Fig fruit is widely accepted in warm and tropical regions due to the sweet taste and health benefits. The polysaccharides in fig fruit are responsible for the health benefits. However, information regarding polysaccharide structure remains limited. In this study, the water-soluble polysaccharides (FFP) were extracted from fig fruit with a yield of 15.3 mg/g. Anion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography were used for purification. A leading polysaccharide was purified and characterized as below. The monosaccharide composition of FFP included arabinose (Ara), galactose (Gal), galacturonic acid (GalA) and rhamnose (Rha). The glycosidic linkages were revealed to be L-Ara-(1→, →5)-L-Ara-(1→, →2,4)-L-Rha-(1→, →2)-L-Rha-(1→, →4)-D-Gal-(1→ and D-Gal-(1→. Nuclear magnetic resonnance (NMR) spectra revealed that FFP had →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ as backbone. The side chains included Galp-β-D-(1→4)-Galp-β-D-(1→4)-Galp-β-D-(1→4)-Galp-β-D-(1→ and α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→. They were linked to C-4 of Rhap. FFP inhibited the production of NO, IL-6 and IL-1β levels induced by LPS. IL-6 and IL-1β levels were returned to normal. These information are helpful to understand this functional fruit.

目的 为了对风味接装纸的产品质量进行监测,初步建立一套风味接装纸的综合评价方法.方法 通过提取风味接装纸的关键味感指标,采用定量描述分析方法(QDA)对风味接装纸进行味感特性进行评价,并对其味感稳定性、卫生指标(菌落总数)及其稳定性进行评价.结果 结果表明,3种风味接装纸味感特性指标的评分各不相同,强度表现差异较明显;在6个月内风味接装纸的总评分随时间增长而发生波动,但总分变化均在±2分以内;在90天内风味接装纸菌落总数≤200 CFU/g,符合烟用接装纸的卫生指标.结论 QDA定量描述分析方法可以对风味接装纸的味感特性及强度进行区分,综合评价其味感和卫生指标(菌落总数)的稳定性,可以对风味接装纸的质量进行监测,为产品开发提供理论基础和数据支撑.

[目的]建立石墨炉原子吸收光谱法(GF-AAS)测定加热卷烟(HTP)烟草材料中铅、镍、铬、镉含量的检测方法.[方法]考察样品前处理条件、灰化温度、原子化温度对检测结果的影响,采用加标回收和重复性试验验证检测结果的准确性和精密度.[结果](1)四种元素工作曲线线性良好(r2>0.999);(2)Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd加标回收率为93.7％～105.7％,RSD≤5.0％(n=6),方法检出限分别为0.076、0.025、0.015、0.006 mg/kg.(3)9种加热卷烟烟草材料中Pb、Ni、Cr、Cd元素平均含量分为0.97、1.07、1.28、1.80 mg/kg.[结论]该方法操作简单、成本较低,同时精密度和准确性较高,适用于大批量加热卷烟烟草材料中的4种痕量元素的含量测定.

It is generally recognized that banana has diverse health benefits. However, most of the molecules responsible for the health benefits remain unknown. In this work, an important polysaccharide was extracted from banana and purified. The molecular weight was determined to be 526.2 kDa. It was identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as arabinogalactan with beta-D-(1 -> 6)-galactan as backbone. This arabinogalactan was comprised of three monosaccharides, including Ara, Gal and GlcA with a relatively molar ratio of 5.8: 5.9: 1.0. The side chains were identified to be alpha-L-Araf-(1 ->, beta-D-GlcpA-(1 ->, alpha-L-Araf-(1 -> 5)-alpha-L-Araf-(1 -> and alpha-D-Galp-(1 -> 3)-alpha-L-Araf-(1 ->. They were linked to beta-D-(1 -> 6)-galactan at O-3, respectively. The putative structure was drawn as below. This arabinogalactan could induce NO production. It could also inhibit ROS production with a dose-dependent behaviour. [GRAPHICS] (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

为了深入了解不同工艺制备的加热不燃烧(HNB)卷烟烟草材料的特点及其对卷烟制品特性的影响,从化学成分分析、热裂解分析及热重分析等方面对辊压法、稠浆法、造纸法、干法制备的4 种烟草原味加热不燃烧卷烟的烟草材料进行了剖析.结果表明:① 辊压法、稠浆法制备的烟草材料纤维含量较低,结构紧密;造纸法、干法制备的烟草材料纤维含量高,结构相对疏松.② 不同工艺加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的水分含量差异不大,烟碱含量为 6.68～13.56 mg/g;甘油含量明显高于丙二醇,且远远高于传统卷烟.③ 烟草材料裂解香气释放量随裂解温度的升高呈现先升高后下降,在 270 ℃达到峰值后又缓慢降低的趋势,裂解香气成分各有特点.④ 加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料的热失重均分为 4 个阶段,且以第 2、第 3阶段为主,烟草材料的热失重情况存在一定差异.

为准确检测加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料中的主要成分，以正丁醇和1，3-丁二醇为内标，以甲醇为溶剂振荡萃取，建立了同时检测加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料中水分、1，2-丙二醇、烟碱和丙三醇含量（质量分数）的气相色谱-热导检测器（GC-TCD）方法，并采用该方法测定了6个加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料样品。结果表明：①方法的回收率为95.18%~100.80%，相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.56%~1.27%，4种目标物的检出限为0.10~1.02 mg/g。②所测样品中水分、1，2-丙二醇、烟碱和丙三醇的含量分别为90.27~119.63、0.33~2.41、14.54~15.14和130.93~143.83 mg/g。该方法简单、灵敏、准确，适用于加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料中4种主要成分的同时测定。

A gas chromatography-flame ionization (GC-FID) method was developed for determination of 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerol and nicotine of tobacco materials in heat-not-burn cigarettes by using 1,4-butanediol and quinaldine as internal standards. Twelve tobacco material samples of five different brands were determined by the method. The results showed that: 1) The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.02-0.22 mg/g and 0.06-0.74 mg/g, respectively; the recoveries were 84.74%-98.81%, and intra-day and inter-day precisions were 0.15%-0.86%. 2) The contents of 1,2-propylene glycol , glycerol and nicotine in the samples ranged from 0-82.45,116.31-204.98, and 7.06-15.26 mg/g, respectively. 3) Glycerol and nicotine were detected in all samples. 4) The content of 1,2- propylene glycol in domestic samples was higher than that in foreign samples. This method was easy, sensitive and accurate, and was suitable for determination of 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerol and nicotine of tobacco materials in heat-not-burn cigarettes.

为了准确测定烟用香精中溶剂的含量,以1,4-丁二醇为内标建立了检测烟用香精中乙醇、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的气相色谱法,采用该方法测定了30个烟用香精样品.结果表明:该方法的检出限和定量限范围在0.019～0.088和0.063～0.293 g/L之间;回收率在97.5％～101.6％之间;相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.61％～0.89％.所测样品中均检出1,2-丙二醇,均未检出丙三醇;13个样品中检测出乙醇.该方法前处理简单、灵敏度高、定性定量准确,适用于烟用香精中乙醇、1,2-丙二醇和丙三醇的定性定量分析.

In order to investigate the relationships between grammage and physical properties of base-sheet of paper-making process reconstituted tobacco, the physical properties, permeability and microstructure of the base-sheet were tested via changing the grammage of base-sheet in the paper-making process. The 180 g/m2 base-sheet was selected and applied to cigarette packaging after the processes of flavoring coating and laser engraving. The test results indicated that: 1)When the grammage increased from 60 to 240 g/m2, the tensile index, tensile strength and stiffness of base-sheet increased gradually, the surface quality of base-sheet improved obviously, meantime, more pores formed inside the base-sheet, it was beneficial to its absorption to liquid. 2)The optimal flavoring coating rate for the selected 180 g/m2 base-sheet was 40 g/m2, the flavoring coated base-sheet was engraved by laser, then used as a cover liner of cigarette tin to promote the luxurious tastes of the contents and offer an additional open aroma.

The influence of coating rate on the properties of air-laid process tobacco sheet was discussed by five theoretical levels(50. 00%,66. 67%,75. 00%,80. 00% and 83. 33%) so as to determine a rea-sonable coating rate. The results showed that, with the increasing of the coating rate in the product, its quantitation,thickness, tensile strength went up gradually, while the bulk, filling value reduced by de-grees;its total sugar,reducing sugar,nicotine,nitrate,potassium and chloride showed a linear rise; the release amount of TPM,nicotine,Tar,CO showed a regular increasement; the sensory quality level went up rapidly and then became flat. The optimum coating rate was finally determined as 80% or so.

采用热重分析法(TG)和热裂解气质联用分析法(py-GC/MC)对烟草薄片厂常用木浆,以及木浆纤维素、蔗渣浆、蔗渣浆纤维素的热失重特性和热裂解特性进行了研究,并比较了它们对再造烟叶纸基感官评吸质量的影响.结果表明:4种纸浆纤维主要有一个失重阶段,最大失重温度在339-345℃,且木浆纤维素和蔗渣浆纤维素的最大失重温度均低于木浆和蔗渣浆,失重率则相反;而再造烟叶则有3个主要失重阶段.在350℃的裂解温度下,木浆和蔗渣浆的裂解产物均比对应的木浆纤维素、蔗渣浆纤维素多9种;裂解产物中苯及同系物的比例较后者高3-4倍.4种纸浆纤维中,添加蔗渣浆纤维素的再造烟叶感官评吸质量最优;而且,添加木浆纤维素和蔗渣浆纤维素的再造烟叶纸基感官评吸杂气、刺激性较对应的添加木浆和蔗渣浆的样品少.

After air-laid process tobacco sheet was shredded,samples with different breakage rates(theo-retical value was separately 0,2%,4%,6%,8%,10%,12% ) were prepared,and the influence of brea-kage rate on the property of air-laid process tobacco sheet was discussed,so as to determine a reasonable rate to guide the production of air-laid process tobacco sheet. Through the research in its chemical indica-tors,smoke components,aroma components and sensory quality,the results showed that:When the brea-kage rate was less than or equal to 8. 36%,the property of air-laid process tobacco sheet kept stable,and once it went over 8. 36%,the sensory property descended obviously,while the other indexes suffered no apparent effect. Therefore in the production of air-laid process tobacco sheet,the breakage rate should less than 8. 36% .

以未漂蔗渣浆、轻漂蔗渣浆、半漂蔗渣浆及漂白蔗渣浆几种甘蔗纸浆为外加纤维,利用造纸法按60:20:20的烟末、烟梗、外加纤维配比制备不同的甘蔗纤维基再造烟叶,并研究这些甘蔗纤维纸浆的特性及其对造纸法再造烟叶纸基物理性能和感官评吸质量的影响.结果表明:随着纸浆漂白程度的提高,纸浆白度增加,纯度提高,α-纤维素含量提高,木素和聚戊糖含量降低,纸浆的抗张、撕裂强度下降;再造烟叶纸基的强度主要受外加纸浆强度的影响,各纸基样品的强度指标变化和纸浆原料的强度变化趋势基本一致;纸浆纯度提高,有助于减少对再造烟叶纸基评吸的负面影响,复配高纯度、低木素含量漂白浆的再造烟叶纸基感官评吸质量最优.

In order to find an appropriate doping content of air-laid process tobacco sheet in tobacco industry,based on cut tobacco from some famous cigarette,add air-laid process tobacco sheet was added into the tobacco material by 5%, 8%, 12% and 15% separately, and the effects of air-laid process tobacco sheet on qualities of cigarette with different blending ratios were discussed. The results showed that air-laid process tobacco sheet could effectively reduce the values of cigarette chemical index and smoke index when it was added into pipe tobacco. When the doping content reached 15%,compared with the ones without air-laid process tobacco sheet(pure cut tobacco) ,the total sugar,reducing sugar,nicotine content of cigarette materials decreased separately by 14 . 64%, 16 . 59%, 35 . 68%, and the release amount of nicotine, tar and CO decreased separately by 17. 50%,15. 03%,11. 55%,which were also better than ones added by paper-making reconstituted tobacco in the same proportion. The suction properties of the cigarettes added by air-laid process tobacco sheet exceeded the ones added by paper-making reconstituted tobacco and the pure cut tobacco,while 8% was the appropriate mixing ratio. So,the abilities of air-laid process tobacco sheet in cigarette quality improvement and harmful components control met or even exceeded paper-making reconstituted tobacco.

研究了外加甘蔗渣纤维打浆度对造纸法烟草薄片纸基抗张强度、撕裂度、透气度、松厚度和滤水性能的影响,并比较了打浆度对甘蔗渣纤维基烟草薄片纸基感官评吸的影响.结果表明:随着甘蔗渣纤维打浆度的升高,烟草薄片纸基的抗张强度、撕裂强度都有显著升高,而松厚度、透气度及滤水性能略有下降;与薄片厂常用的进口木浆相比,用甘蔗渣纤维替代可明显改善薄片纸基的整体质感和口腔舒适度,但打浆度对甘蔗渣纤维基烟草薄片的 口感影响不大;在烟草薄片纸基配抄中加入打浆度为38 SR的甘蔗渣纤维,薄片纸基可获得较高的抗张强度、撕裂度,同时也具有优良的松厚度、滤水性能及口感.

β-Ionone was pyrolyzed under helium atmospheres at 300,400,500,600,700 and 800 ℃respectively,and the pyrolysates were analyzed by on-line gas chromatography /mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The results showed that (1 )Forty-eight substances were detected from the pyrolysates at 800 ℃;(2)At 600 ℃ only 10.765% ofβ-ionone was pyrolyzed.The pyrolysis reaction became more intensive at 700 and 800 ℃,18.149%and 21.286%ofβ-ionone was pyrolyzed;(3)the percentage of aromatic compounds increased with the increase of pyrolysis temperature.The possible pyrolysis mechanism ofβ-i-onone was preliminarily investigated based on the major pyrolysates.

The impact of time,temperature and Baume degree on the viscosity of sizing liquor A on the ba-sis of paper-making reconstituted tobacco product A was studied.The results showed that,with the increase of flowing time,the viscosity of coating liquid A increased gradually when Baume degree was over 25 °Bé, while it had no influence to the viscosity when Baume degree lower than 25 °Bé;and Baume degree had great influence on the viscosity of coating liquid.It could be concluded that the following favorable coating conditions should be satisfied for paper-making reconstituted tobacco manufacturing:Baume degree of coat-ing liquid was about 24~25 °Bé and temperature was 60~65 ℃.

The pyrolysis characteristics of reconstituted tobacco paper-base with different dosage of citric acid potassium were investigated by means of thermogravimetry. A dynamic model describing the pyrolysis process was established according to the differential thermogravimetric curves,and the corresponding kinetic parameters were calculated. The results showed that the pyrolysis of reconstituted tobacco paper-base mainly occurred at 200- 500 ℃. The weight loss peak moved forward with the increasing potassium dosage,and the weight loss peak temperature of the control group was 352. 1 ℃,while it reduced to319. 8 ℃ as 2. 0% potassium citrate was added. According to the Coats-Redfern method,the pyrolysis of reconstituted tobacco paper-base could be described by a first-order reaction,and the activation energy of the control sample was 35. 21 kJ/mol. On the other hand,when the sample as 2. 0% potassium citrate was added,it represented 27. 84 kJ/mol.

The surface wetting properties of paper-process reconstituted tobacco and natural tobacco leaf under different relative humidity were investigated in present study.The advancing contact angle was measured by Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer(DCA).Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and Atomic Force Microscope(AFM) were also utilized to compare the surface morphology.The results showed that whether the water or essence was used as the liquid medium,the advancing contact angle of natural tobacco leaf was greater than 90°.It exhibited a hydrophobic property.While the advancing contact angle of paper-process reconstituted tobacco is less than 90°,it presents its hydrophilic surface property.For tobacco leaf,a smoother surface,and denser leaf structure were observed as compared to paper-process reconstituted tobacco.Furthermore,the surface roughness of tobacco leaf is lower than paper-process reconstituted bobacco under different relative humidity(respectively 37.23 nm,82.97 nm and 227.99 nm,105.35 nm).The coarser surface and porous structures of paper-process reconstituted tobacco verified the finding of its dymatic contact angle.