背景:DNA水凝胶因其具有多种优良特性而得到了广泛研究,而其为药物输送和骨组织工程的发展提供了良好的平台,同时提供了新的研究发展思路.目的:对几种特殊类型的DNA水凝胶、基于DNA水凝胶的药物输送以及骨组织工程的目前发展及未来前景进行综述.方法:应用计算机在PubMed、Web of Science、Medline、中国知网和万方数据库检索涉及DNA水凝胶的药物输送和骨组织工程的相关研究,英文检索词为"DNA hydrogel,drug delivery,bone defect,osteogenic differentiation,osteogenic factor",中文检索词包括"DNA水凝胶、药物输送、基因治疗、应用、细胞培养、骨缺损、成骨分化、成骨因子",检索时间为2021年1月至4月,主要检索DNA水凝胶的类型,及其在药物输送以及骨组织工程的应用文献.结果 与结论:①DNA水凝胶是由交联的DNA链组成的亲水性聚合物网络,作为一种新型的生物大分子功能材料,其易于合成和修饰、序列可编程性,具有亲水性、刺激响应性、生物相容性、生物降解性、以及分子识别和结合、高包封率等特性.②目前纯化和杂化DNA水凝胶的制备方法多样化,其可以实现一般药物的靶向输送治疗,通过DNA结构如非甲基化的胞嘧啶-磷酸-鸟嘌呤二核苷酸的设计,可以实现免疫治疗.③DNA水凝胶作为反义单链核苷酸分子的良好载体,可以应用于基因治疗.④DNA水凝胶可以作为骨组织工程的三维细胞培养场所,其通过携带骨髓间充质干细胞以及成骨促进因子,促进骨形成以及骨组织血管化.

目的:探讨不同年龄段人群的口腔健康状况及对生命质量的影响,为提高人群口腔卫生及生活质量提供参考.方法:参考第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方法,对海口市不同年龄层进行口腔健康以及生命质量调查,分析口腔健康问题对生命质量的影响.结果:人群年龄、刷牙次数、是否使用含氟牙膏、是否爱吃甜食、是否吸烟与口腔健康及生命质量均显著相关(P<0.05或P<0.01).口腔健康的影响程度评分为(35.8±5.1)分,12-15岁组口腔健康影响程度得分较其他年龄组低(P<0.01).生命质量总评分为(69.1±10.8)分,35-44岁组生活质量得分最高(P<0.01).口腔健康影响程度各条目与生命质量呈显著负相关(P<0.05).结论:应加强口腔健康教育,倡导健康文明的生活方式,宣传正确的口腔保健措施,改善人群口腔健康状况,提高生命质量.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的调查海南地区居民口腔健康知识和习惯,并探讨其对口腔疾病及生活质量的影响。方法于2016年1月—2018年10月收集海南地区5 880名受试者资料进行横断面研究,根据收集地域不同将受试者分为城市居民2 980人、农村居民2 900人,采用面对面结构化访谈形式,收集受试者有关口腔健康知识、习惯、口腔感知症状、口腔健康相关生活质量（OHRQOL）等信息,比较城市与农村居民在口腔疾病、口腔健康知识及行为等方面的差异,并采用多变量逻辑回归分析描述口腔健康知识和习惯与口腔疾病的关系。结果城市居民发生龋齿、牙结石分别为542人（18.20%）、715人（24.00%）,明显低于农村居民的684人（23.60%）、、885人（30.50%）,而城市居民牙龈出血为805人（27.0%）,高于农村居民的545人（18.8%）,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=2.937、3.11、5.651,P=0.044、0.042、0.017）。城市居民的口腔知识得分和OHIP-14评分分别为（77.4±9.6）、（38.4±3.8）分,较农村居民的（66.5±13.1）、（31.7±4.5）分有显著提高（t=11.451、4.062,P=0.001、0.023）。无口腔症状居民的口腔知识得分和OHIP-14评分分别为（83.4±10.6）、（40.1±3.4）分,与有口腔症状的居民（60.5±12.7）、（29.4±4.9）分相比显著提高（t=15.451、5.410,P=0.001、0.011）。logistic回归分析结果显示,与感知的口腔症状有明显差异的变量分别为每天刷牙至少2次、不吸烟、每周吃甜食不超过1次和口腔知识评分&gt; 70分。结论有益的口腔健康知识和习惯会对口腔疾病及OHRQOL产生正面影响。</span>

目的:探讨系统性牙周治疗重度慢性牙周炎松动牙的临床疗效.方法:选取2015年3月～2018年6月于海南省人民医院就诊的重度慢性牙周炎患者62例(376颗牙),按照治疗方式的不同分成两组,再按牙齿的松动程度进行分度(Ⅰ～Ⅲ度).对照组30例,松动牙180颗(Ⅰ度110颗,Ⅱ度46颗,Ⅲ度24颗),给予牙周基础治疗;实验组32例,松动牙196颗(Ⅰ度112颗,Ⅱ度52颗,Ⅲ度32颗),进行系统性牙周治疗.比较两组治疗前与治疗后4个月的炎症指标(CRP、TNF-α、IL-33),牙周探诊深度(probing depth,PD)、牙周探诊出血(bleeding of probe,BOP)、牙齿松动度(tooth mobility,TM)改善情况与不良反应发生情况.结果:两组牙周指标与炎性指标治疗后较治疗前有显著改善,且实验组各指标改善效果明显优于对照组(P＜0.01);实验组TM改善率明显优于对照组(P＜0.01);不良反应发生率实验组低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:系统性牙周治疗较单纯的牙周基础治疗,炎症及牙周各项指标显著降低,TM改善率升高,不良反应发生率降低,更有利于改善重度慢性牙周炎患者的牙齿松动情况.

目的 评估临夏市6～7岁学龄儿童第一恒磨牙在局部使用氟保护漆后的防龋效果,为我国落后地区制定学龄儿童龋病预防政策提供参考依据.方法 选取甘肃省临夏市6～7岁学龄儿童1 684名为研究对象,分为观察组(822名)及对照组(862名).观察组在第一恒磨牙局部涂氟,两组均接受常规群体口腔健康教育和口腔卫生指导并进行2年追踪调查研究.结果 观察组患龋率、龋均、干预前已萌第一恒磨牙新增龋面均、实验干预后新萌第一恒磨牙龋面均及龋病指数与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 6～7岁学龄儿童局部使用氟保护漆联合口腔健康教育和口腔卫生指导是较好的群体防龋方法.

ABSTRACT To investigate the effects of X-rays and carbon-ion irradiation on CAL-27 cells and identify the differentially expressed microRNA (miRNA), CAL-27 cells were irradiated with X-rays and heavy-ions. Colony survival and apoptosis rate were measured. The differentially expressed miRNAs among different cell groups were obtained by high throughput sequencing technique and analyzed by Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis. After X-ray and heavy-ion irradiation, the survival rate of CAL-27 cells reduced to 88% and 71%, respectively and the rate of apoptosis increased from 1.9% in the control group to 13.9% and 30.4%, respectively. Compared with X-ray irradiated cells, 33 miRNAs were changed after heavy-ion irradiation, 12 of which were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated. Fifteen pathways were further filtered out using the KEGG database. Compared with X-ray irradiation, heavy-ion irradiation had a greater effect on the expression of miRNAs in CAL-27 cells at the same dose. The mechanism may be related to the MAPK signal transduction pathways.

Odontoma is one of the most common odontogenic tumors in the jaws, and it is widely considered as tooth hamartomas. This article reports a rare compound odontoma with 39 denticles which was checked and diagnosed radical-ly by CBCT, and relevant literatures are reviewed.

目的:研究口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞(oral squamous cell cancer cells,OSCC))外泌体与正常口腔上皮细胞(Human immortalized oral epithelial cell,HOEC)外泌体mRNA之间的表达差异,通过特异性外泌体mRNA表达图谱分析,为探究口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生发展机制打下一定的研究基础.方法:利用高通量测序技术检测CAL-27和HOEC外泌体mRNA表达谱,筛选出差异mRNA,对差异mRNA进行GO(Gene Ontoloty)分析和KEGG通路分析.结果:口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞外泌体中检测到mRNA 44699条,口腔上皮细胞外泌体中mRNA数量为44761条,其中,差异表达的mRNA共471条(234个上调,237个下调).生物信息学分析表明上述差异表达的mRNA参与了口腔癌的生物学调节功能和通路.结论:口腔鳞癌细胞及口腔上皮细胞均能产生丰富的外泌体;口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞外泌体与正常口腔上皮细胞外泌体间mRNA表达谱存在较大差异,差异表达的mRNA在肿瘤的发生、发展及转移过程中可能有重要作用.

Objective:To compare the detection rate of oral Streptococcus mutans in caries-active and healthy patients by concentrated rinse sampling,saliva collection,and cotton swab methods.Methods:The samples were collected from 120 patients with cotton swab,saliva collection,and concentrated rinse methods.Streptococcus mutans were cultured in Murashige & Skoog medium,and verified with microscope.The difference in various methods were analyzed by SPSS22.0.Results:The detection rates of three methods were 93.33％,96.67％,and 91.67％ in caries-active people,and 56.57％,58.33％,and 48.33％ in healthy people.Conclusion:There is no significant difference among three methods(P＞0.05).Cotton swab sampling method is the representative method in clinical for its simple,reliable and convenient characteristics.

Objective To prepare the porous drug-containing membrane by poly (lactic-co glycolic acid) (PLGA)/ chitosan (CS)/nano-hydroxyapatite for guided periodontal tissue regeneration in surgery,and to evaluate its performance in vitro.Methods The samples were divided into four groups by different mass ratios of the PLGA to CS (100 ∶ 0,90 ∶ 10,80 ∶ 20 and 70 ∶ 30).The PLGA/CS/nano-hydroxyapatiteporous films were prepared by freeze-drying process,with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) used as porogen.The best ratio was chosen by detecting the porosity,water absorption,mechanical properties and degradation of the films;and then it was used as drug carrier to prepare membrane material for clindamycin controlled release.The morphology of membrane was observed by scan electronmicroscope,the porosity was detected by anhydrous ethanol liquid displacement method,water absorption was determined by ratio of wet to dry weight of the film,the wet mechanical performance was tested by electronic universal material testing,the degradation was determined by weight loss and swelling degree,and the release character was investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method.In the in vitro experiments,periodontal ligament fibroblast cells (PLFs) were cultured in the membrane for 1-7 days,and cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8.Results The optimal porosity and degradation were found when the mass ratio of PLGA to CS was 90 ∶ 10,with the porosity being (28.66±1.35)％,water absorption being (108.65±2.27)％,tensile strength being (2.36±0.04) MPa,elongation at break of films being (203.64±3.89)％,breaking power being (45.98±2.46) N,and degradation being (17.60±0.86)％.The maximum drug release was 150 μg · mL-1 · d-1,and the effective drug release concentration lasted for 15 d,which could promote the proliferation of PLFs.Conclusion The porous PLGA/CS/nano-hydroxyapatite film prepared in the present study has optimal porosity,its degradation in vitro fit well with the tissue growth,and can create and maintain a specific space for guided periodontal tissue regeneration,allowing for steady drug release for a certain period of time.

CAL-27, a human tongue squamous carcinoma cell line was selected for the experiment. The cell clone formation rate was detected by a cell clone forming experiment and flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis. High throughput sequencing technique (HiSeq) was applied for detecting the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEGs) after irradiating CAL-27 cells with X-rays. Using bioinformatics analysis, the distribution of candidate target genes and significantly enriched GO-term genes were obtained. The main signaling pathways involving the DEGs were obtained using KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The CAL-27 cell clone survival rate of the 2 Gy irradiated group was 59% and the apoptosis rate was 47.5% (p<0.05). After irradiation, 21 miRNAs were altered, of which 18 miRNAs were upregulated (hsa-miR-21-3p, hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-100-3p, etc.) and 3 miRNAs were downregulated (hsa-miR-204-5p, hsa-miR-10a-5p, hsa-miR-146b-5p). When analyzed by GO function, there were 23 GO-terms enriched in biological process, 20 GO-terms enriched in molecular function, and 18 GO-terms enriched in cellular component. Furthermore, 18 KEGG pathways in which the DEGs participated, were screened out including olfactory transduction, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signaling pathway-yeast (p<0.05), etc.These results indicate that X-ray irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy altered the miRNA expression profile of CAL-27 cells, and the underlying mechanism may involve MAPK signaling pathways. This study lays a foundation for further study of miRNAs in the molecular mechanism of tongue squamous carcinoma radiotherapy.

Objective To report a case of supernumerary cusp on the bucca of left maxillary second molar diagnosed by Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT), and to analyze its genesis,diagnosis and antidiastole. The clinic application of CBCT is correspondingly discussed. Methods The supernumerary cusp was diagnosed by oral general examination, oral local X-rayand CBCT. The respective features of supernumerary cusp, fused teeth, geminated teeth and concresence of teeth, especially differential points between them were discussed. Results A case of supernumerary cusp on the bucca of the left maxillary second molar was diagnosed definitely by the combined application of oral general examination, periapical radiograph and CBCT. Conclusion Oral accessory examinations are important, sometimes even necessary in diagnosing oral-maxillofacial diseases such as supernumerary cusp. CBCT has many advantages, such as short scanning time, low ionizing radiation, and high resolution. Therefore, CBCT can improve accuracy of diagnosis, which is why it has been applied in various areas of dentistry.

The level of social security is a measure of a country’s economic development level of the important indicators. Farmers account for the vast majority of China’s population, rural health system reform to improve the health of the whole nation is of great significance. The new rural cooperative medical care (hereinafter referred to as the “new rural cooperative”), since the implementation of the Huimin policy for the people to solve practical problems, effectively alleviate the farmers “difficult to see a doctor, expensive” and other issues, get a lot of people Support, but in the course of its implementation there are many problems. This paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the new medical insurance system, and puts forward relevant suggestions, so that the universal medical insurance policy is effectively implemented, and the health quality of ordinary people has been greatly improved.

目的:制备并筛选出符合ISO 6876:2001标准的聚六亚甲基单胍(PHMG)改性根管封闭剂,测定其物理性能和抑菌性能,以开发具有较强抑菌性能的新型根管封闭剂.方法:以氧化锌丁香油糊剂(ZOE)为对照,按照ISO 6876:2001规定的方法,测定不同PHMG浓度的根管封闭剂的物理性能;采用琼脂扩散法,测定其对粪肠球菌、白色念珠菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性能;并进行统计学分析.结果:11组不同材料的流动性、固化时间、薄膜厚度和溶解率均符合ISO 6876:2001标准;固化后尺寸变化中以浓度为0.8％～2.0％的材料符合ISO6876:2001标准.PHMG根管封闭剂的抑菌性显著高于氧化锌丁香油糊剂的抑菌性(P＜0.05).结论:成功制备出符合新型根管封闭剂要求的PHMG根管封闭剂;PHMG浓度在0.8％～1.4％之间的根管封闭剂性能最佳.

Objective To evaluate a healthy condition for pericementum and determine porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) prevalence in saliva in populations in Lanzhou area,and provide a scientific basis in prevention of pericementum diseases. Methods Saliva samples were collected from 942 residents in Lanzhou.After anaerobic cultivation,the black-pigmented colonies were selected and identified by Gram staining and biochemical analysis.Results The incidence for pericenmen-tum was 78.45%.There were no statistical difference in the prevalence rate between male and female individuals (P =0.655).The incidence for residents living in urban area was 46.55%,which was less than that for residents living in rural area (53.45%,),with a statistical difference (P =0.029)in both populations.The prevalence rate of pericementum deseases was a statistically significant difference (P =0.001)in different age stages along with age growing.The positive rate for Pg in saliva from populations in Lanzhou was 71.23%.Pg was detected in 83.22% patients suffered from perice-mentum diseases more than in 27.57% from the healthy subjects,there was a statistically significant defference (P =0.000)in both of them.Conclusion The healthy conditions for pericementum are associated with age,gender,and living environment in populations in Lanzhou area and Pg distributions are different in different healthy conditions related to pericementum in the populations.

目的:定量检测慢性牙周炎患者、牙周健康人群唾液中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的含量,比较其在各组人群分布的差异.方法:应用SYBR Green模式的实时荧光定量PCR技术,针对Pg特异基因Arg-gingipain设计引物,检测20例慢性牙周炎和20例牙周健康者唾液内Pg的含量,t检验分析比较在各组人群中Pg定植的差异.结果:慢性牙周炎患者唾液中,Pg的检出数目为(1.78×103～1.99×105),检出率为85％;牙周健康者唾液中,Pg的检出数目为(2.19×103～2.30×103),检出率为10％.Pg在慢性牙周炎和牙周健康者唾液中检出数目和检出率的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:慢性牙周炎唾液中,牙龈卟啉单胞菌较正常人群明显升高,在今后的研究及防治中,不仅要观察龈沟液中的牙龈卟啉单胞菌,也应注意其在唾液中含量的变化.

目的:从口腔中分离枯草芽孢杆菌并验证其代谢产物对主要致龋菌的抑制作用.方法:搔刮法提取牙菌斑,平板稀释法筛选出细菌后,进行形态学观察及16S rDNA基因序列的比对.琼脂平板打孔法检测其代谢产物对变形链球菌、粘性放线菌及嗜酸乳杆菌的抑菌活性.结果:从牙菌斑中分离出3株细菌,通过形态学及16S rD-NA基因序列检测确定为枯草芽孢杆菌;其代谢产物对变形链球菌、粘性放线菌、嗜酸乳杆菌均具有抑制作用,其中对粘性放线菌抑制作用最强.结论:牙菌斑中可以分离出枯草芽孢杆菌,并且其代谢产物对主要致龋菌具有抑制作用,枯草芽孢杆菌有望作为益生菌在龋病防治中发挥重要作用.

Objective:To study the oral microbial community structure in caries-active and caries-free objects using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.Methods:14 volunteers in Kangle County,Gansu Province were selected,7 caries-active cases (DMFT≥4,CA group),7 caries-free cases (CF group),saliva DNA were extracted and PCR amplification.Using Illumina Miseq sequencing platform,two-terminal sequencing of V4 areas of 16S rRNA was carried; diversity of community structure was analyzed using the software such as Mothur,MEGAN4,Cluster 3.0 and Java Treeview software.Results:In total,118151 measured sequences,5738 OTUs and 2795 species were found in 10 samples,belonging to 27 phyla,218 genera.There were some discrepancies between CA group and CF group,at the phylum level,Firmicutes and SR1 in CA group were lower than in CF group.At the genus level,Rothia,Alistipes and Catonella in CA group were lower than in CF group.Scardovia in CA group was higher than in CF group;OTUs were 550.2±26.48 in CA group and 597.4±66.07 in CF group,Simpson index was 0.73±0.03 in CA group and 0.49±0.01 in CF group,but both of them had no statistical difference between the two groups.Conclusion:The microbial community structure in saliva were complicated; the variety in CA group was lower than that in CF group; The existence of Rothia,Alistipes and Catonella et al.had a negative correlation with caries,otherwise Scardovia et al.had a positive correlation with caries.