[Objective]To understand food safety knowledge among catering industry staffs of the opening services in a troop,and provide reference for food hygiene and safety.[Methods]Questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 828 catering industry practitioners randomly.[Results] The score on food safety knowledge was(71.02±12.65),and the pass rate was 70.24%.Score and pass rate increased with the increasing level of education and job seniority.The score and pass rate for males were higher than those for females,and were both the lowest for people less than 20 years old.The score and pass rate for health managers and cooks were higher than those for other workers.[Conclusion]The level on food safety knowledge of catering industry practitioners in this troop is acceptable,It is necessary to help them strengthen food safety training,to regulate their professional behavior and form a good food safety habit,especially for those who have low-education,short service lengthen,younger or cleaning and disinfection staffs.

The property of package material is one of the most important factors for the IC line electronic chemical quality.The hydrochloric acid is one of basic electronic chemicals,which with extremely high complexation property and permeability property.So compare to other electronic chemicals,its package material request is extremely strict.In this work,the properties of the HDPE which used for IC usage ultra-pure hydrochloric acid package was studied.Many factors were consideredd such as grain dissolving,ion dissolving,appearance stability,especial to the permeability properties: such as the permeability style,permeability speed,permeability condition etc.The effects of these key parameters on the chemical properties and storage condition have been summaried and evaluated.

[目的]总结舟曲抗洪救灾食品卫生监督经验。[方法]调查舟曲灾区食品卫生现状,针对性提出灾区食品卫生安全保障对策。[结果]基于以上综合保障措施,灾区未发生任何食品卫生安全相关事件。[结论]结合灾区食品供应和食品卫生特点,采取针对性预防措施可确保灾区食品卫生安全。

To evaluate the effect of an ophthalmological nurse training mode in clinical practice.In one ophthalmologist to one nurse teaching mode,the teachers,different speciality(vitreo-retinal disease,cataract,glaucoma,cornea refractive surgery,et al) doctors,teached the high-grade nursers with long clinical experiences,respectively.The qualified nurse could train low-grade nursers.In a short time,the ophthalmolgical nursers gained and increased specific technical knowledge and clinical skills,and engendered more intresting and love for ophthalmological nursing under the ladder training mode.The most important is that the new educational mode enhanced their abilities to find and solve problems in clinical experiences,and the cooperation of doctors and nurses reached higher level.

To summarize the experiences on the assurance of food hygiene security for the task forces in plateau earthquake areas in order to provide basis for health and logistics support of military troops carrying out diversified tasks.On the basis of food hygiene survey in the disaster areas and the surveillance on earthquake relief task forces,critical control points for food hygiene were identified.A comprehensive surveillance was pertinently done as follows:(1) Improving the knowledge on preventing altitude diseases and natural focus diseases(such as plague).the ability of self protection was improved generally through propagation and education;(2) Improving the knowledge on the importance of food hygiene for earthquake relief task forces to ensure the quality of food hygiene surveillance;(3) Clarifying responsibilities and undertaking responsibilities level by level to make the surveillance activated;(4) Combining the plateau environment features with the practical situation of task forces to formulate food hygiene security systems;(5) Checking all procedures of food procurement,transportation,processing and storage strictly.(6) Setting up an emergency system linking military and local units for food hygiene surveillance.Based on the above comprehensive supporting measures,no emergency related to food hygiene has happened in plateau earthquake relief task forces.Combining the characteristics of plateau environmental medicine with the practical situation of task forces to take specific measures,the food hygiene safety in the task forces could be ensured.

[Objective]To make a brief summary of food hygiene and safety guarantee experience,and provide evidence for hygienic guarantee situation of troops carrying out multi-military purpose. [Methods]On the base of the environmental characteristics and situation of the disaster area and hygienic status of disaster relief troops,critical control keys for food hygiene of troops were identified,and comprehensive surveillance was pertinently done.The main measures were as follows:①making the knowledge of disaster relief and diseases prevention universal and improving the ability of self-protection through propaganda and education;②deepening the understanding of food hygiene surveillance for disaster relief troops,and ensuring its quality;③identifying the progressive responsibilities to promote the surveillance activation;④developing the food safety guarantee system according to characteristics of disaster area and troops;⑤supervising the purchase,transportation,production and stock of food strictly;⑥establishing a military-local linkage emergency system for food hygiene surveillance. [Results]Based on the above comprehensive measures,no food hygiene and safety-related events for disaster relief troops occurred. [Conclusion]Targeted food hygiene guarantee for disaster relief troops on the base of situation of disaster and disaster relief troops can ensure their food safety.

目的总结高原震区食品卫生安全保障经验,为突发自然灾害后食品卫生安全保障提供借鉴。方法分析高原地震灾区食品卫生安全的主要特点,对食品卫生实施全过程监督监测,采取针对性、综合性保障措施。结果总结出主要做法:(1)提高认识,周密筹划,制定预案;(2)重视食品卫生安全教育;(3)搞好帐篷食堂和餐厅内外环境卫生;(4)加强饮食卫生监督监测与管理。通过这些做法,未发生任何食源性疾病,圆满完成食品卫生安全保障任务。结论总结出的做法与体会,对执行非战争军事任务及特殊条件下食品卫生安全保障工作提供了有益启示。

[Objective]To summarize the experiences of occupational health protection for excavation and desilting works after catastrophic debris flow,provide the scientific evidences for disaster rescue.[Methods]Combined with field survey,the main hygienic problems in excavation and desilting works were analyzed and confirmed,and the comprehensive measures of occupational health protection were carried out.[Results]The health of excavation and desilting workers has been protected effectively,and there was no epidemic and outbreak of diseases related to excavation and desilting works.[Conclusion]After catastrophic debris flow,the application of comprehensive measures of occupational health protection can ensure the health of excavation and desilting workers at a certain extent.

目的分析绵竹、江油地区抗震救灾部队2008年6月份的主要疾病病种和发病时间分布规律,为部队参加多种军事活动预防疾病提供依据。方法对抗震部队进行疾病监测,收集分析部队14172名救援官兵发病情况。结果共报告发病4010例,24h发病率为9.43‰;发病前5位疾病依次为:上呼吸道感染、皮肤病、外伤、腹泻、口腔疾病,占总发病数的83.1%;在开始监测的第4～6天,发病数达到高峰,随后逐渐降低。结论抗震救灾部队发病明显高于平时,早期对重点疾病的预防是任务部队防病工作的重点。

目的了解震后绵竹的食品及饮水卫生问题,为以后处理同类问题提供参考。方法用现场侦查、检水检毒箱检测以及到地方疾控中心查阅传染病报告资料等方式对饮水和食品卫生情况进行调查。结果广济镇临时供水点、绵竹市大的居民安置点和任务部队的水源水质及管理基本符合临时供水的卫生学要求,并且能定期进行监测;零散安置点和农村水源管理保持不好,个别水源有新近污染;前期饮用水以瓶装矿泉水喝纯净水为主;前期食品供应以方便食品和集中供应为主,卫生监督机构可经常进行监督;食品贮存条件得不到保证,尤其是农村,食品贮存环节问题较多。结论部队、集中供水点和大型安置点食品和饮水卫生状况比较好,零散安置点和农村居民的食品和饮水卫生存在诸多问题,需加以改进。另外,应加强对农村居民的食品和饮水卫生宣传和教育。

为提高高原抗震救灾卫生防病效率.坚持"军地专业技术队伍结合、群专结合、军民结合、军队专业技术队伍与其它非专业部队的结合,组织实施灾区抗震救灾卫生防疫工作.不仅提高了卫生防疫效率,而且使卫生防病社会化.只要坚持'四个结合'".就可以极大提高灾区卫生防疫效率,确保实现大灾之后无大疫.

Objective To sum the experiences of food hygiene surveillance in earthquake relief in plateau.Methods The survey on food hygiene was done,and then a critical comprehensive strategy was constituted.Results No emergency had been displayed in Yushu disaster area.Conclusion It would ensure food hygiene safety in plateau disaster area by carrying out the critical comprehensive strategy.

目的总结"三防"医学救援队远程机动急进高原,在戈壁环境条件下进行军事演练中卫勤保障工作的主要做法,为今后做好应急分队训练时卫勤保障工作提供经验。方法制定适合应急卫勤分队的远程机动急进高原卫勤保障方案,边实践边总结。结果对参演全过程总结出3点做法:（1）进驻前制定周密的保障计划,准备工作扎实细致;（2）远程机动过程中注重安全防护;（3）进驻后在配置地域把握科学训练原则,加强卫生监督,做好后勤保障。结论通过实践总结的做法针对性及可操作性较强,对相关应急卫勤分队有一定的借鉴作用。

Objective To control the densities of mosquitoes,midges,flies and fleas in the camps of earthquake rescuing troops so that these insects could not do harm to troops. Methods Using circumstance administering,space spraying,residual spraying and releasing hot smoke of phyrethoid to reduce the densities of insects in the camps of troops,after the densities dropped apparently,to spray insecticides and release hot smoke every other 3 days. Results After taking synthetical control measures for 5 days,the declining rates of densities of mosquitoes,midges,flies,and fleas were 5%～15%,4%～18%,4%～12% and 100% respectively;after taking synthetical control measures for 10 days,the declining rates of densities of mosquitoes,midges,flies were 41%～57%,46%～71%,42%～68%.After taking synthetical control measures for 15 days,the declining rates of mosquitoes,midges,flies were respectively 69%～89%,74%～91% and 81%～95% respectively.Conclusion Under the densities of insects being very high,combining circumstance monitor with lasting chemical control can reduce insect densities effectively.

Objective To give a brief summary of food hygiene surveillance in order to provide evidences for healthy service of troop carrying out multi-military purposes.Method On the base of food hygiene survey of the disaster area and earthquake relief troops,critical control keys for food hygiene were found,and a comprehensive surveillance was pertinently carried out,as follows:(1)The cognition of food hygiene surveillance for earthquake relief troops were promoted and qualities of food hygiene surveillance were ensured.(2)The responsibilities were identified and activation of troop food hygiene surveillance was promoted.(3)The systems of food hygiene surveillance for earthquake relief troop were perfected.(4)The purchase,transportation,preparation and stock of food were strictly supervised.(5)A military-local linkage emergency system for food hygiene surveillance was constituted.Results No emergency related to food hygiene was found in earthquake relief troops.Conclusion Food hygiene safety of earthquake relief troops could be ensured through carrying out comprehensive food hygiene surveillance on the base of local and troop.

戈壁沙漠自然环境恶劣,对部队军事行动构成严重威胁.充分认识和了解戈壁沙漠卫生学特点,熟练掌握夏季戈壁沙漠驻训的卫生防护措施,可望在取得最佳训练成果的基础上,最大限度减少非战斗性减员,确保部队战斗力.