The "underfilled trinity" model of foreland-basin stratigraphy was proposed based on the observation that the initial sedimentary stages along the western and northern front of the western and central Alps were represented by shallow-water carbonates (Calcaires a Nummulites) overlain by hemipelagic marls (Marnes Bleues) and capped by siliciclastic turbidites (Gres d'Annot). Subsequently, this model has been widely accepted and applied in foreland basins worldwide. We here re-investigated the Eocene-Oligocene sedimentary succession of the Western Alps to check its validity. Major geological features of this region include: i) the existence of a Cretaceous-Eocene unconformity spanning more than 25 Myr in the studied sections; ii) a virtually synchronous age of the Calcaires a Nummulites, Marnes Bleues, and Gres d'Annot formations across the Western Alps; iii) a long-term deepening-upward trend, from inner to outer ramp, documented by the Calcaires a Nummulites, followed by the pelagic Marnes Bleues and by the Gres d'Annot turbidites; iv) the provenance of the Gres d'Annot Formation from the Maures-Esterel Massif and/or Corsica-Sardinia block in the south, rather than from the Alpine orogen in the east. By integrating field observations, sedimentological, biostratigraphic, and provenance analyses, we found the Eocene "underfilled foreland" model too simplistic and inadequate to explain the basin evolution in the western Alpine region. Based on the alternative scenario proposed herein, the Annot and Barreme basins formed in the late Eocene (40-35 Ma) in an extensional/transtensional setting during a period of major change in tectonic stress fields across western Europe on the upper plate of the Apennine subduction.

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) offers an excellent opportunity to study the ecological and environmental responses to global warming. Discussing the so far poorly constrained amplitude and mechanisms of sea-level changes during the PETM is the principal goal of the present study from the epicontinental Tarim seaway. A negative carbon isotope excursion precisely constrains the stratigraphic position of the PETM event within the Qimugen Formation. Microfacies data show that tidal and lagoonal carbonates or sandstone characterizing the Tarim seaway in the pre-PETM stage were gradually replaced by open-marine to middle-ramp marlstones at PETM onset, by outer-ramp mudrocks in the syn-PETM stage, and eventually by middle-ramp carbonates in the post-PETM stage. A deepening paleo-water depth trend documents a transgressive sequence leading to maximum flooding during PETM peak. The content of planktonic foraminifera in Qimugen Formation sediments deposited below storm wave base indicates a minimum paleo-water depth of 20-50 m. Regional and global comparisons of sea-level curves suggest that this sea level rise documented in the Tarim epicontinental seaway during the PETM is a largely eustatic consequence of global warming, inducing extensive melting of highmountain glaciers and thermal expansion of sea water.

Exploring the subsurface structure and stratification of Mars advances our understanding of Martian geology, hydrological evolution and palaeoclimatic changes, and has been a main task for past and continuing Mars exploration missions 1–10 . Utopia Planitia, the smooth plains of volcanic and sedimentary strata that infilled the Utopia impact crater, has been a prime target for such exploration as it is inferred to have hosted an ancient ocean on Mars 11–13 . However, 45 years have passed since Viking-2 provided ground-based detection results. Here we report an in situ ground-penetrating radar survey of Martian subsurface structure in a southern marginal area of Utopia Planitia conducted by the Zhurong rover of the Tianwen-1 mission. A detailed subsurface image profile is constructed along the roughly 1,171 m traverse of the rover, showing an approximately 70-m-thick, multi-layered structure below a less than 10-m-thick regolith. Although alternative models deserve further scrutiny, the new radar image suggests the occurrence of episodic hydraulic flooding sedimentation that is interpreted to represent the basin infilling of Utopia Planitia during the Late Hesperian to Amazonian. While no direct evidence for the existence of liquid water was found within the radar detection depth range, we cannot rule out the presence of saline ice in the subsurface of the landing area.

The urban street is an important part of the urban form and serves as the primary medium for public activities within cities. The morphological characteristics of urban street space not only influence people’s spatial experience but also have an impact on the quality of the physical environment, such as the wind environment. Numerous scholars have studied the wind environment of streets with different morphological characteristics using abstract and simplified street models, uncovering certain relationships between specific morphological features and airflow patterns. However, due to the significant disparity between simplified models and reality, researchers have attempted to develop models applicable to the complex characteristics of urban street space, with the aim of exploring the relationship between street spatial features and airflow characteristics. This study explores a method to quantify the complex spatial characteristics of urban streets, using a series of parameters to describe the streets, such as average width, proportion of secondary interfaces, and proportion of opening length. Streets with different spatial characteristics in the centre of Nanjing are selected and quantified. A comparison is conducted between the parameters representing street spatial morphology and the simulation results of the wind environment in the area, aiming to assess the effectiveness of these parameter values. The results demonstrate that complex urban spaces can still be effectively represented through parameterization and confirm the validity of our quantitative representation of complex street spatial characteristics. The results could serve as a reference for urban design and urban construction.

The reduction of Fe(III) coupled with the oxidation of organic matter, primarily stimulated by dissimilatory ironreducing bacteria (DIRB) under anoxic conditions, is a critical biogeochemical process in lacustrine sediments. Many single strains have been recovered and investigated, however, the changes in the diversity of culturable DIRB communities with sedimentary depth have not been fully revealed. In this study, 41 DIRB strains affiliated to ten genera of phylum Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were isolated from the sediments of Taihu Lake at three depths (0-2 cm, 9-12 cm, and 40-42 cm), referring to distinct nutrient conditions. Fermentative metabolisms were identified in nine genera (except genus Stenotrophomonas). The DIRB community diversity and the microbial iron reduction (MIR) patterns vary in vertical profiles. The community abundance varied with the TOC contents in vertical profiles. The DIRB communities, containing 17 strains of 8 genera, were most diverse in the surface sediments (0-2 cm), where organic matter was most abundant among the three depths. 11 DIRB strains of five genera were identified in the 9-12 cm sediments with the lowest content of organic matter, while 13 strains of seven genera were identified in deep sediments (40-42 cm). Among the isolated strains, phylum Firmicutes dominated the DIRB communities at three depths, while its relative abundance increased with depth. Fe2+ ion was recognized as the dominant microbial ferrihydrite-reducing product of DIRB from 0 to 12 cm sediments. Instead, lepidocrocite and magnetite were the main MIR products of DIRB retrieved from 40 to 42 cm. The results indicate that the MIR driven by fermentative DIRB is crucial in lacustrine sediments and that the distribution of nutrients and iron (minerals) likely influences the diversity of DIRB communities in the lacustrine sediments.

The ion-adsorption rare earth element (REE) deposit, a valuable type of REE deposit, has been thought to be derived from the release and enrichment of REE during granite weathering. Understanding the REE occurrence in regolith-hosted deposits is crucial for more eficient extraction. We investigated a weathering granite profile of a regolith-hosted REE deposit located in South China. X-ray difraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis of the clay fractions reveal that the highest Ce(IV) content located in intensely weathered layers and cerianite nanoparticles (CeNPs) can be observed, besides invisible adsorbed REEs. Interestingly, most of the CeNPs scatter on halloysite basal surface and exhibit preferred orientation. Detailed analysis demonstrates that the diagonal plane of cerianite matches with the exposed basal surfaces (Si-O tetrahedron) of halloysite. Such a lattice match may contribute to the nucleation and growth of CeNPs after oxidation of the adsorbed Ce(III), which results in great REE enrichment by clays. The findings provide new insight into the mechanism of Ce precipitation and REE mineralization during granite weathering.

目的 探讨心跳骤停心肺复苏后脑损伤(BIC)模型中,治疗性低温(TH)对神经元氧化应激损伤的作用及相关机制.方法 雄性SD大鼠60只,7～10周,体重280～320 g.采用随机数字表法分为五组:假手术组(S组)、BIC组、低温治疗组(TH组)、沉默冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(CIRP)后低温治疗组(THC组)和空载后低温治疗组(THN组),每组12只.采用经食管连续快速起搏诱发室颤,心跳骤停4 min后,行心肺复苏术(CPR),建立BIC模型.于BIC模型制备后1 d,采用免疫荧光法检测海马活性氧簇(ROS)荧光强度,Western blot法检测海马CIRP、硫氧还蛋白1(Trx1)、磷酸化凋亡信号调节激酶1(ASK1)蛋白含量及其下游p38和c-Jun N-末端激酶(JNK)磷酸化含量.于BIC模型制备后3 d,采用原位末端标记(TUNEL)法检测海马神经元凋亡细胞百分比.结果 与S组比较,BIC模型制备后1 d BIC组ROS荧光强度明显升高,CIRP含量明显降低,p-ASK1、p-p38含量明显升高;TH组和THN组ROS荧光强度均明显升高,CIRP含量明显升高,p-JNK含量明显降低;THC组ROS荧光强度明显升高,CIRP、Trx1含量明显降低,p-ASK1、p-p38含量明显升高(P<0.05).与BIC组比较,BIC模型制备后1 d TH组和THN组ROS荧光强度明显降低,CIRP、Trx1含量明显升高,p-ASK1和p-JNK含量明显降低;TH组p-p38含量明显降低;THC组ROS荧光强度明显降低,p-ASK1和p-p38含量明显升高(P<0.05).与THC组比较,BIC模型制备后1 d TH组和THN组ROS荧光强度明显降低,CIRP、Trx1含量明显升高,p-ASK1、p-p38和p-JNK含量明显降低(P<0.05).与S组比较,BIC模型制备后3 d BIC组、TH组、THC组和THN组神经元凋亡细胞百分比明显升高(P<0.05).与BIC组比较,BIC模型制备后3 d TH组、THC组和THN组凋亡细胞百分比明显降低(P<0.05).与THC组比较,BIC模型制备后3 d TH组和THN组凋亡细胞百分比明显降低(P<0.05).结论 TH可以减轻BIC模型制备后神经元氧化应激反应以及减少神经元凋亡,沉默CIRP后该作用减弱,显示TH复苏神经元的机制可能与激活CIRP/Trx1/ASK1通路有关.

Early Paleogene hyperthermal events represented by the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) have long been viewed as examples of carbon emissions driven analogue of today's global warming. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the shallow marine carbonate rocks from the Qimugen Formation in the Qimugen section, from the southwestern Tarim Basin, to track the record of early Paleogene hyperthermal events in the eastern Tethyan Ocean, and to assess the relationship between these hyperthermal events and the environmental response as reconstructed in terms of their stratigraphic age and their inferred paleoenvironment. Zircon U-Pb chronology indicates that the age of the lower part of the lower Qimugen Formation is 57.91 +/- 0.42 Ma, while the calcareous nannofossils and foraminiferal biostratigraphy indicates that the lower unit of the Qimugen Formation was defined in calcareous nannofossils zone NP8-NP10 and planktonic foraminifera zone P4b-P6b/P7, suggesting that the lower unit of the Qimugen Formation is of late Thanetian to early Ypresian age. Based on textures, sedimentary structures, grain composition and fossil content, 10 microfacies were identified in the Qimugen section, namely a calcareous siltstone and argillite (MF1), gypsum (MF2), non-laminated peloidal bioclast packstone (MF3), foraminiferal packstone with abundant small benthic foraminifera (MF4), cortoid grainstone (MF5), (sandy) bioclast wackestone (MF6), (sand-bearing) wackestone with serpulids (MF7), packstone with abundant serpulids (MF8), (sandy) mudstone (MF9) and bivalves rudstone (MF10). These are indicative of a carbonate ramp environment, which can be further divided into an inner ramp (MF1-MF5), a middle ramp (MF6-MF8) and an outer ramp (MF9-MF10). Microfacies analysis shows that one transgressive-regressive cycle was defined in the lower Qimugen Formation, with the sedimentary environment changing from an inner ramp to a middle-outer ramp, and afterwards back to the inner ramp tidal environment. After assessing and excluding diagenesis effects by correlating bulk rock oxygen isotopes and carbon isotopes, three Carbon Isotope Excursion (CIE) events can be distinguished by bulk rock carbon isotopic composition that have negative excursion values of -2.6%o, -4.3%o and -2.2%o, respectively. The three CIE events are correlated to the pre-onset event (POE), PETM and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM2) events, which are in contrast to previous studies of early Paleogene global carbon isotope excursion (CIE) events. On the basis of the stratigraphic age and the paleoenvironmental reconstruction, these three CIE events identified by carbon isotopes were found to be associated with sedimentary environment evolution. First of all, the environmental response started from the POE event, when the transgression occurred, accompanied by the environmental change from inner ramp to middle-outer ramp, which also correlated with the occurrence of enhanced storm events. At the same time, the occurrence of terrigenous clasts increased from less than 10% to a maximum of 40%, indicating an intensified hydrological cycle. Transgression and enhanced storm activities lasted through the PETM interval until the end of the ETM2 event, from which point middle-outer ramp deposits transformed into near-shore tidal flat deposits, representing a large-scale regression. The PETM caused the most extensive environmental impacts compared with the ETM2 and POE events, which may have resulted in ocean acidification and hypoxia, as well as significant turnover of calcareous nannofossils forms at this time. In general, the three CIE events are in the special period of rising global temperatures, coupled with a transgressive-regressive cycle, causing widespread environmental impacts.

Iron is prone to change its form and speciation in phases. Thus, several methods have been developed to estimate iron partitioning in the mineral phases of soils. However, the accuracy of these methods to evaluate the iron contribution from minor phases, such as actinolite, almandine, biotite, chlorite, epidote, hornblende, muscovite, and Fe-diospide, remains low. Furthermore, most of the current iron speciation research is focused on bulk samples, and only applies to soil samples that are mostly composed of clays or clay minerals, without a wideranging evaluation of soil particles with different grain sizes. In this study, we classified several iron phases using a mineral liberation analyzer on desert soil particles with diameters ranging from silt- to fine-sand (5-20 mu m, 20-45 mu m, 45-63 mu m, 63-75 mu m, and > 75 mu m). The iron containing minor phases were identified, the modal mineral abundances were determined via matching with the standard energy dispersive spectra library, and a particle size analysis was performed using mineral processing tools on each of the examined 40,000 particles. The iron partition results were ultimately established based on the standard iron concentration in the mineral phases and the modal mineral abundances. This new method could be automated, thereby facilitating high efficiency identification of iron-containing phases that would allow, for the first time, the generation of a dataset for iron partitioning in soil particles. This method allows the identification of minor iron phases in soil particles, and permits in situ mapping of iron mineralogy in fine sand- to silt-sized soil particles. Not restricted by single mineral particles, this method considers multi-phase complex particles. Thus, it largely improves the accuracy for estimating the iron partition parameter. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.

本文采用数理模型和管理实验方法研究报童订购量拉向中心偏差问题.首先,分析企业订购水平行为,得出采用对偶平衡策略,即多订购所导致的成本等于少订购所导致的成本,可解释此偏差;并且,在最差情况下,采用对偶平衡策略引发的成本不超过采用最优策略引发的成本的两倍.其次,分析企业订购调整行为,得出:第一,在高(低)边际利润情境中,相对于前期少订购给企业带来的影响,前期多订购给企业带来的影响较小(大);据此,企业可在高(低)边际利润情境中助推决策者关注少(多)订购造成的损失,以缓解拉向中心偏差.第二,相对于女性被试,男性被试的当期订购量受前期订购量的影响较小,表明男性对自我的界定和决策行为相对不易受外界因素影响,此研究发现提醒企业需关注两性在订购决策行为方面的差异.

Recent studies have indicated that an Andean-type orogen (Lhasaplano) developed on the Lhasa block in the Cretaceous during northward subduction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. When and how uplift of the Lhasaplano began, however, has remained controversial. This article integrates stratigraphic, sedimentological, tectonic, and provenance data from the latest marine to nonmarine strata in the Linzhou Basin to pinpoint the early topographic growth in southern Tibet. The Takena Formation mainly consists of lagoonal carbonates and mudstones yielding foraminiferal assemblages of Early Aptian age (ca. 123–119.5 Ma). The conformably overlying lower member of the Shexing Formation, mainly deposited in fluvial environments, was fed by volcanic and sedimentary rock fragments from the north Lhasa terrane. Clasts of the Gangdese arc to the south firstly appeared in the middle member and became dominant in the upper member of the Shexing Formation. By contrast, coarse grained, braided river facies occur in the uppermost part of the Shexing Formation, where detritus was mostly recycled from Paleozoic strata of north Lhasa, with minor volcaniclastic contribution from the Gangdese arc. Basin analysis indicates accelerating subsidence and sedimentation rates during deposition of Takena to middle Shexing strata (ca. 125–108 Ma), followed by steady subsidence during deposition of upper Shexing strata (ca. 108–96 Ma). Given this regional tectonic and sedimentary evidence, such an evolution is interpreted to reflect tectonic extension followed by thermal subsidence. Basin inversion and regional compression initiated during deposition of the uppermost Shexing strata (ca. 96 Ma), as indicated by active thrust faults and widespread accumulation of syntectonic conglomerates in the western part of the Lhasa block. This event marked the beginning of the Andean-type orogeny in southern Tibet. Such a paleotectonic evolution, from extension to tectonic inversion, is also documented in the Andes mountain range. It may be typical of the early stage growth of Andean-type active continental margins.

目的 浅低温治疗是心跳骤停后有效的脑复苏措施,温度降低时冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(CIRP)表达显著增强.文中旨在评估抑制CIRP对浅低温治疗心跳骤停大鼠海马神经元和线粒体损伤效果的影响并探讨其机制.方法 5只雄性SD大鼠海马区注射AAV9,以0.2μL/min注入左右侧各1μL,2周后荧光显微镜观察GFP表达.60只大鼠采用随机数字表法均分为5组(n=12):假手术组、模型组、浅低温组、浅低温+CIRP抑制组、浅低温+空载对照组.浅低温+CIRP抑制组海马区注射AAV9,浅低温+空载对照组注射等量空载体,其余组注射等渗盐水.2周后采用经食道心脏起搏诱发心跳骤停+心肺复苏的方法 制备心跳骤停模型.低温组降温至32～34℃,维持6 h.再灌注72 h行NDS评分、HE染色并海马CA1区锥体细胞计数;再灌注24 h电镜下观察海马锥体细胞中线粒体结构,Western blot法检测海马CIRP、线粒体动力相关蛋白1(Drp1)和细胞色素C(Cyt-C)蛋白含量.结果 与假手术组NDS评分(80.0分)相比,模型组(61.5分)、浅低温组(70.0分)、浅低温+CIRP抑制组(65.0分)、浅低温+空载对照组(69.0分)评分均降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,浅低温组、浅低温+空载对照组评分升高(P<0.05).光镜下模型组细胞排列紊乱稀疏,空泡出现,核固缩或碎裂,大量锥体细胞死亡;浅低温组和浅低温+空载对照组组排列紊乱程度减轻,核固缩、核碎裂及死亡细胞数减少;浅低温+CIRP抑制组与模型组表现相似,较浅低温组损伤加重.模型组、浅低温组、浅低温+空载对照组存活锥体细胞计数[(25.2±3.8、51.8±3.2、50.2±4.4)个]较假手术组[(76.3±3.9)个]明显减少(P<0.05),浅低温组和浅低温+空载对照组较模型组增多(P<0.05),而浅低温+CIRP抑制组[(27.2±4.9)个]较浅低温+空载对照组少(P<0.05).与假手术组Drp1、Cyt-C蛋白含量比较,其余4组均明显增高(P<0.05),浅低温组、浅低温+空载对照组较模型组降低(P<0.05),浅低温+CIRP抑制组较浅低温组和浅低温+空载对照组明显升高(P<0.05).与假手术组CIRP蛋白(0.14±0.03)相比,浅低温+CIRP抑制组(0.03±0.01)含量显著降低(P<0.05);浅低温组(0.37±0.08)和浅低温+空载对照组(0.39±0.04)较模型组(0.25±0.05)显著升高(P<0.05).结论 下调海马CIRP的表达,将削弱浅低温对心跳骤停大鼠神经元的保护作用,其机制可能与线粒体分裂有关.

大数据的到来给企业市场营销带来了机遇和挑战,企业需要根据市场需求拓展营销渠道,深入挖掘更有价值的数据信息,以此提高客户对产品的满意度.但同时也需要慎重对待营销成本的使用,使其可以在复杂的市场环境下占据更有利的市场,加强对专业人才的重视,构建高素质高业务能力的专业人才队伍.因此,企业需要接受新时代的营销理念,在互联网大数据的支持下,提高信息分析能力,创新营销策略,加强对客户关系的管理,从而创造更加优秀的营销成果.本文分析了大数据时代给企业市场带来的机遇和挑战,并对如何创新企业营销进行了研究.

Correlation research on urban space and pedestrian–level wind (PLW) environments is helpful for improving the wind comfort in complex urban space. It could also be significant for building and urban design. Correlation research is usually carried out in a space with clear urban spatial characteristics, so it is necessary to define the space first. In this paper, a typical urban area in Nanjing, China, is selected as the research object, and a spatial partition method is used to divide the real complex urban space into subspaces. The urban spatial characteristics of such subspaces are quantified using three urban spatial indices: openness (O), area (A), and shape (S). By comparing the quantitative results, 24 (12 pairs) subspaces with prominent urban spatial indices are selected as the correlation research cases. The 24 subspaces also provide a reference for the layout of the measurement points in a wind tunnel experiment. This is a new arrangement for locating the measurement points of a wind tunnel for correlation research. In the experiment, 45 measurement points are located, and the mean wind velocity of four different wind directions at 45 measurement points is experimented. The results clearly show that, when the experimental conditions are the same, the changes of mean wind velocity ratio ( U R ¯ ) of 24 (12pairs) subspaces under the four experimental wind directions are close. The U R ¯ s of the subspaces are not significantly affected by the wind direction, which is affected more by the subspaces’ spatial characteristics. When making the correlation analysis between mean wind speed ratio and spatial characteristics’ indices, a direct numerical comparison was not able to find a correlation. By comparing the difference values of mean wind speed (△ U R ¯ ) and indices between each pair of subspaces, the correlation between U R ¯ and openness of subspaces were found. Limited by spatial partition method, the correlation between U R ¯ and the other indices was not obvious.

This paper analyzes the e-suppliers’ decisions in low-end markets. Famous e-suppliers such as Taobao,T-mall and Jingdong are used as real cases in the paper. The following main conclusions are derived.Firstly,e-suppliers with little resource prefer to provide low-quality products,and the products’ quality and price are lower in the decentralized supply chain than in the centralized supply chain due to double marginalization. Secondly,from the perspective of e-suppliers,both developing centralized supply chain and designing product lines can improve the quality of products and e-suppliers ’ profits. However,developing centralized supply chain can improve quality of products supplied more efficiently than designing product lines,while designing product lines can improve e-suppliers ’ profits more efficiently than developing centralized supply chains. Thirdly,with the increasing of consumers mistaking low quality products for high quality ones,the esuppliers’ profit goes down. Under these circumstances,the quality of the high quality products remains the same while the quality of low quality products supplied improves.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide combined with dexamethasone( TD) in patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal Ig G deposits( PGNMID). Methodology: Forty four patients diagnosed as PGNMID from December 2011 to November 2017 were enrolled into this retrospective study. According to with or without TD therapy,they were divided into two groups: TD group( n = 12),and non-TD group( n = 32). Their clinical data,treatment efficacy and safety were analyzed. Chi square test was used to compare the difference between the two remission rates. Results: They were 4 males and 8 females with a median age of 48. 5( 27 ~ 63) years taking the regimen of TD. With a mean follow-up of 7. 5 months,6( 50%) patients achieve renal response,includes 2( 16. 7%) patients achieving complete response and 4( 33. 3%) patients achieving partial response,median time of response was 5. 5 months.5( 83. 3%) patients got hematological response,in which one( 16. 7%) patients obtained complete response,2( 33. 3%)patients obtain very good partial response and 2( 33. 3%) patients obtained partial response. After treatment,serum albumin was significantly improved( P = 0. 002),serum creatinine kept stable( P = 0. 79),urine protein decreased( P =0. 099),and no patient progressed to ESRD. Compared with the TD group,the mean follow-up time of non-TD group was19 months. In this group,5( 15. 63%) patients achieve renal response,including 3( 9. 38%) patients achieving complete response and 2( 6. 25%) patients achieving partial response. The renal response rate was lower than those in TD group( P =0. 045). Three patients got hematological response. Serum creatinine in the last follow-up were worse than the baseline( P =0. 046),albumin( P = 0. 005) and proteinuria( P = 0. 044) were improved,and 9( 28. 1%) patients progressed to ESRD.The common side effects of TD group were mainly numbness( 50%),edema( 50%),sleepiness( 50),and skin lesions( 33%),but most of the patients were tolerable through symptomatic treatment and drug reduction. Conclusion: The TD regiment was effective for our patients with PGNMID. Side effects were common but most of the patients could tolerate it.The long-term effect needs further study.

胃镜检查能直观观察上消化道黏膜,同时能取得活检,是上消化道病变检出和诊断的主要手段.随着消化道早癌筛查观念的普及,胃镜检查时间普遍延长,然而胃镜检查属侵入性检查,检查时间延长使患者痛苦增大,造成其对胃镜检查的恐惧和回避,同时检查时剧烈的恶心反射不利于内镜医师观察黏膜细微变化.目前我国普通胃镜检查前通常给予患者口服利多卡因胶浆减轻咽部恶心反射[1],但其对检查反应的改善效果并不理想.复方利多卡因乳膏是一种膏状麻醉药品,涂抹后局部作用时间长且兼有润滑作用,常用于气管插管导管麻醉.本研究通过在胃镜镜身前端涂抹复方利多卡因乳膏,观察其对减轻患者胃镜检查反应的作用.

Natural goethite (α-FeOOH) commonly accommodates various metal elements by substituting for Fe, which greatly alters the surface reactivity of goethite. This study discloses the enhancement of Mn-substitution for the Pb2+adsorption capacity of goethite. The incorporated Mn in the synthesized goethite presents as Mn(III) and causes a slight decrease in the a and c of the unit cell parameters and an observable increase in the b direction due to the Jahn-Teller effect of the Mn(III)O6 octahedra. With the Mn content increasing, the particle size decreases gradually, and the surface clearly becomes roughened. The Pb2+ adsorption capacity of goethite is observably enhanced by Mn substitution due to the modified surface complexes. And the increased surface-area-normalized adsorption capacity for Mn-substituted goethite indicated that the enhancement of Pb adsorption is not only attributed to the increase of surface area but also to the change of binding complexes. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis indicates that the binding structures of Pb2+ on goethite presents as edge-sharing complexes with a regular RPb-Fe = 3.31 Å. In the case of Mn-goethite, Pb2+ is also bound with the Mn surface site on the edge-sharing complex with a larger RPb-Mn = 3.47 Å. The mechanism for enhancing Pb2+ adsorption on Mn-goethite can be interpreted as the preferred Pb2+ binding on the Mn site of Mn-goethite surface. In a summary, the Mn-goethite has great potential for material development in environmental remediation.

目的比较口服与钳道喷洒西甲硅油稀释液在无痛胃镜检查准备中的消泡效果。方法将2015年7月至2017年7月需要行无痛胃镜检查的200例患者按照随机数字表法分成对照组与试验组,每组100例。对照组在检查前15 min口服西甲硅油乳剂30 ml与盐酸利多卡因胶浆10 ml,试验组检查前15 min口服盐酸利多卡因胶浆10 ml,检查过程中用西甲硅油乳剂30 ml加入70 ml生理盐水稀释液进行钳道喷洒,比较两组患者的祛泡效果、视野清晰度、检查所需时间以及检查医师满意度。结果试验组检查时间为(10.64±3.83)min,稍低于对照组的检查时间[(11.67±4.89)min],但差异无统计学意义(t=1.638,P>0.05)。试验组医师满意度(95.0%)高于对照组(83.0%),差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.35,P<0.01)。试验组内镜白光下黏膜视野清晰度分级以及放大内镜联合窄带成像技术(NBI)下微血管视野清晰度评分均优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论在无痛胃镜检查过程中钳道喷洒西甲硅油稀释液,能够更全面地消除胃内每个部位的泡沫,提高祛泡效率,改善内镜下视野清晰度,同时也能提高检查医师的满意度。