目的 磁县是世界上食管癌发病率最高的地区之一.分析北方食管癌高发区磁县1988-2011年食管癌死亡趋势,探讨趋势成因,为食管癌防治研究提供参考依据.方法 截取磁县肿瘤登记处1988-01-01-2011-12-31登记ICD编码为150或C15的死亡数据,计算食管癌死亡率、年龄标准化死亡率和死亡年龄结构,采用Joinpoint软件估计年度变化百分比(annual percent change,APC)、年龄别APC和贡献率.结果 1988-2011年食管癌死亡12 813人,男7 953人,女4 860人.男女合计平均年死亡率为112.92/10万,男性为153.86/10万,女性为79.37/10万.24年来食管癌总死亡世标率、男性死亡世标率和女性死亡世标率均呈下降趋势(P＜0.01),APC(95％CI)分别为-2.49％(-3.29％～-1.68％)、-2.18％(-3.08％～-1.27％)和-2.95％(-3.74％～-2.16％).死亡人数自40岁以后明显升高,40～74岁组死亡人数占总死亡人数的81.19％.各年龄组对食管癌死亡率下降贡献率显示,40岁以后人群贡献率明显升高,40～74岁组贡献率为97.13％.年龄别APC显示40岁组死亡率下降最快,APC为-10.60％(P＜0.05),后随年龄增长,下降速度变慢.结论 磁县24年来食管癌死亡率呈下降趋势,但仍远高于全国平均水平,防治形势依然严峻;40～74岁人群死亡率下降对整体死亡率下降贡献最大,加强对这一人群的早诊早治内镜筛查,特别是提高筛查依从性有助于磁县食管癌死亡率下降.

BACKGROUNDPolymorphisms in DNA repair genes can alter an individual's DNA repair capability and contribute to the risk of various cancers.AIMSThis study was designed to evaluate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the XPG gene with the risk of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) in a high-incidence population in northern China.METHODSTwo SNPs from 431 GCA patients and 432 healthy controls were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction/ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) method.RESULTSThe rs751402 C/T SNP T allele and the T/T genotype were associated with an increased risk of GCA in younger individuals (≤61 years) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.33 and 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.76 and 1.12-3.30, respectively). The rs873601 G/A SNP was not associated with susceptibility to GCA.CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicate that the rs751402 C/T SNP has potential as a predictive marker for the risk of GCA and that carriers of the T/T genotype should receive periodic upper gastrointestinal fiber tests to facilitate the early detection and early treatment of GCA.

目的:分析北方食管癌高发区磁县1988-2011年胃癌死亡趋势.方法:选取磁县肿瘤登记处同年度ICD编码为C16死亡数据.结果:1988-2011年胃癌总死亡4 677人.男性1988-1999年平均粗死亡率40.5/105,2000-2011年为45.5/105;女性同期死亡率分别为19.7/105、22.7/105.1988-2011年胃癌死亡年度变化百分比(APC)总体呈现上升趋势,APC为0.43％.1988-1999年与2000-2011年两个时间段APC变化,1988-1999年胃癌死亡表现下降趋势,其中男性APC为-2.65％,P=0.042,女性-0.92％,P=0.439.2000-2011年胃癌死亡则表现整体上升趋势,男性和女性APC分别是3.13％、2.82％,均无统计学差异.结论:磁县1988-1999年胃癌死亡呈下降趋势,2000-2011年则明显上升,虽然尚无统计学差异,但上升趋势表明,在食管癌高发区对胃癌的防治研究是不能忽视的重要课题.

Objective To investigate the effects of different methods of preparation on the contents of nuzhenide and oleanolic acid in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus. Methods The same batch of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus was under preparation and process. RP-HPLC was used to determine the contents of nuzhenide and oleanolic acid in crude samples, wine-prepared samples, vinegar-prepared samples, and salt-prepared samples. Results The contents of nuzhenide were in the order as follow:salt-prepared samples (1.997 5%)>crude samples (1.600 7%)>wine-prepared samples (1.144 6%)>vinegar-prepared samples (0.894 6%). The contents of oleanolic acid were in the order as follow:wine-prepared samples (1.120 2%)>salt-prepared samples (0.924 6%)>vinegar-prepared samples (0.913 2%)>crude samples (0.899 8%). Conclusion Different methods of preparation have certain effects on the contents of nuzhenide and oleanolic acid in Ligustri Lucidi Fructus.

[目的]分析河北省磁县1988～2011年贲门癌死亡变化趋势,为贲门癌的防治策略提供流行病学数据.[方法]截取磁县肿瘤登记处1988年1月1日至2011年12月31日的ICD编码为151.0或C16.0的死亡记录.计算变化百分比(PC)、年度变化百分比(APC)和贡献率.[结果] 1988～2011年贲门癌死亡1561例,其中男性1112例,女性449例.男女合计平均年死亡率为13.84/10万,男性为21.58/10万,女性为7.46/10万.贲门癌世标死亡率的PC为190.20％ (x2=13.163,P＜0.01),总体呈上升趋势;年度变化百分比(APC)为4.29％ (t=6.057,P＜0.01).50岁以上人群死亡上升趋势最为明显,上升贡献率为100％.[结论]磁县24年来贲门癌死亡呈明显上升趋势,其中高年龄组上升趋势更为明显.

Background and aim: The miR-196a2 gene contains a C/T polymorphism (rs11614913). Its presence could change the conformation of secondary structure of miR-196a2 RNA, and directly affect the binding to target mRNAs and the miRNA maturation process. Both of which eventually alter protein expression and contributed to cancer susceptibility. This study assessed whether the rs11614913 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) could affect an individual's susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC).Methods: SNP rs11614913 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) in 597 ESCC patients and 597 control subjects.Results: Overall, there were no significant differences in the frequency of the miRNA-196a2 SNP rs11614913 genotype between the ESCC cases and the controls (chi(2) = 1.395, p = 0.498). The TT genotype, CT genotype and CT/TT combined genotype (dominant model) did not modify the risk of ESCC as compared with the CC genotype. Comparisons of the TT genotype to the CT/CC combined genotype did not reveal a significant association to ESCC, too. However, further analyses revealed an increased risk of ESCC in the dominant model (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.08-2.26) and the allele frequency comparison (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.06-1.63) in the <= 60-year-old group.Conclusions: These results suggest that the miRNA-196a2 functional polymorphism rs11614913 might be an effective genetic marker for ESCC risk assessment in individuals younger than 60 years of age from a region of high ESCC incidence in northern China.

All current data available about epidemiology of gastric cardia cancer in China were reviewed thoroughly. It was found that few data existed, and mainly came from high incidence areas of Chinese esophageal and stomach cancer. Compared with the overall decline of esophageal and stomach cancer, the trend of gastric cardia cancer has been increasing. The real epidemiological data is hard to obtain as of such problems as definition, diagnosis and code;its etiology may be different from that of esophageal and stomach cancer. Based on the collected data, this paper is a general description of the distribution area, popularity, sex and gender preference, trend and etiology of gastric cardia cancer.

目的:分析食管癌高低发区贲门癌发病的特点和异同,为贲门癌防治提供科学依据.方法:收集、整理1988-2007年食管癌低发区广东中山市与高发区河北磁县全人群肿瘤登记中的贲门癌发病资料,比较其发病数、粗率、中国与世界标化发病率(简称中标率与世标率)、构成比和发病趋势等指标.结果:1988-2007 年广东中山与河北磁县贲门癌世标发病率分别为 0.50/105和23.87/105,磁县发病远高于中山,是中山的47.74倍,两地贲门癌发病均呈上升趋势,尤以河北磁县显著.此外,广东中山市贲门癌男女发病数比例高于河北磁县.结论:虽然期间两地贲门癌发病均呈上升趋势,但其贲门癌发病存在显著差异,食管癌高发区河北磁县贲门癌发病远高于食管癌低发区广东中山,且其发病趋势与食管癌相反,而中山相同.

Objective: To study Cixian cancer incidence and popular features.Methods: According to the cancer registration to analyze 2003 to 2007 new cancer cases crude incidence rate of cancer standardized rate,world standardized rate.Results: January 1,2003 to December 31,2007,five years cumulative new cancer were 8587 cases.2003 to 2007 the crude incidence rate was 281.19 /100000,standardized rate 262.12 /100000,the world standardized rate 351.04 /100000,Male crude incidence rate was 328.66 /100000,standardized rate 334.58 /100000,world standardized rate 446.93 /100000;Female crude incidence rate was 231.67 /100000,standardized rate 198.91 /100000,world standardized rate 266.98 /100000.Five top tumors in men;esophagus,stomach,bronchus and lung,liver,colorectal cancer;Female five former cancers: esophagus,stomach,bronchus and lung,liver,breast cancer.Incidence situation landforms: plain crude incidence rate was 309.67 /100000,standardized rate 288.54 /100000,world standardized rate 387.82 /100000;the hilly crude incidence for 239.16 /100000,standardized rate 223.21 /100000,world standard rate 296.57 /100000;the mountain crude incidence rate of 284.96 /100000,standardized rate 265.47 /100000,world standardized rate 356.45 /100000.Conclusion: In the cancer incidence increase esophageal cancer decreased,but still is the first tumor in the county;gastric cancer incidence rate increased significantly.

The growth arrest DNA damage‐inducible gene (GADD45) family, which is composed of GADD45A, GADD45B, and GADD45G, may play similar but not identical roles in tumorigenesis. Genetic changes associated with or responsible for their dysregulation are in general uncommon. This study was to detect the role of GADD45 gene family in gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and the relationship of GADD45A and GADD45G methylation to a series of pathological parameters in a large GCA sample, in order to elucidate more information on the role of GADD45 gene family with regard to the pathogenesis of GCA. Decreased mRNA and protein expression of GADD45A and GADD45G but not GADD45B were found in 138 GCA tumor tissues. The methylation frequency of 5′ 4 CpG region located in distal promoter of GADD45A and proximal promoter of GADD45G in GCA tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in corresponding normal tissues. The expression levels of GADD45A and GADD45G were inversely correlated with methylation levels. GADD45B expression was not correlated with GCA patients survival, while GADD45A and GADD45G methylation status and protein expression were independently associated with GCA patients' survival. These results suggest that GADD45A and GADD45G gene may act as functional tumor suppressor but being frequently inactivated epigenetically in patients with GCA. Silencing of GADD45A and GADD45G, negative regulator of cell growth, is most likely responsible for conferring a selective growth advantage during GCA evolution and outgrowth.

目的建立芩柏软膏质量标准。方法采用显微鉴别法对制剂中黄芩、关黄柏进行了显微鉴别;采用HPLC法对黄芩的有效成分黄芩苷进行含量测定,选用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;甲醇-水-磷酸(47:53:0.2)为流动相,流速:1.0 mL/min;柱温:室温;检测波长:280 nm。结果黄芩、关黄柏的显微鉴别方法简捷、快速环保;黄芩苷的加样回收率98.38%(n=5),RSD=1.5835%,黄芩苷在0.3027 mg/mL~3.0274 mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系。结论该方法能够控制芩柏软膏的药品质量,有利于医院制剂质量标准的提升。

Objective To set up the quality standard of TCM preparation Qingfei pill. Methods TLC methods were used to the qualitative identification of Fructus Termininaliae Immaturus and Radix Sophorae Subprostratae in the preparation. The content of Gardenoside, the effective component of Fructus Gardeniae, was determined by HPLC method, using Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) and acetonitrile-water (10∶90) as mobile phase with flow rate at 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was room temperature, and the detection wavelength was 238 nm. Results The TLC methods for Fructus Termininaliae Immaturus and Radix Sophorae Subprostratae identifications were simple and rapid, and showed good repetitiveness. Gardenoside presented a good linear relationship within the range of 0.238-3.808 μg, and the average recovery rate was 97.24%, RSD was 1.60% (n=6). Conclusion These methods showed strong specificity and good repetitiveness, and can be used to control the quality of the product effectively.

Objective To learn more about Malignant cancer death and trends in Cixian. Methods Malignant cancer death data were collected in accordance with the "Cancer registration guidebook" requirements using Cixian Cancer registries from 2003 to 2007. Cancer crude mortality, standardized rate and world-standardized rate indicators were analyzed. Results From 2003 to 2007, the average crudemortality rate was 201.98/100000, China age-standardized mortality rate was 188.07/100 000, and World age-standardized mortality rate was 256.13/100 000, among which, male crude mortality rate was 248.03/100 000, China age-standardized mortality rate was 255.73/100 000, and World age-standardized mortality rate was 345.84/100 000, and female crude mortality rate was 153.94/100 000, China age-standardized mortality rate was 129.96/100 000, and World age-standardized mortality rate was 179.10/100 000. According to the death tissues, top five cancers in male mortality were esophagus, stomach, bronchus and lung, liver, brain and central nervous system, and top five of female were esophagus, stomach, bronchus and lung cancer, liver cancer and cervical cancer.As for different landforms cancer mortality, the plain crude mortality rate was 210.69/100 000, China agestandardized mortality rate was 195.58/100 000, and World age-standardized mortality rate was 268.36/100000. The hilly crude mortality rate was 180.99/100 000, China age-standardized mortality rate was 169.22/100000, and World age-standardized mortality rate was 228.19/100 000. Mountainous crude mortality rate was222.83/100 000, China age-standardized mortality rate was 207.84/100 000, and World age-standardized mortality rate was 281.76/100 000.Conclusion Comparison with the historical data of Cixian county, the cancer mortality was increased while esophageal cancer mortality showed declining trend, but it still was the first cancer hazard of death in Cixian. Comparison between different living locations indicated that cancer mortality in mountains was higher than that in plains, that in plains was higher than that in hilly. It would be very important to strengthen comprehensive prevention and control of cancer research,actively and early detect and treat esophageal cancer.

肿瘤组织生物样本在肿瘤的研究中扮演着重要的角色[1],生物样本库包括生物样本实体、生物分子及样本相关临床资料等综合资源,对于开展人类疾病预测、诊断、治疗研究具有重要的作用.转化医学的兴起和发展对生物样本资源的迫切需求与日俱增[2-3].在我国已有多家单位建立了不同规模、不同类型和不同管理与应用方式的组织和血液样本资源库[4-8].本文对磁县生物样本库的建设和管理进行介绍.

A C/T polymorphism (rs11614913) was identified in the microRNA (miRNA) 196a2 (miR-196a2) gene and was implicated in the susceptibility to cancer. Numerous studies have investigated its association with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. The present meta-analysis was conducted based on the results of six published case-control studies comprising 1,754 cases and 2,430 controls (up to November, 2012). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the allelic and genotypic comparisons following the co-dominant, dominant and recessive genetic models. The Chi-square-based Q-test was used to assess heterogeneity. Egger's test and inverted funnel plots were used to investigate publication bias. Subgroup analysis was also performed. The results demonstrated that almost all the genetic models (except the model of CT vs. TT) indicated a significant association between rs11614913 polymorphism and CRC risk. The subgroup analysis in an Asian population also demonstrated similar results. However, there was no significant association of miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism with the clinical characteristics of CRC patients. Our results confirmed the association of the polymorphism rs11614913 with the risk of CRC, but not with tumor stage and grade.

Objective To investigate the long-term survival for radiotherapy plus traditional Chinese medicine zeng sheng ping(ZSP) for ESCC.Methods From June 1988 to December 1999,a prospective observation study was made to investigate how ZSP improved long-term survival of esophageal cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy in High-risk area of esophageal cancer.Two hundred and ten cases with esophageal cancer were selected,among which the treatment group was treated with ZSP,while the control group given no adjuvant therapy.Taking continuous medication for more than 12 months was regarded as effective cases,and the mortality rate endpoint indicators.Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to analyze various to impacts on the long-term survival,which includes clinical stage,gender,age,genetic history of cancer,karnofsky functional status score and smoking,alcohol.Results Study showed that 1,2,3,4,5,6-year survival rate of patients with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ,was 80.2%,50.2%,42.1%,27.4% 17.3% and 14.2% in the treatment group respectively,control group was 76.7%,41.8%,18.8%,15.2%,10.6% and 9.6%,P=0.039;median survival times was 23.5 months,and 18.9 months,P=0.027.However,the long-term survival and median survival were not statistically significant for the clinical stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Cox Multivariate analysis showed that the clinical group,tumor stage and genetic history of cancer were independent risk factors.The regression coefficients were:0.44,0.32 and 0.28,P<0.05.The percentage of follow-up patients was 93.0%.Conclusion ZSP can increase the long-term survival for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ.

[目的]根据磁县肿瘤登记处数据,分析1988～2007年胃癌发病变化。[方法]取1988～2007年发病数据库ICD编码C16.0～C16.9数据,组织学诊断比例为76.4%。将胃癌分为贲门癌(C16.0)和远端胃癌/不能分部位(C16.1～C16.9)两部分。采用y=α+βx+ε线性模型,计算年度变化百分比(APC)。[结果]1988～2007年胃癌发病呈上升趋势,胃癌总体APC为1.2656%,男性为1.5360%,女性为1.2924%。胃癌亚部位分析贲门癌发病上升最为明显,占胃癌发病总数的40.0%,总发病APC为8.0690%,其中女性为6.5144%,男性为8.0690%。[结论]磁县1988～2007年胃癌发病明显上升,其中贲门癌发病增长最快。胃癌发病的上升与ICD编码规则和内镜的临床广泛应用关系密切。

目的建立祛湿散质量标准。方法采用显微鉴别法对制剂中黄芩、大黄进行显微鉴别;采用TLC法对制剂中青黛进行定性鉴别研究;采用HPLC法对黄芩的有效成分黄芩苷进行含量测定,选用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱;甲醇-水-磷酸(47:53:0.2)为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min;柱温:室温;检测波长280 nm。结果黄芩、大黄的显微鉴别方法简捷、快速环保;青黛的薄层鉴别方法专属性强,空白无干扰。黄芩苷的加样回收率99.108%,n=5,RSD=1.0417%,黄芩苷在25.228μg/mL～111.0032μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系。结论该方法能够控制祛湿散的药品质量。

OBJECTIVE:To detect levels and distributions of nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia in drinking water in the high-incidence area of esophageal cancer,provide the science basis for the pathogeny and the prevention of esophageal cancer.METHODS:Water samples were collected from Cixian County(n=56) and Chicheng County(n=42).Levels of nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia were detected according to the method of national standard method by using TA-88 Automatic analyzer.RESULTS:The level of nitrate nitrogen in surface water((2.760±0.189)mg/L) in Cixian County was significantly lower than that in shallow well((22.068±2.968) mg/L,P0.01).The level of nitrite nitrogen in deep well((8.452±1.78) mg/L) was dramatically lower than that in shallow well(P0.01).The level of nitrate nitrogen in shadow well was higher than that of national standard(20 mg/L).Nitrite nitrogen in surface water((0.116±0.040) mg/L) and deep well((0.038±0.017) mg/L) were lower than that of national standard(1 mg/L);There was no difference between three water sources as to ammonia.The level of ammonia in shallow((0.606±0.245) mg/L) well was higher than that of national standard(0.5 mg/L).The level of ammonia in surface water((0.302±0.085) mg/L) and deep well((0.177±0.028) mg/L) were lower than that of national standard.The levels of nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia in drinking water in Cixian County were significantly higher than those in the low-incidence area of Chicheng County(P0.01).CONCLUSION:Levels of nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen and ammonia in drinking water in Cixian County significantly increased,which might be correlated with carcinogenesis and progression of esophageal cancer.

Background and Aims. Polymorphisms in DNA repair gene may alter an individual's DNA repair capacity and be associated with the risk of various cancers. This study was designed to investigate whether ERCC1 +262A/C and XPF -357A/C polymorphisms affect individual susceptibility to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardiac adenocarcinoma (GCA).Methods. In 389 ESCC patients vs. 778 healthy controls and 262 GCA patients vs. 524 healthy controls in a high incidence region of northern China, ERCC1 +262A/C polymorphism and XPF -357A/C polymorphism were genotyped by the method of polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction (PCR-LDR) and polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis, respectively.Results. Family history of upper gastrointestinal cancers (UGIC) may increase the risk of ESCC and GCA. Allelotype and genotype distributions of ERCC1 +262A/C and XPF -357A/C polymorphisms in ESCC and GCA patients were not significantly different from that in their respective controls (p >0.05). Compared with ERCC1 +262C/C genotype, A/A genotype decreased the risk of GCA in nonsmokers (age, gender and family history of UGIC adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.70). Neither the A/C nor the C/C genotype was associated with the overall risk of ESCC and GCA when compared with the XPF -357A/A genotype.Conclusions. ERCC1 +262A/A genotype may reduce the risk of GCA for nonsmokers. XPF -357A/C polymorphism was not associated with the risk of ESCC and GCA in a population of a high-incidence region in northern China. (C) 2012 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc.