to estimate the prevalence of MAFLD based on USE and US according to the 2020 international consensus.ResultsThe prevalence of HS detected by US in BCS was significantly higher than that in healthcare population (41.8% vs. 22.4%, P<0.001), and it rose to 69.6% when the BCS were screened by USE. Accordingly, the prevalence of MAFLD based on US in BCS was also significantly higher than that in healthcare population (39.5% vs. 21.2%, P<0.001) and it rose to 63.5% when the BCS were screened by USE. The prevalence of HS and MAFLD based on US in elderly BCS (≥60 yr) were obviously higher than those in healthcare population (56.7% & 56.7 % vs. 31.3% & 30.7%, P<0.001), respectively, and they rose to 80.0% and 73.3%, respectively when the BCS were screened by USE.ConclusionHS and MAFLD prevail in breast cancer survivors, especially in most of the elderly breast cancer survivors (≥60 yr). Their prevalence are much higher than in the general population. Early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of HS and MAFLD in breast cancer survivors should be implemented.

原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进(PHPT)是严重影响人体健康的常见内分泌系统疾病.作为转移性血管钙化和全身钙质沉着的主要原因之一,PHPT会引起多器官功能障碍及病变.本文将对PHPT继发转移性血管钙化和全身钙质沉着的研究进展及防治进行综述.

Background Fatty liver index (FLI) is the most recognized blood biomarker for diagnosis of hepatic steatosis (HS), but lacks the reliable specific cut-off points (COPs). Therefore, we aim to investigate the population-specific COPs of FLI based on the results of liver ultrasound transient elastography (LUTE) and conventional ultrasonography in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods 5948 participants who underwent LUTE from the NHANES 2017–2018 and 14,797 participants who underwent conventional ultrasonography from the Third NHANES (NHANES III) were recruited. FLI was calculated by using body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, and gamma-glutamyl transferase, and its optimal COPs in a specific population (stratified by sex, BMI, and WC) were obtained from receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curve with ultrasonic-diagnosed HS as the reference standard. Results Based on LUTE in NHANES 2017–2018, the prevalence of HS and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) were 58.7% and 56.2%, respectively, and the optimal COP of FLI for HS diagnosis in the overall population was 45.60, with an area under ROC curve (AUROC) of 0.833 (0.822–0.844). Based on conventional ultrasonography in NHANES III, the prevalence of HS and MAFLD were 34.4% and 27. 9%, respectively, and the optimal COP of FLI for HS was 59.5, with an AUROC of 0.681 (0.671–0.691). With the increase of BMI and WC, the COPs increased gradually with significant differences between different groups. Compared with conventional ultrasonography, the COPs of FLI based on LUTE were much more precise, with higher diagnostic ability. The population-specific COPs of FLI stratified by gender, WC, and BMI were tabulated. Conclusion In the United States, the incidences of HS and MAFLD were high, especially when assessed by LUTE. The FLI based on LUTE is well capable of predicting HS when stratified by gender, WC, and BMI.

Metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a common concomitant disease of breast cancer. It is one of the main causes of liver damage during chemotherapy and also an important cause of liver damage during endocrine therapy or follow-up, which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed as MAFLD, which changed the original "exclusive diagnosis" to "inclusive diagnosis" and the non-negligible role of metabolic factors in the occurrence and development of fatty liver disease was recognized, but the clinical attention is not enough at present. More attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment of MAFLD in breast cancer patients because the proportion and risk of metabolic disorders are higher than that in general people. In this article, we will focus on the clinical significance, prevention and treatment of the new definition of MAFLD in the comprehensive management of concomitant diseases of breast cancer, so as to further improve the quality of life and prognosis of breast cancer patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has been proposed to replace the concept of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The relationship between MAFLD and breast lesions has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to explore their prevalence and relationship among general population.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. After considering the exclusion criteria, 46,547 consecutive women who synchronously accepted breast and abdominal ultrasonography during one physical check-up between January 2015 and September 2018 were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of breast masses (BM), BI-RADS categories breast lesions and MAFLD in general population were revealed and the association between MAFLD and breast mass, BI-RADS categories breast lesions was analyzed by conducting logistic regression models.RESULTS:Of 46,547 participants, 8,020 (17.23%) had BM, 6,345 (13.63%) had MAFLD. Women with MAFLD had a lower BM prevalence than those without MAFLD (11.87% vs.18.08%; p<0.001). Overall, women with MAFLD had a lower risk of BM compared to those without MAFLD (adjusted OR=0.849, 95%CI: 0.775-0.930, p<0.001). Analysis based on BI-RADS categories breast lesions demonstrated that MAFLD is negatively related to BI-RADS 2/3 categories breast lesions (BI-RADS 2 category adjusted OR=0.980, 95%CI: 0.906-1.061, p=0.626; BI-RADS 3 category adjusted OR=0.736, 95%CI: 0.641-0.845, p=0.001), while associated with higher risk of BI-RADS ≥4 categories breast lesions (adjusted OR=1.220, 95%CI: 1.005-1.480, p=0.044). Subgroup analysis across age (18-44, 45-54 and≥55 years old) and body mass index (<25 and ≥25kg/m2) demonstrated that MAFLD was negatively associated with BI-RADS 2/3 categories breast lesions in premenopausal and perimenopausal women, and positively associated with BI-RADS ≥4 categories breast lesions in postmenopausal women, whether in obese or not.CONCLUSIONS:MAFLD was inversely associated with BM and BI-RADS 2/3 categories breast lesions in premenopausal and perimenopausal women, irrespective of obesity presence; MAFLD increased the risk of BM and BI-RADS ≥4 categories breast lesions in postmenopausal women.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a common systemic bone disease which has become a serious public health problem in China. In clinical practice, we found that some primary osteoporosis may be due to parathyroid hyperfunction (subclinical hyperparathyroidism) or hyperparathyroidism which is the result of negative calcium balance and hypocalcemia caused by insufficient calcium intake and/or vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, which is preventable and controllable. Therefore, we call this kind of osteoporosis parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism associated osteoporosis. The daily calcium intake of Chinese people is generally insufficient, and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is also a worldwide public health problem. Parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism associated osteopenia and osteoporosis which are results of hypocalcemia and negative calcium balance caused by long-term insufficient calcium intake and/or vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency exist extensively in clinical practice. Its prevention and treatment can effectively prevent and treat osteopenia and osteoporosis, so as to effectively prevent and treat diseases such as short stature, rachiokyphosis, backache, fatigue, bone pain, fracture, metastatic vascular calcification and systemic calcinosis, improve people’s health and help achieve the goal of "Healthy China 2030" .

目的 了解乳腺癌患者新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫苗接种情况及疫苗犹豫的影响因素,为更好地解决乳腺癌患者特殊人群的相关问题提供依据.方法 2021年7月9-30日采用方便抽样的方法对重庆市各大三甲医院乳腺癌中心康复组织及微信群的500例乳腺癌患者进行一般资料问卷、COVID-19疫苗接种及疫苗犹豫现状量表的自评调查,采用SPSS22.0统计软件进行数据分析.结果 500例患者中完成有效问卷454份,已接种COVID-19疫苗90例,未接种COVID-19疫苗364例.将疫苗犹豫者、不愿意接种疫苗者、已接种疫苗但曾经接种意愿不坚定者归入疫苗犹豫组,共242例,疫苗犹豫率为53.30％.不同年龄、有无服用乳腺癌相关治疗药物、医师是否不建议注射COVID-19疫苗、不同患病时间乳腺癌患者疫苗犹豫率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).服用乳腺癌治疗药物患者疫苗犹豫是未服用乳腺癌治疗药物患者的1.28倍,医师不建议注射COVID-19疫苗患者疫苗犹豫是医师没有不建议注射COVID-19疫苗患者的1.57倍,患病3年内患者疫苗犹豫是患病3年后患者的2.49倍.结论 目前,乳腺癌患者疫苗接种率较低,应根据疫苗犹豫现状制定精细化接种方案.