<正>胰腺炎是由于一些酶原在胰脏内提早活化后引起胰腺组织自身消化的化学性炎症,通常为无菌性炎症。按病程可分为急性和慢性两种。无论是急性或是慢性胰腺炎,都是犬的常见疾病。最新的尸检研究发现,因各种"老年病"安乐死的老年犬有25%患有慢性胰腺炎[1]。美国亦做了相似的病理研究,发现犬慢性胰腺炎造成的组织学损伤非常普遍[2]。因此,尽管目前尚不清楚有多少胰腺炎转变成临床型,但可以肯定的是,胰腺炎绝对是犬的常发疾病之一。

<正>骨性关节炎(Osteoarthritis,OA)又称退行性关节病、增生性骨关节炎等,是一种本质上非炎性的疾病,以关节软骨损伤及骨增生为特点,主要表现为活动关节的机能障碍、关节软骨发生变性以及关节边缘出现骨新生组织即骨赘。对于犬来说,OA亦被认为是最普遍的关节疾病之一,发生率随年龄的增大而增多,常见于老龄犬。

通过分析古今文献对浊毒的认识,结合解毒化浊药物的临床应用体会,论述浊毒与疾病的关系,认为浊毒与多种慢性难治性疾病密切相关,浊毒已成为多种慢性难治性疾病的重要致病因素,对浊毒致病及防治浊毒致病的研究尤为重要。

犬耳血肿是在外力作用下耳部血管破裂、出血而形成的肿胀,感染后可形成脓肿,该病常见于大耳犬.临床上对于局限性小血肿采用保守疗法即可治愈,而对于较大血肿,保守疗法则难以奏效,往往采取手术疗法.此外对于兴奋性品种犬耳血肿,往往需要更加精心的护理才能使其预后良好,笔者近期治愈一例顽固性耳血肿,现介绍如下.

1 发病情况寻血犬,8岁,体重28 kg,未曾生育过.2009年3月初发情,发情时主人见有褐色分泌物从阴道流出,开始食欲不振,发情约一周后不吃,但饮欲明显增强.于2009年3月19日前来求诊,就诊时鼻镜干,精神较差.

阴道内膜增生指远端阴道黏膜腹侧壁水肿、增生,并向后脱出于阴门内或阴门外.主要见于发情前期和发情期的年轻母犬.

Objective: To explore the effects of Folium Perillae injection on blood parameters after vascular bypass surgery in dogs.Method: Twenty hybridization dogs were randomly divided into high,middle,low dosage groups(1 434 mg/kg,478 mg/kg,159 mg/kg)and control.The common carotid artery was reconstructed with jugular vein from the same side by 45° bypass vascular surgery.Folium Perillae injection was intravenously administrated from brachiocephalic vein daily for 3 weeks.The blood parameters were detected at the 0,1,2,and 3 weeks after drug administration.Results: Compared with the control group,low,medium and high dosage of Folium Perillae injection could significantly decrease the whole blood viscosity and the whole blood reductive viscosity at low shear rate(10 s-1),erythrocyte aggregation index and erythrocyte electrophoresis index(P<0.05 or P<0.01).High dosage of Folium Perillae injection could significantly decrease the whole blood viscosity and the whole blood reductive viscosity at middle shear rate(60 s-1)(P<0.05),but low and middle dosage of Folium Perillae injection had no significant effects on the whole blood viscosity and the whole blood reductive viscosity at medium shear rate(60 s-1)(P>0.05).Low,middle and high dosage of Folium Perillae injection had no significant effects on hematocrit,plasma viscosity,erythrocyte rigidity index,the whole blood viscosity and the whole blood reductive viscosity at high shear rate(150 s-1).Conclusions: Folium Perillae injection could significantly improve the hemorrheological characteristics of dogs after vascular bypass surgery.

Objective To investigate the effects of ePTFE cuff on arterialization of vein after bypass surgery in dogs. Methods Thirty-six healthy dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 18 in each group). The implanted veins in experimental group were enclosed by ePTFE, and that of the control group were not enclosed. Common carotid artery was reconstructed with ipsilateral external jugular vein. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 6 and 10w postoperatively, respectively. The vein graft was separated and using pressure perfused by formalin. The explanted vein was cut at the middle, then the proximal segment was divided into two segments, the segment near the anastomosis was as "a" segment, the other was " b" segment. Segments a and b were sliced into 3 mm sections, respectively. Thickness of the vascular wall was analyzed and measured. Results In control group, basic value of lateral wall thickness of the a segment was (0. 46 ± 0.09) mm, and it increased to (0. 64 ±0.06) ,( 2.20 ±0.51 ),( 3.23±0. 3 8 ) mm, respectively, at 2 , 6 and 10w. Basic value of medial wall thickness of the b segment was ( 0. 46 ± 0. 09 ) mm, whichincreased to( 0. 59 ±0.05) , ( 2. 46 ±0. 41) , ( 2. 01 ±0. 11) mm, respectively at 2 , 6 and 10w. In experimental group, basic value of the lateral wall thickness of the a segment was (0.41 ±0.09) mm, and the value was (0. 75 ± 0. 22 ) , ( 1. 31 ± 0. 21 ) mm, respectively, at 6 and 10w. Basic value of the medial wall thickness of the b segment was (0.41 ± 0. 09 ) mm, which was ( 0. 70 ± 0. 04 ) , ( 1. 24 ± 0.28) mm, respectively, at 6 and lOw. Compared with the control group, the vessel wall thickness in experimental group was decreased significantly ( P ＜ 0. 01 ) . Conclusions ePTFE cuff can retard the arterialization process of implanted vein.

为了研究出现典型临床症状犬瘟热病犬肝功能的变化,为犬瘟热的治疗及预后提供理论指导,试验采用半自动生化分析仪测定了5例犬瘟热病犬丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)及血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(SP)、总胆红素(T-Bil)、直接胆红素(D-Bil)等指标.结果表明:出现典型临床症状犬瘟热病犬的ALT、AST普遍偏高,测定值分别为(84.20±17.68) U/L、(79.20±14.14) U/L;TP、ALB普遍偏低,分别为(53.00±7.31) g/L、(24.80±5.17) g/L;T-Bil、D-Bil、SP浓度分别为(5.96±1.47)μmol/L、(3.88±1.84) μmol/L 和(28.30±8.26) g/L,变化不明显.

通过中药学教材、积邪学说理论,分别从药物性味、归经、功效上分析探讨临床常用解毒化浊之中药,对其进行总结归类,从药性方面归纳出了温热类、寒凉类、平和类解毒化浊药;从药物归经上导出归上焦经脉、中焦经脉、下焦经脉类解毒化浊药;从功效层面分出了行气化浊类、清热解毒类、化痰降浊类、利湿化浊类、消食化浊类、化瘀解毒类、杀虫解毒类、祛腐解毒类、辟秽化浊类。

选取10条雄性健康犬,随机分成对照组和治疗组,每组5条.实验动物模型采用同侧自体颈静脉行颈动脉45.搭桥.术后均采取常规治疗,治疗组给予肝素钠.分别于术前及术后1、2、3天在颈静脉采血,检测D-二聚体、血清纤维蛋白(原)降解产物(FDP)、血浆血小板a颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140)、纤溶酶原激活剂的抑制物-1(PAI-1)和组织纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)等纤维蛋白溶解系统(纤溶)指标的变化.结果:治疗组与对照组相比,D-二聚体.GMP-140、PAI-1显著降低(P＜0.05),t-PA显著升高(P＜0.05),FDP变化不显著(P＞0.05).结论:肝素钠可改善血管搭桥术后纤溶系统,纠正血液高凝状态,恢复抗凝系统活性.