目的:应用血流介导的血管舒张反应评价美沙酮维持治疗者的血管内皮功能.方法:选取2017年1月-2018年12月在本区各医疗机构收治的52例吸毒者为研究对象,其中24例美沙酮门诊初诊者为美沙酮初诊组,28例美沙酮维持治疗者为美沙酮维持治疗组,同时选取30例健康志愿者作为正常对照组.比较三组肱动脉基础内径、肱动脉反应性充血内径、肱动脉基础血流速度、减压后肱动脉最大血流速度、肱动脉血流介导的内径扩张值.结果:美沙酮维持治疗组及美沙酮初诊组肱动脉基础内径均大于正常对照组,且美沙酮初诊组大于美沙酮维持治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).美沙酮初诊组、美沙酮维持治疗组肱动脉血流介导内径扩张值明显低于正常对照组,且美沙酮初诊组低于美沙酮维持治疗组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).美沙酮初诊组肱动脉基础血流速度明显高于美沙酮维持治疗组及正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).三组肱动脉反应性充血内径、减压后肱动脉最大血流速度比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)结论:可利用FMD技术长期随访美沙酮维持治疗患者的血管内皮功能,根据FMD结果评价美沙酮维持治疗的效果,建议在临床中广泛应用.

目的 应用速度向量成像技术(VVI)结合心肌做功指数(Tei指数)评价海洛因依赖者左心室功能,以探索反映早期心肌功能异常的敏感性指标.方法 30例海洛因长期依赖者作为病例组,30例参加体检的健康者作为对照组,常规测量各心腔大小、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短率(LVFS)等指标;在多普勒模式下测量Tei指数;取心尖四腔的速度向量图像,测定左室各节段的收缩期峰值血流速度(Vp)、峰值应变(S)、峰值应变率(SR).结果 病例组的LVEF、LVFS均低于对照组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);病例组的Tei指数(0.52±0.06)明显高于对照组(0.35±0.04),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).病例组左室各节段的Vp、S、SR均较对照组下降,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 与常规测量左心室功能的方法相比,VVI技术结合Tei指数能够客观、准确地评价海洛因依赖者的心肌运动功能,对临床诊治及判断预后具有重要的指导意义.

Objective To study the awareness rate and infection status of AIDS among pregnant women in Longgang district,and provide scientific evidence for intervention strategies and measures of STD/AIDS. Methods Cross sectional survey research method was used in the study. 500 pregnant women underwent initial prenatal care and 500 women underwent artificial abortion for the first time in Longgang district People′s Hospital were randomly selected and conducted a question naire survey. The blood samples were collected for the detection of HIV and TP. The data was analyzed by descriptive epidemiolog ical method. Results The awareness rate of HIV was 57.7% in abortion women ,and 74.9% in pregnant women. There were 58.80%abortion women and 55.00%pregnant women who were very willing to use condoms. There was HIV positive in 1 case (0.20%),and Syphilis positive in 1 case(0.20%)in pregnant women. There were 4 case(0.80%)of HIV positive,on syphilis positive in abortion women. Conclusions The awareness rate of AID was low;the willingness to use condoms was strong in pregnant women in Longgang district. The government should carry out diversified health education for all the people.

目的 探讨彩色多普勒阴道超声不同照射时间对人早孕胚胎绒毛超微结构的影响.方法96例拟行人工流产的早期妊娠孕妇患者随机分为A、B、C、D、E组,分别采用彩色多普勒阴道超声照射0、5、10、15、20 min.6～8 h后行人流术取绒毛,透射电子显微镜观察.结果 阴道超声引起的胚胎绒毛超微结构变化主要发生在合体滋养层,其次是细胞滋养层,间质改变最少,基膜基本无改变.A组超微结构正常,B～E组胚胎绒毛超微结构均有不同程度变化,其中D组变异率高于A～C组(P＜0.05),E组变异率高于A～D组(P＜0.05).结论 阴道彩色多普勒持续照射超过10 min对人早孕胚胎绒毛超微结构有明显影响.

Objective To analyze the consistency of the data from past influenza surveillance system and new school syndrome surveillance system, and evaluate the effect of the combined use of a variety of monitoring modes in Longgang district of Shenzhen city. Methods All data during 2011-2014 were compared to data from the Shenzhen Disease Control Information System. Representativeness, authenticity, stability, timeliness and other aspects of the two systems were evaluated to reveal their early warning effects. Results The monitoring system data showed a certain representation since influenza sentinel sites covered 34.30% of the region′s population. The sensitivity and specificity of the system were valued by the indicator of 5%increase of ILI% compared with the previous five weeks. The specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value were 91.43%, 62.50%and 72.73%, respectively, but the sensitivity was only 29.71%. The system showed lower sensitivity, reported ILI% ahead of one weeks showed a good correlation (r=0.45, P<0.05) between Student Health Information Monitoring System and Information Management System for Disease Control. Conclusion The existing influenza surveillance system in Longgang district has certain representativeness, and good reliability and stability. But the sensitivity and specificity of the monitoring system need to be improved.

Objective:To analyze the ultrasonographic characteristics of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) ,so as to improve the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC. Methods:Included in this study were 45 PTC patients with cervical lymph node metastasis (128 lymph nodes) as confirmed by surgery or fine-needle aspiration biopsy. All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasonography. We analyzed the sonographic features of lymph node metastasis in these patients. Results:A total of 128 metastatic cervical lymph nodes were identified,which were chiefly located at the levels VI (43.7%),Ⅲ (26.6%) and IV (16.4%). The size of lymph nodes measured 8~38 mm by long diameter,and 4~25 mm by short diameter. On Doppler ultrasonography, cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC were mostly presented as:L/S<2 ( 87. 5%) , short diameter>8 mm ( 74. 2%) , loss ( 68%) or shifting ( 26. 6%) of lymph hilum, clear boundary ( 72. 7%) , microcalcifications with or without macrocalcifications ( 70. 3%) , cystic degeneration (43%),peripheral vascular pattern (47.6%),mixed vascular pattern (35.2%),arterial blood flow RI>0. 7 ( 53. 1%) . Conclusion:Cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC can be characteristic on ultrasound imaging. Comprehensive and careful analysis of the sonographic features may help improve diagnostic accuracy of cervical lymph node metastasis.

目的 分析黑白与彩色多普勒阴道超声不同检查时间对早孕胚胎绒毛超微结构的影响.方法 选取人工流产的早孕者120例,随机分为两组,彩超组60例予阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,其中检查5 min者20例,10 min者18例,15 min者22例.黑白组60例予阴道黑白B超检查,其中检查5 min者19例,10 min者19例,15 min者22例.对比两组胚胎绒毛超微结构变异率及绒毛DNA单链断裂和双链断裂的情况.结果 检查5 min和10 min,两组胚胎绒毛超微结构变异率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);检查15 min,彩超组绒毛超微结构变异率高于黑白组(P＜0.05).检查5 min,两组DNA单链和双链断裂情况比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).检查10 min及15 min,彩超组绒毛DNA单链、双链断裂均较黑白组增加,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).彩超组:绒毛超微结构变异率,5 min组和10 min组无差异,15 min组高于10 min组.随着检查时间延长,DNA单链、双链断裂增加,5 min组＜10 min组＜15 min组.黑白组:检查15 min内,绒毛超微结构变异率无差异.15 min组DNA单链、双链断裂较10 min组增加(P＜0.05).结论 阴道黑白超声检查15 min内,对胚胎绒毛超微结构影响较小.阴道彩色多普勒超声检查超过10 min,对胚胎绒毛超微结构影响会增加.超声检查选择应结合临床情况,并控制检查时间.

Objective To explore the diagnostic significance of ultrasonography in the antenatal screening of fetal limb deformity. Methods A total of 600 pregnant women within 16 to 40 weeks were selected. They had all received antena-tal ultrasonography regularly since the detection of full fetus. Fetal deformity was observed and fetal position and growth condition were analyzed. The results were compared with postnatal diagnostic results, and the advantages of an-tenatal ultrasonography towards the diagnosis of fetal limb deformity were analyzed. Results In this study, 8 types of limb deformity were observed via antenatal ultrasonography, altogether 11 infants. 2 infants were missed diagnosis. The confirmed diagnosis rate was 84.6%. Among the deformed infants, shortening of the limbs, strephenopodia, abnormal hand and foot positions and syndactylia were commonly seen. Conclusion Antenatal ultrasonography for pregnant wom-en during the second trimester helps detect the fetal limb deformity in a timely basis, which has a high diagnosis rate and is worthy of clinical promotion.

目的:应用三维超声成像探讨剖宫产子宫放置宫内节育器(IUD)位置异常与宫腔形态的关系。方法:对39例剖宫产术后放置IUD位置异常的病例进行三维超声成像,观测子宫腔形态及各类型IUD的宫内情况。结果:39例均获得满意三维超声成像图,成像率100%。超声显像不同程度子宫形态改变的有34例,占87.18%;子宫形态未见明显异常的有5例,占12.82%,两者比较P<0.05。子宫形态改变主要以宫体狭长、宫腔纵横径比例>2∶1居多;IUD位置下移的有20例,占51.3%;取出的IUD中,大号和中号的IUD占90%。结论:剖宫产子宫放置IUD出现的位置异常情况多合并有子宫腔形态改变,宫腔的形态改变可能是导致IUD选择不当、放置后位置异常的主要原因。

OBJECTIVE The study was conducted to determine the characteristics and epidemic trend of bacillary dysentery in Kaiyang County, so to provide scientific bases for the development of preventive measures against bacillary dysentery.METHODS Descriptive analyses were performed on suveillance data on the epidemics and epidemiology of bacillary dysentery occurred in Kaiyang County between 2004 and 2010. RESULTS Morbidity of bacillary dysentery occurred in Kaiyang between 2004 and 2010 fluctuated between 15.54 per 100 000 and 39.57 per 10 000, with an average annual morbidity of26.56 per 100 000. While the epidemic was mostly sporadic, some towns had larger outbreaks of the disease. Bacillary dysentery occurred year-round and peaked between May and October. The disease was prevalent among all age groups, especially among children younger than the age of 5(33.15%). In terms of the occupation of the patients, farmers, students, children,and toddlers had the highest to lowest morbidity. Positive rate of Shigella isolated from samples surveyed between 2008 and2010 was 8.52%, with 54.29% being S. sonnei and 45.71% being S. flexneri; multiple drug resistance was observed in the strains. Most of the confirmed cases were in moderate-to-mild or non-typical conditions, and consistency on clinical diagnosis of the patients was 38.24%. CONCLUSION While morbidity of bacillary dysentery has been decreasing in Kaiyang, potential outbreaks of bacillary dysentery may still occur in certain regions. In addition, epidemic strain in the area has varied, resulting in strains with increasingly strong drug resistances. Futhermore, non-typical clinical symptoms of the disease have emgered, leading to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Therefore, reinforcement of the prevention and suveillance of bacillary dysentery in Kaiyang is suggested.

Objective To identify novel susceptibility loci for aortic dissection.Methods 150 patients with aortic dissection were involved as case group and 250 volunteers as control group.Illumina Human660W-Quad v1.0 DNA Analysis BeadChip Kit with DNA pooling was used in the screening stage,and 5 high-ranked single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were included in this panel.Results Results showed that the number of women in the control group was significantly more than that in the case group(P0.01).There was no statistical significant difference in the age,smoking,hypertension and diabetes population(P0.05).Variants SNPs rs2970873 in the PPARGC1A gene,rs12678080 in the SGCZ gene,rs489526 in the UNC13C gene,rs6928665 in the TRAM2 gene and rs17837003 in the ACCN1 gene may be related to the incidence of aortic dissection.Conclusions Pooling-based genome-wide association scans has been shown to be a cost-efficient way to select candidate susceptibility loci.Variants SNPs rs2970873,rs12678080,rs489526,rs6928665 and rs17837003 were found having increased susceptibility with aortic dissection.

Objective To know the trend of HIV infection and behavior change among drug users in Longgang district of Shenzhen, and provide basis for prevention of AIDS. Methods SPSS17.0 was adopted to analyze the HIV sentinel surveillance data from 2009 to 2011 in Longgang district of Shenzhen. Results There were 1 214 drug users surveyed from 2009 to 2011, with an average annual HIV infection rate of 2.31%, and the rate of heroin user declined year by year (declined from 64.75% to 36.66%). The rate of the 2 new drugs users showed a rising trend year by year (rose from 17.50% to 39.65%). The annual AIDS awareness rate was 53.13%, showing a rising trend year by year. The rate of the needle sharing among drug-injection users was 45.49%. The rate of never using condoms in commercial sexual promiscuity showed a rising trend year by year (rose from 25.64% to 57.14%). Conclusion More attention should be paid on the use of the 2 new drugs in Longgang district of Shenzhen although the HIV infection rate of drug users remains on a low level.

Objective Application of velocity vector imaging(VVI)and conventional echocardiographic indices evaluating left ventricular systolic function in heroin addicts, in order to explore the sensitivity indicators reflects the early systolic dysfunction.Methods 30 healthy persons and 30 cases of heroin addicts were studied at apical four-chamber view using VVI,the systolic peak velocity(Vp),systolic peak displacement(D),systolic peak strain rate(SR)and strain were measured respectively for each segment of both groups.Results ① The results of conventional echocardiography:compared with the control group, the left ventricular function in heroin addicts had no significant changes(P 0.05).②The results of VVI:compared with A, in B group of all left ventricular segments,the maximum displacement,velocity had declined, strain, strain rate decreased significantly(P0.05),this shown that regional left ventricular function in heroin addicts were significantly decreased compared with normal subjects.Conclusion Velocity vector imaging can objectively and accurately evaluate myocardial heroin motor function,it has important guiding significance on clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.

[Objective]To establish the evaluation criterion,and analyze the results of proficiency testing in CDC microbiology laboratories in Chengdu from 2004 to 2009.[Methods]Evaluated the ability of the microbiological laboratory quantitative detections with Z scores,which recognized the result of ∣Z∣≤2 as satisfactory,2﹤∣Z∣﹤3 as suspicious and ∣Z∣ ≥ 3 as unacceptable;while qualitation detection with critical control point system.[Results]The proficiency testing results indicated that the quantitative detections in the tested laboratories were acceptable and the amount of laboratories awarded satisfactory increased.[Conclusion]The established evaluation criterions of laboratory proficiency testing are objective and practical,which promote the continuous improvement in quality of laboratory detection.

Potassium is the major cation in human cells,serum potassium and acid—base balance of body fluids to maintain osmotic pressure,intracellular potassium is maintained nerve,muscle stress and cell electrical activity stability.Metabolic disorder of potassium can cause abnormal cardiac electrical activity,serious or even life-threatening arrhythmias.

目的强化对主动脉夹层（AD）临床表现及影像特征的认识,提高诊治水平,降低患者病死率。方法回顾性分析我院30例AD患者的临床表现、影像学特征、治疗及预后情况。结果 AD最常见的原因为高血压（27/30）;剧烈疼痛是最主要的首发症状（22/30）;CT检查准确率高（30/30）;外科治疗2例及支架置入12例均成功;内科药物治疗16例,死亡1例。结论影像学检查是确诊AD的重要手段,早期诊断、合理治疗是提高生存率的关键。

Objective:To compare the difference between ultrasoundgraphy guided and CT guided percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI) in the treatment of ovarian cysts.Materials and Methods:Ultrasoundgraphy guided PEI were used to treat ovarian cysts in 98 patients while CT guided PEI were used to treat ovarian cysts in 62 cases.Results:The puncture times of ultrasoundgraphy guided PEI used to treating 98 ovarian cysts in 98 patients were 102 times and ultrasoundgraphy guided PEI failed in 2 patients;the puncture times of CT guided PEI used in treating 62 ovarian cysts in 62 patients were 95 times and CT guided PEI failed in 9 patients.Conclusion:Ultrasoundgraphy guided PEI is more effective and safe in the treatment of ovarian cysts than CT guided PEI.

With the more and more harmful effects on human beings caused by cyanobacterial toxins,and with the discovery of more and more new toxins of algal origins in water,developing degradation and prevention methods have become an urgent task.The related epidemiological surveys of human disease caused by Microcystin were summarized in this paper.It is recommended that the relevant departments should improve the safety standards,establish early warning systems and develop contingency programs.At the same time,to safeguard people's health,more propaganda efforts must make people understand how they are exposed to the substance and the ways to prevent the consequences after the contact.

Objective To explore the source of infection and mode of transmission on the ultrasonic probe by studying the molecular epidemiology and the homology analysis of staphylococcus epidermidis. Methods Thirty Staphylococcus epidermidis strains from different times and different sources, Then 10 strains were randomly selected for homologous studies of molecular epidemiology, including 3 strains of ultrasound probe, 2 strains of general infections, 2 strains of hospital infections and 3 strains of patient's skin before and after ultrasound examination. Then the drug sensitivity test and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis were performed on these strains to understand the genetic relationship between each of them. Results The PFGE analysis showed that NO. 406 strain of staphylococcus epidermidis separated from ultrasonic probe before the examination had the same map of staphylococcus epidermidis strains with NO. 408 strain which separated from the patient after the ultrasound examination, it showed the same DNA fragment size and the same number of SDS-PAGE bands. From the gene which had a high degree of homology, they were the strains with similar banding pattern and number. Except these two, the difference of the bands between the other various strains were three or more than three , so they should not be derived from the same clone that is not in the epidemiological correlation, indicating the existence of these strains had a variety sources of pollution. Conclusion Pathogenic microorganism can transmits to patients' skin by ultrasonic probe, and ultrasonic probe is also a mode of transmission of hospital infection, so it is important to reduce hospital infection with strict aseptic operation, implementation of disinfection before and after contacting with patients and other routine measures.

OBJECTIVE The prupose of this paper is to investigate pathogenic bacteria isolated from children with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) on the experiences in Longgang District, Shenzhen, and then analyze their drug resistance in order to provide some effective strategy for clinical treatment. METHOD Routine methods were used to isolate pathogenic bacteria from samples of children's throat swabs and sputum.Some bacteria identification and drug susceptibility tests were performed by means of VITEK-32. The results were analyzed statistically. RESULTS Our study has proved that Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter aerogenes are the main pathogenic bacteria in children’s acute respiratory infection, with the detection rates of 14.28% 、 13.14% 、 11.43% 、 10.86% 、 10.86% 、 7.71% , respectively. CONCLUSIONS The situation of drug resistance for all of the pathogenic bacterium is serious and multidrug resistant strains exist prevailingly.Therefore, a study on the pathogenic distrbution and their resistant states from children with ARI in Longgang District of Shenzhen will help us to use antibiotics reasonably and decrease the appearance of drug resistant strains.