Objective:To explore the prevention and treatment of bronchial asthma in children.Methods:89 children with asthma received painless screening in vitro of inhalant allergens and food allergens,111 children with positive allergens were divided into health education group,desensitization group and control group,and the clinical efficacies were observed.Results:89 children with asthma were found with positive allergens;among 111 children with positive allergens,the clinical efficacy and pulmonary function changes in desensitization group and health education group were significantly better than those in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:For the children with bronchial asthma,painless screening in vitro of allergens,desensitization and health education can reduce the recurrence or relieve the disease,which are of positive significance to prevent and treat asthma in children.

Objective To control nosocomial infection improve the medical benefits.Methods Evaluate how many health-care cost can be saved and how much medical benefit can be brought to us through reduce the incident of nosocomial infection.Results In 2008 for example,our hospital's nosocomial infection caused the direct losses for 195.6 million yuan,cannot calculate the economic loss of per capita gross national production growth 3 041.76 yuan.Control the nosocomial infection can increase for our hospital 180.045 million net income.Conclusion To control nosocomial infection is not anything with consumes only and no gains.Control nosocomial infection,not only reduce the patient's pain and economic burden,reduce some of the medical dispute,but also can accelerate sickbed turnover,improve medical equipment usage rate,reduce pharmaceutical waste of resources,increase the hospital revenue,improve hospital medical quality and reputation.From the cost-benefit perspective,income benefit perspective,income benefit far outweigh the costs.

目的了解医院感染现状,分析其相关因素,提出加强医院感染管理的措施,为制定监控措施提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,于2009年11月24日进行医院感染现患率调查,并对资料进行统计分析。结果应查住院患者702例,实查例数为695例(99.0%),发生医院感染26例,医院感染现患率为3.74%。现患率列前3位的科室依次是ICU(50.00%)、呼吸内科(12.50%)和泌尿外科(10.53%);感染部位构成列前3位的依次是下呼吸道(53.85%)、泌尿道(19.23%)、切口(11.54%)。结论医院感染现患率调查有利于发现医院感染管理中存在的问题,为制定医院感染监控措施提供可靠依据;建立医院感染菌谱档案以指导抗菌药物的合理使用、加强病房管理、预防交叉感染的发生及加强无菌操作技术培训和消毒管理,皆是降低医院感染率的重要措施。

目的 了解本地区ICU医院感染发生情况,为制定防控措施提供依据.方法 随机抽出3家医院ICU作为样本进行持续1年的医院感染前瞻件目标监测.结果 监测686例ICU住院病人,医院感染率26.09%,例次感染率33.09%;主要感染部位前5位是下呼吸道感染65.36%,泌尿道感染11.73%,胃肠道感染7.26%,血管相关性感染6.15%,皮肤感染3.91%;感染病原体前4位是鲍曼氏不动杆菌23.68%,肺炎克雷伯氏菌19.74%,铜绿假单胞菌15.79%,大肠埃希菌15.79%;4位病原体对头孢类抗生素普遍耐药:有创操作的医院感染率明显增高.结论 ICU医院感染前瞻性目标监测值高于回顾性调查值,病原体仍以革兰阴性菌为主,建立人工气道是下呼吸道感染的主要因素,加强人工气道管理、多设单间病房、合理使用抗菌素是降低ICU医院感染的主要措施.

Objective:To study research intensive care unit(ICU)infection and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and to provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics.Methods:Statistically analyze the strains of specimens from patients in ICU during January,2006 to December,2007.Results:G bacilli accounted for 57.50% in all the pathogens,of which acinetobacter baumannii accounted for 17.70%,and pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 15.10%.Sensitivity test showed that the level of resistance was a little higher.Of which the G~+ bacteria accounted for 31.10%,staphylococcus aureus accounted for 11.30%,staphylococcus epidermidis accounting for 13.60%,and the fungi was 11.40%.Conclusion:The key to reduce bacterial resistance and drug-resistant is the strengthening the management of infection in ICU the monitoring bacterial resistance,and the rational use of antibiotics.

目的:了解外来青年工乙型肝炎(乙肝)病毒(HVB)感染标志的分布情况,为制定外来青年工预防乙肝防制措施提供依据.方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法检测4 766例年龄18岁～35岁的非东莞籍外来青年工HBV血清学标志物(HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、HbcAb)并对检测结果进行分析.结果:受检的4 766例外来青年工中HBsAg阳性522例,阳性率为10.95%,男性HBsAg阳性率为12.68%,女性HBsAg阳性率9.84%.受调查青年工中42.36%未感染过HBV,28.14%曾接受过乙肝疫苗接种或感染后恢复.结论:在我国将乙肝疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫之后,成人作为乙肝发病高危人群越显突出,在外来青年工中扩大免疫是十分必要的,本次分析为该人群制定乙肝疫苗免疫策略提供本底资料和参考.

Objective Get the message of the signs distribution of youth workers' infection of hepatitis B(HBV) virus(HVB),and provide the basis for development of external control measures for the prevention of hepatitis B.Methods By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test the serological markers of HBV(HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg,HBeAb,HbcAb) in 4 766 Cases,aged 18 to 35-year-old foreign nationals of non-youth workers in Dongguan,and analyze the results.Results In the 4 766 foreign workers in,522 HBsAg positive,the positive rate was 10.95%.Male HBsAg positive rate was 12.68%,women HBsAg positive rate was 9.84%.42.36% youth workers who we tested were under investigation of the HBV infection,and 28.14 percent of them had accepted hepatitis B vaccination or infection recovery.Conclusion Adult had been the more prominent high-risk groups of Hepatitis B infection after the Hepatitis B vaccine include a child immunization in China.So it's extremely necessary that youth workers are in the external EPI.This investigation provide information and reference for the development of hepatitis B vaccine immunization strategy to this crowd.

Objective Research intensive care unit (ICU) infection and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, to provide a basis for the rational use of antibiotics. Methods Statistical analysis the strains of specimens from patients in ICU during January, 2006 to December, 2007. Result G-bacilli accounted for 57.5% in all the pathogens, of which acinetobacter baumannii accounted for 17.7%, pseudomonas aeruginosa accounted for 15.1%. Sensitivity test showed that the level of resistance was a little high. Of witch the G+ bacteria accounted for 31.1%, staphylococcus aureus accounted for 11.3%, staphylococcus epidermidis accounting for 13.6%, and the fungi was of 11.4%. Conclusion The key to reduce bacterial resistance and drug-resistant is strengthen the management of infection in ICU and the monitoring of bacterial resistance, and the rational use of antibiotics.

<正>医院卫生统计工作是医院管理的重要组成部分,统计信息是领导评价、总结工作、研究问题、制定政策和计划的重要依据,是管理、监测各项活动的重要手段,也是政府和社会公众对卫生信息的需求。全面提高卫生统计服务质量,充分发挥卫生统计信息的整体功能,已成为卫生事业工作者共同关注的一个重要的课题。

目的:探讨本市儿童手足口病定点医院病人流行的基本特征和控制措施效果。方法:对我院收治的手足口患儿的处理措施及效果等资料进行回顾性分析。结果:2008年4月30日至7月31日,我院累计报告发病1197例。首例于4月30日入院,5月开始全市疫情呈上升趋势,5月上旬达最高峰,此后疫情呈下降趋势,7月份以后日平均发病人数降至6例以下。发病年龄以3岁以下为主(80.28%)。502例住院患儿中,普通病例405例(80.68%),重症病例97例(19.32%,包括门诊患儿在内占8.10%)。其中27例重症患儿行病毒学检查,肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus71,EV71)阳性19例(70.37%),柯萨奇病毒A16型(Cox A16)阳性4例(14.81%)。主要控制措施及效果:按病情轻重分别在手足口病门诊、专门隔离病区和PICU病房隔离治疗;加强病房通风换气;进行空气、物体表面消毒;医务人员加强个人防护。治愈1179例(98.50%),好转7例(0.58%),自动出院9例(0.75%),死亡2例(0.17%)。儿科住院病人和工作人员家属无1例因院内感染致手足口病。结论:落实各项控制措施,全员培训,合理设计隔离病区,早期识别并治疗重症病例是控制此病的关键。

[目的]了解烧伤病人铜绿假单胞菌感染情况。[方法]对烧伤病区病人及周围环境进行流行病学调查,采集铜绿假单胞菌培养样本252份。[结果]252份样本中,铜绿假单胞菌阳性22份,阳性率8.7%;病人创面、病房物体表面铜绿假单胞菌检出率较高。[结论]警惕区域性铜绿假单胞菌交叉感染,烧伤病区工作人员手、公共医疗用品的消毒不容忽视。

[目的]了解门诊儿童血铅及血镉水平,为防治血铅,血镉水平过高提供参考依据。[方法]用钨舟原子吸收光谱法,对东莞市1490例门诊儿童进行血铅、血镉测定。[结果]血铅水平为(0．36±0．20)μmol／L,铅中毒的检出率为23．56％;血镉水平为(2．24±2．50)μg／L,镉中毒的检出率为6．64％。[结论]东莞市城区铅、镉污染较严重, 特别是镉的污染,应引起各方的重视。

目的 了解我院临床第一线的护工、卫生员对爱滋病知识的知晓程度,以便在这些工作人员中有效地开展爱滋病知识宣传和教育工作,提高医院工勤、陪护人员对艾滋病的防范意识,减少职业暴露的机率.方法 采取随机抽样的方法,自制问卷调查表,以不记名方式对医院临床第一线的卫生员、陪护人员(包括护工、卫生员、职业陪护)进行调查.结果 医院临床第一线的卫生员、陪护人员对艾滋病知识,包括艾滋病一般知识、传播途径和方式、预防知识、被艾滋病患者用过的针刺伤后及被艾滋病患者的血液和体液污染后的态度等的相关问题回答正确率普遍低.结论 临床第一线的卫生员、陪护人员对艾滋病知识的了解程度很低.面对日益增多的艾滋病患者,对医院临床第一线的工作人员,进行艾滋病知识的培训势在必行,可以提高她们对艾滋病的预防意识,可以有效地减少对艾滋病的职业暴露.

【目的】研究东莞市儿童血清五种元素。【方法】采用北京博辉原子吸收光谱仪,测定2 046例不同年龄组元素钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镁(Mg),对其结果进行统计学分析。【结果】不同年龄组男女之间各种元素值比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05),某些元素失衡的程度与年龄有一定的关联。【结论】在东莞地区的儿童保健中,应加强锌与铁的合理补充,年龄越大越要注意钙和铜的流失,提倡从婴幼儿开始补铁,补锌,合理补钙。

[目的]研究东莞市儿童血清五种元素.[方法]采用北京博辉原子吸收光谱仪,测定2 046例不同年龄组元素钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镁(Mg),对其结果进行统计学分析.[结果]不同年龄组男女之间各种元素值比较,差异无显著性(P＞0.05),某些元素失衡的程度与年龄有一定的关联.[结论]在东莞地区的儿童保健中,应加强锌与铁的合理补充,年龄越大越要注意钙和铜的流失,提倡从婴幼儿开始补铁,补锌,合理补钙.

目的:探讨纤支镜常规治疗因银环蛇咬伤中毒需进行机械通气患者的临床价值.方法:对20例因银环蛇咬伤中毒需进行机械通气的患者,常规采用纤支镜引导经鼻气管插管,吸痰、冲洗、入药等治疗,并随机选择了1 5例非常规治疗的银环蛇咬伤中毒的机械通气患者作为对照组.结果:常规治疗组平均气管插管停留时间(104.4 ± 44.05)h,与对照组(111.8±53.33)h比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).常规治疗组在治疗期间有较好耐受性,较少出现意外拔管(0/20),与对照组经口插管比较(5/10)有显著性差异(P＜0.05).常规治疗组无发生呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP).常规治疗组住院时间(5.6±2 3)d,与对照组比较(8.73±5.08)d,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).讨论:纤支镜常规治疗银环蛇咬伤中毒需进行机械通气的患者,可减少意外拔管,减少VAP发生,缩短住院时间,有较好的临床价值.