The traditional BZ oscillating reaction experiment focuses on the imparting of dissipative structure knowledge and the measurement of the activation energy during the induction period.Based on the rich and colorful phenomena and the underlying philosophy of life presented by the concentric circle growth process,this case study innovatively designs the experimental content supported by the dissipative structure theory,introducing the concentric circle experiment content and the flipped learning model.It aims to enhance students'scientific literacy and research abilities,guide students to analyze the safety hazards and potential environmental impacts in the experiment,integrate reflection on life into the experimental process,and utilize the principles of dissipative structures to understand and transform the world after class.The improved experiment will help establish students'correct outlook on life and the world.

经典物理化学实验“燃烧热的测定”主要涉及化学热力学中燃烧热知识点，为典型的验证性实验。本实验改进结合重要化学品邻苯二甲酸（酐）的生产过程，通过测量萘、邻二甲苯、邻苯二甲酸和邻苯二甲酸酐等几种物质的燃烧热，计算其合成过程的反应热，既丰富了燃烧热实验的内容，又能和实际应用相关联。实验涉及几种原料廉价易得，均可测得准确的燃烧热数值，进而能获得可靠的反应热结果。采用线上、线下相结合的翻转学习教学模式，再通过几个反应过程测量的分工合作，可以有效地培养和提升学生的自主学习能力和团队协作精神。

Curriculum system is the carrier of talent training.In order to better cultivate top-notch innovative talents, according to the characteristics and development tendency of chemistry discipline, a new experimental curriculum

To implement the National Teaching Standard for Chemistry Majors and related requirements proposed by the Instructional Committee of Higher Chemistry Education, Ministry of Education, suggestions of physical chemistry laboratory teaching are made.The teaching goals and contents of the overall and definite physical chemistry laboratory are both defined.The principles for measuring physicochemical parameters and properties are clarified based on some typical experiments with special devices.The laboratory teaching goals including knowledge, ability and quality that should be achieved are suggested.It is of guiding significance for the further reform and construction of physical chemistry laboratory.

Many researchers reported that a sigmoid kinetic curve was obtained in oil transesterification with methanol catalyzed by CaO and gave different explanations for this formation. In this paper, heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of soybean oil with methanol using CaO has been investigated. The solid catalyst and the liquid reaction mixture under different reaction time periods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to reveal the formation of an S-shape kinetic curve. The appearance of calcium hydroxide, calcium methoxide, calcium glyceroxide, fatty acid calcium, diglycerides, and monoglycerides and their contributions to the kinetic curve have been discussed. The low reaction rate in the induction period can be attributed to mass transfer in this three-phase system. However, the formation of surfactants, diglycerides and monoglycerides, promotes the emulsification of the reaction mixture and numerous emulsion reactors are generated. These emulsion reactors can improve the contact of the solid catalyst with the reactants and thus accelerate the reaction.

Fe-Ni bimetallic nanoparticles supported on CNTs (Fe-Ni/CNTs) were synthesized, characterized, and applied for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in aqueous solution. The removal performance was enhanced drastically on Fe-Ni/CNTs with respect to monometallic Fe/CNTs. The synergistic effect between Fe-Ni nanoparticles and CNTs has been studied in detail. The research results indicated that the doping of Ni played an important role in promoting the catalytic degradation of 2,4-DCP. And the presence of CNTs not only could effectively reduce the aggregation of nanoparticles but also facilitate the mass transfer of 2,4-DCP and the formation of active atomic hydrogen during the catalytic process. In addition, the removal kinetics of 2,4-DCP by Fe-Ni/CNTs were in agreement with a pseudo-first-order model, and the rate constants were dependent on a number of factors including the initial concentration of 2,4-DCP, the dosage of Fe-Ni/CNTs, pH value of the solution, and doping amount of Ni. The degradation mechanism involved the adsorption by CNTs and catalytic reduction by Fe under the stimulating of Ni, and the preferred dechlorination followed the order of para-Cl > ortho-Cl. The study confirmed that Fe-Ni/CNTs had a potential to be a promising catalytic material for removal of chlorophenol and had a great prospect for practical application.

为辅助实验教学改革,开发了基于移动互联网的实验预习测试系统.系统网页应用的开发基于HTML5和Java Web技术,而手机端App则使用开源框架WeX5进行开发.系统上线后,率先在物理化学实验中使用,学生平均每次课前测试时间为2 min 44 s,平均成绩90.2分.借助该系统,学生能提升预习效率,教师则可以有效掌握学生的实验预习情况,进而为改进教学手段提供有效数据支撑,使用结果表明其达到了设计目标,满足了实验教学与实验改革的需求.

制备了KNO 3 /Al 2 O 3 负载型固体碱催化剂,通过XRD、DRIFT、低温氮吸附、ICP和碱度滴定等手段对催化剂表面性质进行了表征,研究了其对大豆油与甲醇酯交换制备生物柴油的催化性能,剖析了在反应过程中该催化剂的催化本质以及失活原因。结果表明,高温焙烧后Al 2 O 3 表面KNO 3 完全分解,形成了大量偏铝酸钾分散在载体表面;在酯交换反应时Al 2 O 3 表面的偏铝酸盐等活性组分不断溶出并参与反应,这是该催化剂表现出高活性的主要原因。在反应过程中生成的产物生物柴油和甘油对催化剂的活性有很大影响,其中,生物柴油与活性物种发生的皂化反应是造成催化剂失活的主要原因。

在希托夫法测定Cu2+离子迁移数的物理化学实验教学中,目前常用直形和U形两种类型的迁移管,其中使用U形迁移管从阴极区溶液浓度变化算出的迁移数误差较大.以CuSO4为电解质,Cu电极为电解电极,采用分光光度法分别测定了通电后直形、U形和n形三种迁移管中CuSO4溶液浓度随高度的分布情况.研究发现,迁移管的形状对中部区溶液的浓度有较大影响.对于U形和n形迁移管,由于阴极位于迁移管底部,主要受重力作用引起的对流因素的影响,通电后中部区浓度会发生明显改变,并影响到阴极区溶液浓度,导致误差较大;使用直形迁移管受该因素的影响很小,能得到更为准确的结果.

Tin-based dichalcogenides such as SnS2 and SnSe2 have attracted wide attention due to their significant potential for the next-generation optoelectronic and photonic devices in nanotechnology. We investigate the nonlinear absorption of SnS2 and SnSe2 nanosheets using the Z-scan technique with nanosecond pulse and picosecond pulse at 532 nm for the first time. Z-scan measurement reveals that SnS2 nanosheets dispersions exhibit reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behavior under different pulses, which is in contrast to the saturable absorption (SA) observed in the SnSe2 nanosheets dispersions resulted from different band gaps. The nonlinear absorption coefficient (b) and the figures of merit (FOM) of SnS2 dispersed in ethanol with linear transmittances of 0.75 at input energy of 6.16 mu J in the nanosecond regime are 12.78 x 10(-10) m/W and 8.71 x 10(-11) esu.cm, respectively. As for SnSe2 nanosheet dispersions, b and FOM are -12.58 x 10(-10) m/W and 11.98 x 10(-11) esu.cm at the same input energy, respectively. The RSA behavior coupled to the smaller optical limiting threshold F-th (0.23 J/cm(2)) proves SnS2 a promising 2D material for protecting sensitive optical components or eyes from laser-induced damage. The SA performance indicates SnSe2 nanosheets prospective candidates for high-performance nanoscale nanophotonic devices like optical switches. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

: This paper introduces the recent practice of teaching experimental design in physical chemistry laboratory in the Chemical Experimental Teaching Center of Nanjing University. The design of experiment is organized in four parts: selecting main instruments, submitting a preliminary proposal, making a presentation of the detailed project, and carrying out the designed experiment. The teaching practice proves that it is an effective route to cultivate the comprehensive quality and the independent innovation ability of students.

The nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive properties of ZrSe3 nanoflakes were studied with a 6.5 ns pulse laser at 532 nm. Open-aperture Z-scan curves reveal that ZrSe3 nanoflakes have a strong reverse saturable absorption property, and close-aperture Z-scan curves show that ZrSe3 dispersions possess a positive nonlinear refractive index caused by self-focusing. The nonlinear absorption coefficient, the nonlinear refraction coefficient, and the figures of merit (FOM) of ZrSe3 dispersed in water with linear transmittances of 0.86 at input energy of 18 μJ are 6.35 × 10−10 m W−1 15.73 × 10−17 m2 W−1, and 10.09 × 10−11 esu · cm respectively. In addition, nonlinear optical (NLO) performance of ZrSe3 nanoflakes depends on organic solvent dispersions. ZrSe3 nanoflakes in water dispersions have the largest FOM of 10.27 × 10−11 esu · cm, while the FOM in ethanol dispersions is 5.41 × 10−11 esu · cm at the same input energy of 26.5 μJ. The optical limiting threshold Fth of ZrSe3 nanosheet is 2.2 J cm−2 under picosecond laser pulse. The Results imply that ZrSe3 nanoflakes are an extraordinarily promising material for novel nanophotonic devices like optical limiters.

Shaped CaO/carbon catalysts prepared via an in situ transformation exhibit high activities and can be regenerated by steam or CO2 treatment.

Mesoporous graphitic C3N4 has been synthesized using a novel cross-linked bimodal mesoporous (CLBM) SBA-15 as a hard template. This cross-linked bimodal mesoporous SBA-15 template was prepared by adjusting the pH to alter the copolymer micelle size. The resulting mesoporous g-C3N4 replicates the morphology of the mesoporous silica template, and numerous pore openings are formed on the surfaces. The mesoporous g-C3N4 exhibits a high specific surface area and a large pore volume. The photocatalytic degradation activity of methyl orange on mesoporous g-C3N4 is nearly 15.3 times as high as that on bulk-g-C3N4 under visible light irradiation. The high photocatalytic performance of this sample is due to the high specific surface area and more readily accessible active sites.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) attracts considerable attention due to its photocatalytic activity with visible light. In this paper, MgO/g-C3N4 was prepared by self-condensation of NH4SCN at high temperature under the presence of magnesium acetate, and its photocatalytic performance was measured by photodegradation of methyl orange under simulated solar radiation. According to the results, the photocatalytic activity on MgO/g-C3N4 is three times as large as that on g-C3N4.

A series of Al2O3-MgO mixed oxide samples were prepared via an exotemplating pathway using degreasing cotton as template and magnesium acetate and aluminum nitrate as MgO and Al2O3 precursors, respectively. The resulting solid acid/base bifunctional material samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption. It was found that these as-prepared Al2O3-MgO material samples replicated the biomorph of cotton fibre and represented high specific surface area (206 m(2)/g). Amorphous structure was formed at lower Mg content, and the nanocrystals of MgO appeared when the molar ratio of Mg/Al increased to 1. In the methylation of cyclopentadiene, the biomorphic solid acid/base bifunctional material exhibited the catalytic performance much better than the catalyst prepared without using cotton template, and the best result was achieved with a Mg/Al ratio of 20.

为适应创新性人才培养的需要,在物理化学实验教学中进行了验证/探索两段式教学的尝试.介绍了这种新型验证/探索两段式教学的理念,以及在BZ振荡反应实验教学中的实施过程.相比传统验证性实验等教学模式,两段式教学模式既能兼顾学生物理化学基本实验技能的培训,又能培养学生的自主创新能力.在BZ振荡反应实验的试点中,两段式教学取得了很好的效果.

综述了两亲性沸石的研究进展.两亲性沸石同时具有亲油性和亲水性的基团,能被分散在水/油两相界面处,有效地催化油相和水相之间的反应.介绍了两亲性沸石的形成及发展,对不同两亲性沸石的研制、表征进行了归纳,阐述了两亲性沸石在烯烃环氧化、烯烃水合等相界面催化反应体系中的应用,并展望了两亲性沸石未来的发展方向.

Biomorphic magnesium oxide and magnesium oxide/carbon catalysts have been synthesized via an in situ transformation technique using rice grains as a template and carbon precursor. During preparation, MgO precursors are dispersed on the surface of rice grains with the aid of the rice-cooking process, and further transformed into solid bases upon calcination. Biomorphic MgO/carbon materials are formed when calcination is performed in a nitrogen atmosphere. These particles are spindle shaped catalysts with a circumference of several millimeters. Pyrolysis at higher temperature aids in the formation of porous structures, and the resulting MgO/carbon materials display high specific surface area (>260 m(2)/g) and more strongly basic sites. The presence of black carbon affects the catalytic behavior of MgO in the methylation of cyclopentadiene. These shaped MgO/carbon materials exhibit much higher catalytic performance than MgO at lower reaction temperatures. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Using poly (ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (P123) as template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica source, well-ordered cross-linked bimodal mesoporous SBA-15 was easily prepared via an one-pot synthetic strategy, where a pre-self-assembly of P123 with TEOS in strong acidic media was introduced followed by pH-adjusting. The pH-adjusting can effectively change the copolymer micelle size, which directly lead to the formation of the bimodal mesoporous structure at pH range of 6-7.5, with most typical value at pH = 7.5. Meanwhile, these bimodal mesopores are interconnected, which generates a 3D intra-particle porosity with many pore-openings on the surfaces of particles. After modified with tetraethylenepentamine, the as-synthesized bimodal mesoporous SBA-15 exhibited the CO2 adsorption capacities much higher than as-synthesized conventional SBA-15. These bimodal mesoporous SBA-15 materials have great potential application in CO2 capture.