Traditional waterborne polyurethane (WPU) coatings are limited in use due to its low crosslink density and poor adhesive properties. In this study, four types of toluene diisocyanate-functionalized graphene oxide (TGO-1, TGO-2, TGO-3, and TGO-4) were prepared and used as fillers for anti-corrosion coatings to improve the anticorrosion performance of WPU coatings. Their structure were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, Raman, and SEM. Electrochemical tests indicated that the WPU coating containing 0.3 wt% TGO-2 exhibited the highest |Z|0.01HZ and Rt values and possessed the best anticorrosion performance. It was primarily attributed to the excellent physical barrier effect of graphene oxide which was grafted onto polypropylene, improving its dispersibility in coatings.

Nano-ZnO/graphene composite was prepared and added to potassium silicate zinc-rich coating in order to obtain modified potassium silicate zinc-rich anti-corrosion coating (ZG/zinc-rich coating), which would be used for the protection of the surface of the steel substrate. Its morphology and corrosion resistance were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical testing, and salt spray testing. Compared to neat water-based potassium silicate zinc-rich coatings with 50 wt

The effects of polysulfide shuttle and volume expansion in lithium sulfur batteries limit their practical applications. In this work, a two-dimensional fabric with graphene cage interweaving was designed by the chemical vapor deposition method to resolve these issues. It has a large number of micropores, mesopores, and macropores. Sulfur was deposited in these pores by melting method to form sulfur/graphene complex. Polysulfides were confined within these pores, making them less likely to diffuse and shuttle. Graphene walls have strong flexibility and can alleviate the volume expansion effect during the charge and discharge process. Sulfur/graphene complex as active materials were directly coated on aluminum foil by graphene oxide to build lithium-sulfur battery, where graphene oxide served not only as an adhesive but also as a conductive agent to improve the electrochemical performances of batteries. The lithium-sulfur battery had an initial capacity of 1400 mAh g-1 and high-capacity retention (500 mAh g-1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 C rate). These results suggest that the reasonable design of material morphology for sulfur loading will effectively improve the performance of lithium sulfur batteries.

Nano-ZnO/graphene composites were prepared and added to potassium silicate zinc-rich coatings in order to obtain Nano-ZnO/graphene potassium silicate zinc-rich anti-corrosion coatings. Their morphology and corrosion resistance were charactered by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical testing, and salt spray testing. The effect of Nano-ZnO/grapheme contents on the anticorrosion performance of coatings was also studied. Compared to neat water-based potassium silicate zinc-rich coatings with 50wt% zinc, Nano-ZnO/graphene potassium silicate zinc-rich coating with 30wt% zinc and 1wt% Nano-ZnO/graphene has better corrosion resistance. Their water resistance and E corr are improved, i corr is reduced by one order of magnitude, | Z | 0.01Hz is increased by six times, and R ct is increased by three times. This study indicates that Nano-ZnO/graphene not only enhances anti-corrosion performance of potassium silicate zinc-rich anti-corrosion coatings, but also improves the utilization rate of zinc powder.

针对市面上记忆合金热能发动机、记忆合金水车使用不便,展示效果差等问题,对其进行改进,引入智能控温系统,使其能连续不断地工作,同时在记忆合金热能发动机中设计微型发电机,使其带动LED发光二极管工作,增加了记忆合金热能发动机的展示性能,让学生观察到热能发动机的作用.同时,还利用双程记忆合金弹簧设计了一个感温报警器,使记忆合金科普仪器更贴近生活,有利于公众对记忆合金材料的认识,体会材料对生活的作用及影响.

水性硅酸钾富锌防腐涂层因具有安全环保、耐热性好、耐酸碱性强等特点被广泛研究.但其较高的锌含量降低了涂层的力学性能、增加了施工难度,同时锌粉对施工者健康有害.以实验室化学气相沉积法制备的石墨烯为基底,采用原位聚合法制备了石墨烯/聚苯胺复合物.通过扫描电子显微镜、显微共焦激光拉曼光谱仪、X射线衍射仪及红外光谱仪等对石墨烯/聚苯胺复合物的表面形貌与结构进行了表征.研究了石墨烯/聚苯胺复合物对水性硅酸钾富锌防腐涂层性能的影响.结果表明:当锌粉与基料质量比为1∶1,石墨烯/聚苯胺复合物添加量为2%时,涂层的附着力为1级,硬度为5H,自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)为-0.533 V,自腐蚀电流密度(icorr)为4.788×10-7 A/cm2,低频区阻抗模值(|Z|0.01 Hz)为4.25×104 Ω·cm2,静态水接触角为89.8°.石墨烯/聚苯胺复合物不仅能提高涂层的防腐性能和力学性能,还能提高锌粉的有效利用率,从而降低锌粉含量.

To implement the National Teaching Standard for Chemistry Majors and related requirements proposed by the Instructional Committee of Higher Chemistry Education, Ministry of Education, suggestions of physical chemistry laboratory teaching are made.The teaching goals and contents of the overall and definite physical chemistry laboratory are both defined.The principles for measuring physicochemical parameters and properties are clarified based on some typical experiments with special devices.The laboratory teaching goals including knowledge, ability and quality that should be achieved are suggested.It is of guiding significance for the further reform and construction of physical chemistry laboratory.

乙酸钠、氢氧化钠、氧化钙研磨混合法制备甲烷气体的实验存在反应速率慢、产率低、试管易破裂及不易清洗等问题.基于此,在反应物不变的情况下,采用溶剂混合法,可实现快速、高效制备甲烷气体,同时也解决了试管破裂、不易清洗等问题.该方法解决了以往制备甲烷气体的不足,可有效应用于化学实验中.

中学化学教材中有关化学平衡的实验一般只集中在展现化学平衡的移动上,未涉及展示化学平衡建立的过程.创新实验利用自制的化学平衡实验装置,通过观察(NH4)2CO3分解体系压力随时间的变化曲线p-t图,来直观认识体系的化学反应从不平衡到平衡的过程,从而帮助学生理解化学平衡概念.

A modified apparatus for measuring surface tension with the bubble-pressure method is proposed. Compared with a traditional instrument, this apparatus improved the accuracy of maximum pressure difference measurement and achieved the hydrostatic pressure correction. The apparatus was employed to determine the surface tension values of distilled water and ethanol, respectively, at different temperatures. Additionally, the cross-sectional area of the ethanol molecule was obtained from the surface tension of ethanol solutions with different concentrations and Gibbs adsorption. It was found that all measured values were in accordance with literature data. Thus, the improved device exhibited excellent accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, all of the instrumental components were assembled into one body, making it easy for undergraduate students to operate.

An efficient visible light-responsive TiO2/graphene composite was synthesized easily by grinding. The structure and morphology of the composite were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, ultra-high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The photocatalytic characteristics were studied by degrading methylene blue under different conditions such as pH, catalyst dosage, different wt.% ratios of TiO2/ graphene composites, irradiation time, and initial concentration of methylene blue. The results showed that the TiO2/2.0% graphene possessed much higher photocatalytic activities under visible light than pure TiO2, displayed high photochemical stability under repeated irradiation, and can also effectively and selectively degraded a mixture of methyl orange and methylene blue. The degradation of methylene blue followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics of Langmuir-HinShelwood model. In addition, the possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation process was proposed.

针对物化实验中高精度温度测量需求,设计了基于恒流源驱动Pt1000的数字贝克曼温度计,分析了测温系统工作原理、定标方法及影响测温系统准确度的诸多因素.根据测温需求合理设置电路参数,测温精度可达到0.001℃.调试并修正了系统参数,测试结果表明:提高了测温准确度.该系统具有功耗小、成本低廉等特点,并获得了应用.

A novel amphoteric adsorbent, ethylenediamine-modified carboxymethyl cellulose (EDA-CMC,) with various CMC amounts, was prepared to eliminate toxic methylene blue (MB) and orange II (ORII) dyes from wastewater. The modification and adsorption onto EDA-CMC1 was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and zeta potentials. At 293 K, the maximum adsorption capacities of 82.06 and 63.72 mg g-1- for 250 mg L-1 MB and ORII, respectively, were obtained at pH 11 (MB) and pH 3 (ORII) within 30 min. Various zeta potentials were obtained (+10 mV at pH 3 and-30 mV at pH 11) and pH-sensitive properties of EDA-CMC1 were exhibited during the adsorption process. The adsorption of ORII followed the Langmuir isotherm, while MB adsorption could be described better by Freundlich model. For adsorption kinetics, both of them followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation. These results indicated that EDA-CMC1 could serve as a potential material for textile wastewater treatment.

In this work, the bead adsorbent derived from chitosan and gelatin, filled with graphene for orange II (ORII) removal was prepared facilely. The synthesized samples were analyzed by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Zetasizer Nano, field emission scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The analysis of adsorption behavior of the as-prepared composite toward ORII was conducted, where the effects of the contact time, pH, the initial ORII concentration, swelling behavior and recyclability were studied. The highest removal efficiency of 84.3% at the optimum conditions (0.03 g beads, 10 mL 50 mg L-1 ORII, original pH (7.14), 120 min) was obtained. In addition, the effects of salts and surfactants on the adsorption performance were also investigated. Subsequently, the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were performed and analyzed in order to achieve a thorough comprehension of dyes adsorption mechanism. The results revealed that electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding played an important role in the dye adsorption process. Based on these analyses, it can be concluded that the as-prepared chitosan-gelatin-graphene trinary composite should be acted as a promising adsorbent for high-efficiency dye removal to deal with water pollution. (C) 2019 Institution of Chemical Engineers. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

基于涟源凹陷二叠系梁山组泥页岩野外露头、钻井等资料,通过有机地化分析测试、X-衍射分析、扫描电镜观察、等温吸附等实验测试分析,系统研究了梁山组泥页岩的地质及地化特征、矿物组成、孔隙结构及吸附性能等.研究结果表明,梁山组有效泥页岩单层厚度为6.15～35.18 m;有机质丰度较高,多数大于1％,平均为1.77％;有机质类型主要为I型,岩石热解峰温Tmax(450～533℃)和镜质体反射率(1.51％～1.83％)表明泥页岩属于高成熟阶段富有机质泥页岩.泥页岩矿物组成以石英为主,黏土矿物含量次之,黏土矿物以伊利石为主,有利于改善泥页岩储集性能.孔隙类型多样,有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔及微裂缝为页岩气赋存提供空间.页岩吸附气含量达0.65m3/t,具有一定的气体吸附能力.总体上梁山组泥页岩在涟源凹陷普遍发育且规模较大,特别是向斜区南部是页岩气有利勘探区.

以湘中地区涟源凹陷二叠系小江边组富有机质泥页岩为研究对象,通过有机地球化学分析测试、X射线衍射矿物分析、扫描电镜观察、压汞实验、氮气吸附测试等实验方法,联合表征泥页岩的储层特征和储集空间特征;结合等温吸附实验,探讨了小江边组页岩的含气性特征.结果 表明:小江边组有效泥页岩累计厚度12.46 ～49.89 m;有机碳含量一般大于1％,平均1.48％;有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型,有机质成熟度在1.61％ ～2.31％,属于高成熟—过成熟富有机质泥页岩;微孔裂隙发育,孔隙结构以中孔为主,孔隙间连通性较好;泥页岩吸附含气量为0.37 ～0.78 cm3/g,具有页岩气成藏的基本地质条件.基于泥页岩有效厚度、有机质含量及类型、热演化程度和含气量等因素,预测涟源凹陷小江边组页岩气有利勘探区主要位于车田江向斜北部、桥头河向斜北部以及恩口-斗笠山向斜北部等区域.

Novel amphoteric microspheres adsorbents (HA(x)/CMC-yAl), based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modified with various amount of humic acid (HA) and cross-linker aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)(3)), were synthesized facilely under mild conditions. Its adsorption properties toward representative cationic and anionic dyes were studied. The optimized adsorbent HA(1.)(0)/CMC-3Al was characterized and analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and Zeta potentials. The effects of types of dye substrates, contact time, initial dye concentration, pH of the solution, and adsorbent dosage, on cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic orange II (ORII) removal were system. atically investigated. The HA(1.0)/CMC-3Al showed pH-sensitive and the maximum adsorption capacities toward MB and ORII were 76.92 and 71.43 mg g(-1), respectively, within 300 min at pH 3 and 295 K. The swelling rate and the recylcing properties were also studied. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm provided better correlation with the experimental data for the adsorption of dyes onto HA(1.0)/CMC-3Al. The effects of coexistent NaCl and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) surfactant on a binary dye system (MB/ORII) were also investigated. The results indicated that the adsorption of dyes was inhibited by NaCl, while the adsorption of cationic dye was promoted by SDBS at given concentrations. In addition, the possible mechanism of adsorption process was proposed.

The TiSAPO-34 molecular sieves have been successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), N-2 adsorption-desorption, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS) and thermogravimetric (TG) have been employed to determine the properties of the samples. The TiSAPO-34 molecular sieves could be served as efficient adsorbents for adsorbing a typical contaminants, methylene blue (MB) from water. Moreover, the doped amount of titanium, the stability and recyclability of the catalysts have been investigated in detail. The results revealed that the resulting samples were the spherical microporous molecular sieve, which with good thermal stability. Interestingly, a certain amount of Ti atoms could embed the matrix of SAPO-34 molecular sieves successfully, and the skeleton structure of SAPO-34 molecular sieves still maintained. Importantly, the samples synthetic after crystallization at 190 degrees C for 24 h exhibited the optimal adsorption performance for the adsorption of MB, giving an adsorption rate of 80% after 1 hour.

A novel photocatalyst, titanium dioxide/spherical graphene nodules (TiO2/SGNs) composites were prepared successfully by hydrothermal synthesis. SGNs were synthetized by simple thermal pyrolysis of methane in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) reactor over home-made MgO from dolomite. The structure of TiO2/SGNs composites was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results showed that an anatase type TiO2 was obtained, and TiO2 and SGNs were successfully combined. FT-IR and XPS results lend support to the proposed mechanism of formation of TiO2/SGNs composites through the bonding between oxygen vacancy sites in TiO2 (Ti-O-Ti bonds) and in-plane oxygen functional (epoxy) groups in SGNs possibly via Ti-O-C bonds. The photocatalytic activity on methylene blue (MB) degradation proved that TiO2/SGNs composites were more effective under UV light than pure TiO2, SGNs and dark reaction. Kinetic studies indicated that MB degradation followed Langmuir Hinshelwood model better, the increase of the initial concentration of MB, the apparent reaction rate constant decreased. The results indicated that the TiO2/SGNs composites could be employed as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of textile dyes from effluents.