Electrochemical co-reduction of CO2 and nitrate to produce urea is a sustainable alternative to the Bosch-Meiser process, yet its practical application is impeded by slow C-N coupling kinetics and limited urea selectivity. Here, we design a bcc/fcc hetero-phase PdCuIn metallene (b/f-PdCuIn-ene) catalyst for urea electrosynthesis from CO2 and nitrate. The resultant b/f-PdCuIn-ene catalyst achieves a urea yield rate of 2096.2 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 and a faradaic efficiency of 37.7% at a low potential of -0.3 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, along with good stability. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verifies the generation of key *CO and *NH2 intermediates during the CO2/nitrate co-reduction process. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the bcc/fcc hetero-phase structure could balance the adsorption of *CO and *NH2 intermediates and promote the C-N coupling reaction for urea synthesis. This study provides an effective crystal phase engineering strategy for tailoring metallene catalysts toward urea electrosynthesis.

Electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation reaction (ESHR) represents a promising sustainable production route, making the electrocatalytic synthesis of alkenol from alkynol at near-industrial current densities particularly significant. However, large current densities readily promote the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which consequently reduces the overall reaction efficiency. Here, we report a PdSb metallene (PdSb ene) electrocatalyst that overcomes this limitation by functioning as an efficient "active hydrogen reservoir". The p-d orbital hybridization induced by Sb incorporation modulates the electronic structure of Pd, which facilitates water dissociation, stabilizes H* intermediates, and steers the hydrogenation pathway toward thermodynamic favorability. Operating at a current density of -200 mA cm-2, the PdSb ene catalyst achieved the semi-hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY) to 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBE) with a 92% conversion, 96% selectivity, and 88% Faradaic efficiency, while maintaining stable performance for over 400 h. This work demonstrates that constructing an orbital‑hybridization‑driven "active hydrogen reservoir" is a viable strategy for efficient electrosynthesis under demanding conditions.

Losartan, a widely prescribed antihypertensive agent, has attracted growing interest as a potential adjuvant in cancer therapy due to its affordability, established safety profile and pleiotropic effects. Emerging preclinical evidence demonstrates that losartan can effectively modulate the tumour microenvironment (TME) by inhibiting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling, reducing stromal stiffness and improving vascular perfusion. These changes are shown to enhance the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, an effect potentially amplified when combined with nanocarriers by augmenting the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Beyond TME remodelling, losartan has demonstrated anti-tumour activity across various preclinical models, including those of pancreatic, breast and colorectal cancers. Mechanistically, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockade is reported to modulate key downstream oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/AKT and YAP/TAZ, and to promote vascular normalisation via mechanisms that may include VEGF downregulation, thereby alleviating hypoxia and improving radiotherapy response. Furthermore, evidence suggests losartan remodels the tumour immune landscape by promoting CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration, reprogramming tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and suppressing immunosuppressive cytokines. It also appears to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis-related pathways, including CXCR4/SDF-1α and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). These multifaceted mechanisms highlight its potential as a therapeutic adjuvant capable of overcoming stromal barriers, mitigating immune evasion and limiting metastatic dissemination. However, the translation of these compelling preclinical findings into clinical practice remains a major challenge. The promising preclinical data are tempered by variable efficacy across cancer types, a nascent clinical evidence base and unresolved questions regarding optimal patient selection and dosing. Clinical validation is still nascent, predominantly limited to early-phase trials and critical parameters such as optimal dosing, treatment sequencing and long-term safety in oncology patients await rigorous definition. This review synthesises the current mechanistic and translational research on losartan in solid tumours, aiming to clarify its anti-cancer properties, explore its synergy with nano- and immune-therapeutics, critically assess the associated challenges and identify key gaps and future directions for clinical application. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01821729 and NCT03563248.

Urea electrosynthesis from aqueous co-electrolysis of CO2 and NO3- offers a promising alternative to traditional Bosch-Meiser urea production, which however restricted by low urea synthesis efficiency and high energy input associated with cathodic and anodic overpotentials. Here, a Cu-In2O3/C catalyst composed of Cu and In dual-active-sites with tailored electronic structure to boost ambient urea synthesis is reported. Detailed experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that the asymmetric Cu(3d)-O(2p)-In(5p) orbital hybridization effect allows electrons migrating from In2O3 to Cu and triggers electron redistribution at the Cu-In2O3 interface, which significantly reduces the CO* and NH2* intermediate formation energy and C-N coupling energy barrier and thereby enables selective urea synthesis on the Cu-In2O3/C catalyst. Moreover, an energy-saving coupled urea synthesis system by integrating with electro-reforming of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste plastic to glycolic acid is demonstrated, which realize the simultaneous electrocatalytic upgrading of three kinds of wastes/pollutants into value-added chemicals.

Platinum‑resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) is a significant clinical challenge due to the limited number of treatment options and poor outcomes. Moreover, cytotoxic drugs have an unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy, high toxicity and side effects. An antibody‑drug conjugate (ADC) is a novel cancer therapeutic strategy that combines an antibody, a linker and a payload. ADCs precisely target the tumor cells by binding to the antigen on the surface of tumor cells, thus accurately delivering the cytotoxic drugs and minimizing systemic toxicity. The approval of mirvetuximab soravtansine by the US Food and Drug Administration for treating folate receptor alpha‑positive, platinum‑resistant epithelial ovarian cancer has promoted studies on the use of ADCs in ovarian cancer. A phase III clinical trial showed that mirvetuximab soravtansine achieved an objective remission rate of 42.3% in platinum‑resistant, FRα‑positive ovarian cancer, compared with 15.9% using chemotherapy, demonstrating its immense potential for ADC development. The present review summarizes the research progress on the use of ADCs in PROC as a monotherapy and combination therapy and considers the future development direction of ADCs in PROC.

Electrocatalytic semi-hydrogenation reaction (ESHR) using water as a hydrogen source is a promising route for alkenol production. However, achieving high activity, selectivity, and noble metal efficiency remains challenging. Here, we synthesized Pd1Cu/N-doped carbon (Pd1Cu/CN) nanowire arrays for ESHR. In 0.5 M Na2CO3 and 0.1 M 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBY) electrolyte, Pd1Cu/CN exhibited 96.0 % MBY conversion and 95.9 % 2methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBE) selectivity. The high-rate MBE synthesis efficiency was sustained in the flow cell at an industrial current density of 0.66 A cm-2, with the MBE selectivity of 99.2 % and the Faradaic efficiency of 85.2 %. Experiments and DFT calculations reveal that Pd single atoms and metal-support interactions enhance electron localization, promoting MBY adsorption and MBE desorption. The Pd single atoms accelerate water dissociation to generate H*, allowing these hydrogen atoms to diffuse on copper, creating an H*-spillover effect. This reduces the energy barrier of the potential-determining step (HC2R*-H2C2R*), facilitating the progress of ESHR. This study provides new insights into the design of ESHR catalysts from the perspective of single-atom alloys.

BACKGROUND: Fumarate hydratase (FH) is a key mitochondrial enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, catalyzing the reversible hydration of fumarate to malate, thereby facilitating aerobic ATP production and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in the FH gene are strongly linked to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC), a rare hereditary cancer syndrome characterized by cutaneous and/or uterine leiomyomas and a markedly increased risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). These variants span a wide spectrum of genetic alterations, including missense, nonsense, frameshift, splice-site variants, as well as large genomic deletions. However, the relationship between specific pathogenic FH variant subtypes and the risk of developing HLRCC-associated RCC remains unclear. Therefore, this study systematically reviewed the existing literatures and conducted a meta-analysis to preliminarily explore the potential role of different functional subtypes of FH variants in the development of HLRCC-associated RCC, providing a basis for future clinical risk stratification and personalized surveillance strategies. METHODS: We systematically searched 4 major electronic databases—PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science—for relevant studies. To evaluate the association between pathogenic or likely pathogenic FH variant subtypes (Missense vs. Loss-of-Function (LOF)) and the risk of HLRCC-associated RCC, we performed a fixed-effects meta-analysis based on unadjusted odds ratios (ORs). In addition, exploratory subgroup analyses were performed by geographic region (North America and Europe), histological subtype (particularly type II papillary RCC (Type II PRCC)), tumor characteristics (such as distant metastasis and clinical stage), and study design (variant/gene-first vs. phenotype-first). These stratifications were intended to assess whether clinical or methodological features might modulate the observed associations and to provide context for future hypothesis-driven research. All statistical tests were two-sided, and heterogeneity was assessed using standard metrics. Effect estimates are reported as ORs with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Individuals harboring pathogenic or likely pathogenic FH LOF variants exhibited a significantly higher risk of developing HLRCC-associated RCC compared to those harboring missense variants (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28 to 2.38, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis by geographic region showed a significant association in North American cohorts (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.11 to 2.43, p < 0.05), while the association was not statistically significant in European cohorts (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.57 to 2.17, p > 0.05). Stratification by study design further revealed a stronger association in variant-first or gene-first cohorts (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.55, p < 0.05), while no significant association was observed in phenotype-first cohorts (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 0.81 to 2.22, p > 0.05). Among patients diagnosed with HLRCC-associated RCC, those with LOF variants were more likely to present with advanced-stage disease at diagnosis. In contrast, patients with missense variants were more frequently associated with Type II PRCC and exhibited a higher propensity for distant metastasis. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that individuals harboring pathogenic or likely pathogenic FH LOF variants may have an approximately 1.75-fold higher risk of developing HLRCC-associated RCC compared to those with missense variants. While the pooled effect was statistically significant, subgroup analyses revealed regional and ascertainment-related differences, indicating potential underlying heterogeneity. These findings underscore the potential utility of FH variant subtypes as biomarkers for individualized risk assessment. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate these associations and guide surveillance strategies in hereditary renal cancer syndromes.

A B-doped Pd-In intermetallic bimetallene was synthesized for urea electrosynthesis from CO2 and NO3-. The ordered arrangement of Pd and In sites in the intermetallic structure can meet the distinct requirements for NO3-/CO2 adsorption and activation. Moreover, the interstitial doping of B atoms can regulate the electronic structure of Pd and In active sites and promote the generation of key intermediates and C-N coupling reactions.

In response to the burgeoning energy crisis and emission reduction, the exploration of highly efficient photocatalysts and the corresponding optimization strategies for water splitting has emerged as a critical research focus. Herein, we have theoretically identified a novel Sr(BiO2)2 monolayer with outstanding stabilities, appropriate indirect band gap, perfect band-edge alignments, efficient carrier separation, and excellent visible-light harvesting capability based on first-principles calculations, implying its great potentials for efficient photocatalytic water splitting. During the overall water splitting redox reactions, the oxygen evolution reaction can proceed spontaneously under light illumination, while the hydrogen evolution reaction requires an additional external energy to proceed. The optimization strategies, including isoelectronic doping and strain engineering, were employed to lower the energy barrier for the hydrogen evolution reaction. Excitingly, isoelectronic doping, which replaces the O atom of Sr(BiO2)2 with S, Se, or Te atoms, can effectively lower the additional potential required for spontaneous hydrogen evolution reaction from 1.53 V to 1.06 V, 0.53 V and 0.43 V, respectively. Remarkably, the hydrogen production reaction of Sr(BiO2)2 monolayer can nearly occur spontaneously under a 7% biaxial tensile strain, necessitating only an additional potential of 0.03 V. Overall, these findings provide novel insights and opportunities for future experimental designing high-performance photocatalysts in water splitting applications.

The electrocatalytic upgrading of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics and nitrate-containing wastewater into value-added chemicals provides a promising sustainable strategy for dual-waste utilization. In this work, metallene arrays with a Turing structure were constructed through the self-assembly of high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanocrystals (PdPtCuNiAg MARs) and applied for the upcycling of PET plastics coupled with the electrosynthesis of ammonia. The electrocatalytic coupled system can achieve a current density of 400 mA cm-2 at a low voltage of 1.18 V and exhibits excellent Faraday efficiencies of glycolic acid and NH3 (FEGA > 95.8%, FENH3 > 93.4%) over a wide potential range. Furthermore, the coupled system remains stable over 120 h, enabling efficient coproduction of GA and NH3. The Turing structure provides topological ordering and a high density of exposed active sites, which enhances reaction kinetics. The combination of experimental and density functional theory calculation results indicates that the microstrain effect modulates the electronic environment of the catalyst surface, which regulates the adsorption strength of *OC-CH2OH and *NO in the EGOR and NO3RR processes, thereby lowering the reactive energy barriers of the rate-determining step.

Primary peritoneal serous borderline tumor (PPSBT) is a rare, low-malignant-potential neoplasm arising from the peritoneum, diagnosed only after excluding ovarian involvement. While typically discovered incidentally during surgery, it often presents with infertility or abdominal pain in young women. Due to its favorable prognosis and the desire to preserve fertility, fertility-sparing surgery (FSS) is a critical consideration. We report a case of PPSBT in a reproductive-aged woman who underwent three FSS procedures, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Our findings support FSS as a viable option for PPSBT patients after thorough exclusion of ovarian malignancy. This case underscores the importance of comprehensive surgical staging and multidisciplinary evaluation to optimize oncological and reproductive outcomes. Further research is needed to standardize management strategies for this rare condition.

Electrochemical upcycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolysate into value‐added chemicals presents a sustainable solution to address plastic pollution and energy demands. However, conventional noble metal‐based electrocatalysts often suffer from rapid deactivation due to surface oxidation and intermediate poisoning, while conventional pulse strategies exhibit compromised efficiency during resting potentials. Herein, an alternating (ALT) pulse strategy is developed utilizing a mesoporous high‐entropy film (m‐HEA/NF) bifunctional catalyst that enables continuous anodic production of glycolic acid (GA) coupled with cathodic H 2 evolution. The system achieves 97% Faradaic efficiency for GA (FE GA ) and ≈100% FE H2 at 250 mA cm −2 with GA and H 2 production rates (PR GA and PR H2 ) of 2.284 mmol cm −2 h −1 and 108 mL cm −2 h −1 , respectively, representing a significant improvement over the conventional pulse strategy. Notably, the membrane‐free flow system delivers a current of 2 A with a PR GA of 15.114 mmol cm −2 h −1 , demonstrating remarkable potential for industrial implementation. In situ spectroscopic analysis reveals that the ALT pulse strategy effectively mitigates metal oxidation and prevents intermediate accumulation through periodic regeneration of active sites, while the alternating anodic/cathodic cycles eliminate resting periods to enhance operational efficiency. The work establishes a universal paradigm for sustainable electrosynthesis, integrating plastic valorization with energy‐efficient H 2 production.

2D materials, especially 2D superlattices with tailored geometries, represent an emerging class of promising electrocatalysts for sustainable energy conversion. However, the development of 2D superlattices has been largely confined to self-assembled layered structures, and it remains a great challenge to rationally design the distances between neighboring metal sites at the atomic level to match the adsorption configurations of key species in the target reaction pathways. In this work, a general strategy is reported for synthesizing Ru metallene nanobelts (Ru-ene) in-plane superlattices using molten salts as space-confined growth templates. The fabricated Ru-ene superlattices consist of Ru atom pairs separated by atomic-level distance periodicity of 0.32 nm and a high density of active sites. Both experiments and DFT calculations show that the Ru-ene superlattices structure enhances the adsorption of H2O and accelerates the desorption of H*. The Ru-ene superlattices exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance with a small overpotential (eta 10 = 50 mV), a low Tafel slope (42.38 mV dec-1), as well as good long-term stability. This work not only provides a new method for constructing in-plane superlattices materials, but also establishes an intrinsic mechanistic correlation between the atomic distance, Delta GH* of H-adsorption, and the HER performance.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is typically associated with malignancy, sepsis, or obstetric complications. Its occurrence in benign tumors, particularly uterine leiomyomas, is extremely rare. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman with two months of menorrhagia. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, prolonged clotting times, hypofibrinogenemia, and markedly elevated D-dimer and fibrin degradation products (FDP) levels. Coagulation factor activities (V, VIII, XII) were reduced. Thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) and plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) were elevated, and thromboelastography (TEG) indicated hypocoagulability with hyperfibrinolysis. Image revealed a large degenerating uterine fibroid. Comprehensive workup excluded autoimmune, neoplastic, and inherited causes. After perioperative antifibrinolytic and coagulation management, hysterectomy was performed. Pathology confirmed extensive intratumoral thrombosis. Coagulation parameters normalized postoperatively without requiring transfusion, and no thrombotic events were observed. This case highlights a rare but important cause of DIC with hyperfibrinolysis secondary to a benign uterine tumor. It underscores the value of TEG and molecular markers in diagnosis and management, and the need to consider benign tumors in the differential diagnosis of unexplained coagulopathy.

Herein, oxygen-vacancy-rich Co3O4-CuO nanowires on Cu foam (Co3O4-CuO/CF) have been prepared for urea electrosynthesis. The Co3O4-CuO heterostructure significantly boosts electron transformation and reaction kinetics, and abundant oxygen vacancies substantially facilitate the adsorption and activation of CO2 and nitrate. As such, the Co3O4-CuO/CF demonstrates an impressive faradaic efficiency of 35.89% and urea yield of 1.12 mg cm-2 h-1, while maintaining exceptional cycle durability.

We present a fetus in which, during the second trimester, ultrasound examination revealed multiple structural brain abnormalities and abnormal foot posture. Trio whole-exome sequencing (trio-WES) identified a novel homozygous frameshift variant in the FLVCR1 gene (NM_014053.4: c.1393_1402delCTTCTTAATGinsAC, p.Leu465fs). To our knowledge, prenatal reports on FLVCR1 gene variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, absent speech, and hypotonia (NEDMISH) remain limited. This case expands the known prenatal phenotypic and genotypic spectrum associated with FLVCR1 gene variants.

Electrocatalytic urea synthesis from CO2 and NO3- offers a dual solution for greenhouse gas mitigation and industrial effluent valorization, while enabling renewable energy storage. Rational design of advanced catalysts for urea electrosynthesis represents a scientifically critical yet persistently challenging endeavor. In this study, we developed Pd-Bi dilute alloy metallene arrays grown on Cu foam (Pd-Bi/CF) by a two-step galvanic replacement strategy. The optimized Pd10-Bi90/CF could deliver a notable urea yield rate of 2165.2 mu g h-1 cm-2 with 45.3% faradaic efficiency at -0.25 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Experimental and computational studies validated that d-p orbital hybridization between d-block Pd and p-block Bi in Pd10-Bi90/CF modulates the electronic structure of active sites, thereby facilitating adsorption and activation of NO3- and CO2, synergistic generation of key intermediates *NH2 and *CO, and selective C-N coupling toward urea synthesis. This study demonstrates a viable pathway toward optimizing Bi-based catalysts for electrocatalytic urea synthesis.