大渡河中游干暖河谷区滑坡和泥石流灾害频发,对该区域坡面植物群落的研究有助于揭示植被演替的方向,为坡面植被生态恢复提供基本依据。本研究沿大渡河中游河谷区每隔约5km设置典型样地,调查了植被的物种组成和分布以及样地的地形、土壤等10个生境因子,探讨河谷区植被的连续性变化,并通过多元回归树（multivariate regression trees, MRT）、多样性指数和典范对应分析（canonical correspondence analysis, CCA）等方法对植物群落进行分类、比较和排序。结果表明:大渡河中游干暖河谷植被以土壤碳含量、pH值和C:N等3个因子为节点,可划分为多花胡枝子（Lespedezafloribunda）–荩草（Arthraxonhispidus）–香薷（Elsholtziaciliate）（群落A）、地果（Ficustikoua）–车桑子（Dodonaeaviscosa）–川滇薹草（Carexschneideri）（群落B）、云南松（Pinusyunnanensis）–栓皮栎（Quercus variabilis）（群落C）和荩草–扭黄茅（Heteropogon contortus）（群落D）等4种群落。该区域以灌木和草本为主要植被类型（群落A、B、C）,间或有裸地分布,易成为泥石流灾害产生的物源区;以多花胡枝子为主的灌草群落A的物种丰富度、优势度与多样性表现一致,均高于以乔木和草本为主的群落C和D,但物种多样性优势并不显著,灌草群落分布广而结构单一,外来物种占比为8.33%,是生态系统脆弱和不稳定的表现。多元回归树和典范对应分析结果表明, pH值、C:N、坡向和土壤容重等4个因子对植物群落组成和分布影响最大,且土壤因子的影响大于地形因子。

[目的]异速生长方程是构建林木生物量最简单常用的方法,本研究旨在为川西亚高山森林生物量及碳储量估测提供有效的研究方法,同时为异速生长模型优化以及植被原生演替过程研究提供基础依据.[方法]本文基于海螺沟冰川退缩区植被原生演替过程中主要树种的生物量实测数据,通过模型将树木的总生物量及不同组分(如枝、叶、树干、根等)生物量与胸径和树高等易测指标联系起来,建立了各树种总生物量及各组分生物量异速生长方程.[结果]引入树高(H)的二元模型拟合效果要优于一元模型,同一模型对地上和树干生物量估计精度要优于枝叶和地下生物量的估计.[结论]以D2H为自变量的方程对树干和地上生物量的拟合效果更好,而以D3/H为自变量的方程更适合枝叶和根的生物量拟合.在实际工作中,考虑到野外测量的难度,可以采用一元模型W=aDb.本次构建的生物量异速生长方程对于青藏高原东缘亚高山森林生态系统生物量的估算以及植被演替过程中生物量的动态研究具有重要参考价值.

The objective of this study was to obtain the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of Sichuan Sheldrake duck,and to provide reference data for protection and utilization of this genetic resources of duck.Sixteen pairs of primers were designed by Primer 6.0 according to the mitochondrial genome sequences of duck homologous species.The genomic sequence of Sichuan Sheldrake duck's mtDNA were then amplified by PCR and sequencing technology.The results showed that the length of Sichuan Sheldrake duck's mtDNA genome was 16 604 bp,which composed of A (29.19％),C (32.82％),G (15.79％) and T (22.20％).The whole genome contained 22 tRNA genes,2 rRNA genes,13 protein-encoding genes and a non-encoding control area (D-loop area).The analysis by online software of tRNAscan-SE 1.21 and RNA structure 5.6 found that 22 tRNA genes were the standard secondary structures with 4 constant arms which like a clover.The D-loop region of Sichuan Sheldrake duck's mtDNA genome contained Poly (c),TAS,E-box,F-box,D-box,Bird-similarity box and CXB1 conserved box.The neighbor joint (NJ) phylogenetic tree was established by MEGA6.0 basing on the D-loop region and the complete mtDNA sequence,respectively,and the results showed that the Longsheng duck was more closer to Sichuan Sheldrake duck.

A hypoxia responsive gene ,CsHRP ,was cloned from the fruit abscission zone of sweet orange [Citrus sinensis (L. ) cv. Olinda] using RT‐PCR and RACE .According to sequence analysis ,CsHRP en‐coded a protein of 98 amino acid residues .Alignment of CsHRP genomic DNA sequences with cDNA showed that the gene contained two introns .BLASTp analysis showed that CsHRP protein contained a conserved hypoxia induced protein conserved region HIG_1_N ,and shared 68% -81% amino acid identi‐ties with its homologous proteins from Theobroma cacao ,Zea mays ,Hevea brasiliensis and other species . Subcellular localization revealed that CsHRP protein was localized in cell wall/cell membrane .Quantitative real‐time PCR results showed that the expression of CsHRP was higher in cotyledons than in leaves , stems and roots .Under adverse conditions ,CsHRP was induced by cold ,salinity ,PEG6000 ,abscisic acid (ABA) ,ethylene (ET) ,methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) ,suggesting that this gene may respond to multiple signal transductions .

采用新城疫LaSota弱毒株经不同接种途径免疫雏鸡,然后采集气管液、血清,对新城疫抗体进行检测。结果表明:经饮水、滴鼻等免疫途径比肌肉注射免疫更好地激活黏膜免疫部位产生更高水平的抗体。黏膜免疫途径气管液中的抗体在一免后比血清中抗体效价高(P<0.05或P<0.01),而二免后其抗体水平要低于非黏膜免疫反应血清中抗体水平(P<0.05)。因此建议在生产中鸡新城疫LaSota弱毒苗免疫初级阶段采用饮水免疫、紧急预防采用滴鼻免疫。

为了研究L型钙离子通道α1亚单位(CACNA1S)编码基因与动物肌肉收缩和发育的关系,试验采用PCR - SSCP技术,首次对萧山鸡、仙居鸡、灵昆鸡、萧山鸡×仙居鸡杂交F1代、爱拔益加鸡(AA鸡)CAC NA1S基因5′-调控区(5′- UTR)和外显子1进行多态性检测,同时结合屠体性状进行关联分析.结果表明:试验群体CACNA1S基因5′- UTR和外显子1存在2个单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点与屠体性状关联；SNPs716位点JJ基因型的胸肌率极显著大于KK基因型(P＜0.01),SNPs1711位点YY基因型的胸肌率极显著大于XY和XX基因型(P＜0.01),YY基因型的半净膛率极显著大于XX基因型(P＜0.01).初步推断CACNA1S基因可能是影响鸡部分屠体性状(全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率)的主效基因或与主效基因连锁,并且这些突变位点可能作为分子遗传标记用来选择鸡的屠体性状.

Organic acids,as growth promoter,have antimicrobial effects on animals,through different mechanisms.In this review,five possible mechanisms of organic acids are discussed including: energy competition permeabilizing through outer membrane,increase of cellular osmolarity,inhibition of macromolecule synthesis and induction of antimicrobial peptide in host cell,at levels of molecular mechanism,respectively.This review concludes that,the intracellular accumulation of anions of organic acid is a primary contributor to antimicrobial effects,which can be influenced by differences or shifts between intracellular and extracellular concentration of pH and anion concentration of extracellular acids.

Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) of 5′-untranslated regions(5′-UTR) and expressed region 1(exon 1) of CACNA1S(calcium channel,voltage-dependent,L type,alpha 1S subunit) gene of Xiaoshan chickens,Xianju chickens,Linkun chickens,F1 offspring of Xiaoshan and Xianju chickens,and AA chickens were analyzed by PCR-SSCP,and the association analysis with meat quality traits was conducted.It was found that three SNPs of 5′-UTR and exon 1 of CACNA1S gene were associated with meat quality traits.On the locus SNPs551,inosine-5′-monophosphate(IMP)content of genotypes NN and MN was significantly higher than that of genotype MM(P0.01),intramuscular fat(IMF)content of genotypes NN and MN was significantly higher than that of genotypes MM(P0.05),and glutamic acid(Glu)content of genotype NN was significantly higher than that of genotypes MN and MM(P0.01).On the locus SNPs716,IMP content and Glu content of genotype KK were significantly higher than that of genotype JJ(P0.01),and IMF content of genotype JJ was significantly higher than that of genotype KK(P0.01).On the locus SNPs1711,IMF content of genotype YY was significantly higher than that of genotypes XY and XX(P0.05),and Glu content of genotype YY was significantly higher than that of genotypes XY and XX(P0.05).It was concluded from the results that CACNA1S gene might be the major gene affecting meat quality traits(IMF,IMP,Glu contents) of chicken or link with the major gene,and the mutation locus could be used as molecular genetic markers to select for meat quality traits of chickens.

A DNA fragment of chicken Cacna1s gene spanning 1 863 bp was obtained by PCR method for the first time,whose accession number was GQ184725 in the GenBank.Sequence analysis showed that this fragment consisted of part of 5' upstream regulatory region(1 702 bp) and exon1(161 bp).At nucleotide level,identity of exon1 of Cacna1s gene between chicken and mammalian was 72.4% to 77.0%.At amino acid level,identity of exon1 of Cacna1s gene between chick and mammalian was 66.0% to 72.0%.Exon1 of Cacna1s gene of chicken had 9 bases,which encode Val with high hydrophobicity and Asp and Lys with high hydrophilicity.Therefore,cloning of Cacna1s gene could be useful for futher study on the relationships between polymorphisms of chicken Cacna1s gene and meat quality and carcass traits.

To examine the effects of exogenous coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) on the activity of SOD and cotent of MDA in serum of rats and explore the function of CoQ10 on anti-oxidation,36 healthy male Wister rats are randomly divided into 4 groups(n=9) as static control(NC),supplementation of CoQ10(QC),exercise-training(NE) and training with supplementation of CoQ10(QE).Filling the stomach to supplement CoQ10 and the treadmill training for 7 weeks,beheads draws blood o-hour single bout of exhausted exercise.The SOD activities and MDA content are mensurated by spectrophotometric in serum.Compared with NC,QC lead to a significant increase of MDA content in serum(P<0.01),but no effect on the activity of total SOD;NE lead to a significant decline of MDA contents(P<0.01)and a significant increase of total SOD activities in serum(P<0.01);QE result in a significant increase of total SOD activities(P<0.01)and a significant decline of MDA contents in serum(P<0.01).Compared with QC,QE lead to a significant decline in MDA content(P<0.01)and a marked increase of SOD activities(P<0.01)in serum.Compared with NE,QE could not effect MDA contents and SOD activities in serum.

The porosity suitability of sewage sludge compost used as the seedling substrate of toma-to and sweet pepper was studied. The results show that when the total porosity of sewage sludge compost is 49% to 82%, and the water-holding porosity is 47% to 65%, the vegetable seedlings can normally grow well, and it can be used as the vegetable seedling substrate only through the leaching to remove its excessive salt. Compared to the compost substrate with soil added, the seeding effect of the compost sub-strate without soil added is better. Grinding sludge has no significant effect on the breeding effect.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the adjuvant effects of recombinant plasmid inserted CpG motif(CpG DNA) to antigen of type O FMDV(Foot and mouth disease virus) in vivo.Using CpG DNA as an adjuvant co-administrated with commercial killed vaccine or purified antigen of type O FMDV to mice or pigs,the results showed that CpG DNA posses an augmented immune response with significant levels of the specific antibody to antigen after intramuscular immunization in mice,antibody titer was 2-fold higher than that of the control vaccine of plasmid vector.In target animal trial,vaccine with CpG DNA co-vaccinated to pigs also induced over 4 folds antibody titer than that of commercial vaccine alone.Purified antigen vaccine of type O FMDV with CpG DNA,showed potent immunity protective effect,which PD50 value arrives above 13.00,was far higher than that of purified antigen vaccine without CpG DNA(only 4.69).In dosage experiment of recombinant plasmid,vaccine with low dose(50 μg and 200 μg) of CpG DNA initiated significantly increased antibody titer of 1∶1 500,which was 4 to 5-fold than that of standard vaccine,while dose of 500 μg was only 2-fold.These works proved that the recombinant plasmids of CpG DNA can enhance the level of immune responses to antigen of type O FMDV in swine,and could develop as an ideal adjuvant for practical application.

The effect of paper mill sludge compost and its compound fertilizer on grape and the risks of heavy metals pollution were investigated through field experiments. The results show that the bio-logical mass and fruit quality of grape were significantly improved by land application of paper mill sludge compost and its compound fertilizer. The heavy metal content in grape fruit is below than the national lim-it of heavy metals in foods. Meanwhile, the change of heavy metals in vineyard soil is not significant, and there are no risks of heavy metals pollution. So, it is concluded that the land application of paper mill sludge compost and its compound fertilizer is an important way for disposal of paper mill sludge.

Regenerated cellulose film is successfully prepared from cornhusk cellulose in two ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(AMIMCl) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate(EMIMAc).Properties and structures of the obtained regenerated cellulose films were investigated by infrared spectroscopes,scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction and a strength and thermal test.Results showed that,both AMIMCl and EMIMAc were good non-derivatizing solvents for cornhusk cellulose;the cornhusk cellulose changed from Ⅰto Ⅱduring the dissolution;the regenerated cornhusk cellulose film showed a dense structure and the strength can reach as high as 119 MPa and 47 MPa for them prepared in AMIMCl and EMIMAc respectively;at last the regenerated cornhusk cellulose can thermal stable up to 250℃.Therefore,a novel and nonpolluting process for the manufacture of regenerated cellulose film from agricultural straw in ionic liquids is provided in this work.

It analyzes the energy conservation of the volume change system, the water chilling unit and the water system of the air conditioning system. Based on the above, it expounds issues for attention in the operation of the air conditioning system.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">&lt;正&gt; 利用 SOS-PAGE 对不同源棘球蚴囊液抗原的多肽组成进行了分析,旨在为棘球蚴病免疫诊断抗原的分离纯水奠定基础,为虫种内株的鉴定提供依据.结果表明,绵羊棘球蚴囊液抗原共有多肽带9条,其中66和59kD 多肽带为主带;40kD,34.5kD,33kD,24.5kD 和14kD 多肽带次之.牛囊液抗原共有多肽带13条,66和59kD 多肽带也为主带,24.5kD 多肽带次之.而人包囊液抗原共有多肽带14条,66kD,40kD,</span>