Functional organic fertilizer is an important path to promoting the reduction of chemical fertilizer. Due to the lack of systematic literature, there is insufficient understanding of the research progress, hot spots, and trends in this field. This paper adopts CiteSpace 5.8 R1 software, retrieves the literature related to functional organic fertilizer from the CNKI and core data sets of the web of science, and makes statistical and visual analysis from the number of documents, authors, institutions, keywords, and hot spots. The results showed that:（1） At present, the research on functional organic fertilizer is in a hot state. The number of papers issued by domestic scholars has exceeded that of foreign scholars in 2021, and the influence of domestic scholars in this field is better than that of foreign scholars.（2）Among the domestic scholars and teams, Shen Q. R., Liu Q., Lin, X. G. are important forces in the research of functional organic fertilizer. The institutions are mainly agricultural scientific research institutions and universities,such as Nanjing Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, etc. On the whole, the amounts of papers issued by foreign scholars are low and scattered, and no obvious research team has been formed.（3） The research keywords at home and abroad mainly focus on the research and development of functional organic fertilizer, and the benefit analysis of the nutrient status,functional diversity change and enzyme activities after the application of organic fertilizer. At the same time, new hot keywords such as functional gene, carbon and diversity analysis have been produced.（4） According to the analysis of timeline mapping, the main clustering types such as organic fertilizer, diversity and adsorption have been formed at home and abroad. Organic fertilizer, biochar, hummus, long-term fertilization observation, bacterial community and diversity are the current hotspots. At the same time, due to the mature application of high-tech means, these hotspots will maintain the research heat for a long time. This paper objectively reveals the research trends, hot spots and trends of functional organic fertilizer, and believes that the research on the functionality, effectiveness and stability of materials in the preparation of functional organic fertilizer should be strengthened at present. At the same time, focus on the environmental benefit analysis after the application of organic fertilizer should include product quality, human health, environmental residue, nutrient slow-release and carbon fixation, in order to better promote green development and ecological revitalization.

以梁平作为研究区,从生态格局、生态功能、生态胁迫、生物多样性以及污染压力 5 个方面开展梁平生态本底现状进行评估,并识别梁平良好生态本底空间分布.得出以下结果:(1)梁平区生态质量维度处于优秀等级面积为 507.9 km2,分布于双桂、安胜等乡镇;良好等级面积为988.96 km2,分布在梁平的东南部乡镇;一般等级区域主要分布于梁平东部地区.(2)梁平区生态质量存在优秀和良好两种类型,优秀等级地区占全区总面积的 2.91%;良好等级地区占全区总面积的 97.09%.总体上,梁平污染压力较小.(3)梁平区生态本底为优秀等级面积为6.55 km2,仅占全区总面积的 0.35%;良好等级的地区主要分布在梁平的东北以及西部乡镇,占全区总面积的 22.63%;一般等级区域主要分布于梁平中部以及西北部的乡镇,占全区总面积的77.02%.梁平生态本底类型整体以一般等级为主.

对重庆市2000-2020年间的土地利用数据进行分析,基于改进的输出系数模型和核密度分析工具,开展全市面源污染风险测算和集聚程度分析.研究发现:(1)2000年、2010年、2020年TN的无风险和极高风险等级比例分别为6.09％→2.05％→10.04％和9.2％→9.79％→6.86％,表明2000-2020年期间全市面源污染风险呈现先增加后降低的趋势.(2)2010-2020年期间面源污染风险降低显著,风险等级均值在4以上的乡镇由19个减少到7个,风险等级均值在2以下的乡镇由38个上升到82个.(3)核密度分析结果显示2000-2020年期间面源污染的高风险区域的集聚程度存在降低趋势,尤其在各区县的城区以及渝东北城镇群和渝东南城镇群的退耕还林区域.

过敏性疾病的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,受到社会公众、医务与环境工作者的广泛关注。环境因素是过敏性疾病发病与发展过程中极其重要的因素,研究表明室内过敏原如尘螨、真菌、花粉等可引发和加剧过敏个体的过敏症状如哮喘等,室内环境过敏原检测可以评估室内环境中过敏原含量,进一步提供干预措施,为个体化防治过敏性疾病提供重要依据。尘螨、真菌、花粉检测方法有很多,但室内环境中过敏原检测与处理的方法及相关标准尚无推荐,都亟待规范。本共识以室内环境过敏原（尘螨、真菌、花粉）检测相关的常见问题为导向,查阅相关文献,整合多学科专家意见,达成共识,形成室内环境中尘螨、真菌、花粉相关检测及处理方法的共识与建议。

山区高环境空间异质性对于生物多样性维持具有重要支撑作用,生物多样性是乡村绿色发展的重要基础资源.生态振兴是山区乡村振兴的重要发展方向,其中生物多样性保育与可持续利用已成为乡村生态振兴的重要途径.西南武陵山区是中国生物多样性热点区域,丰富而独特的生物多样性为武陵山区乡村生态振兴奠定了良好基础.本文以地处武陵山区的重庆市石柱县桥头镇为例,基于其"林—草—湿"一体化的优良生态本底和丰富独特的山地生物多样性资源,针对山区立体环境特征、生态资源禀赋和生物多样性现状,在探讨其山地生物多样性特征的基础上,提出了基于生物多样性保育的乡村生态振兴目标、策略及模式,为山地区域从多空间维度、多时空尺度、多产业层次实现乡村生态振兴提供借鉴.

在重庆主城区选取3家典型燃气麻辣火锅店进行午高峰和晚高峰空气污染物测试和采样,用Tenax吸附管进行VOC吸附采样,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法对吸收管样品进行定性定量分析.现场污染测试显示,在午高峰晚高峰时段,火锅店空气CO、甲醛和VOC浓度都有不同程度超标.经对比分析,火锅蒸汽含有68种挥发性组分,包括醇类、烯类、酯类、醛类、酸类、醚类和含氮含硫及杂环类化合物7种,其中醇类占比最多,烯类次之;火锅店室内空气占比最多的却是烯类,醇类次之.醇类和烯类之和占VOC总量的86.39％ ～94.16％.

在经济技术发展进程中,化工企业的规模不断扩大,虽然化工生产能为经济发展带来积极有效的助推力,但是由于受到化工生产工艺等相应指标的直接影响,化工生产阶段通常会伴随产生相应SO2废气,一旦缺少对废气的有效处理,就会造成大气污染,促使生态环境指标下降.因此,针对SO2废气特点,应用与之对应的处理工艺促使废气达到排放指标十分必要,这不仅能够有效降低污染排放量,更能促使系统运行能效不断提升.本文围绕超高浓度SO2,详细分析了其废气处理工艺设计和工艺应用.

工业有机废气成分复杂,若不加以有效处理,直接排放会严重污染大气环境,因此废气处理的重要性不断凸显.人们要根据实际需求运用相应的废气处理工艺,对处理效果进行精细评价,这样才能不断提升废气处理工艺水平.本文详细地阐述了目前有机废气处理中常用的工艺,而后分析并评价了其处理效果.

以重庆某汽车产业园为研究对象,基于DB 50∕577-2015《汽车整车制造表面涂装大气污染物排放标准》、DB 50∕660-2016《摩托车及汽车配件制造表面涂装大气污染物排放标准》,调查分析了13家重点企业有组织排放的挥发性有机物(VOCs)排放浓度、排放量及组分特征.结果表明:该产业园各排放环节VOCs最大浓度为243.00 mg∕m3,最大浓度产生环节集中在表面涂装工序;产业园VOCs瞬时最高排放量为141.146 kg∕h,含表面涂装工序汽车零配件厂VOCs排放量占产业园总排放量的66％;VOCs中主要检出物为乙酸丁酯(37％)、二甲苯(30％)和乙苯(18％),各企业排放的VOCs组成因稀释剂不同存在较大差异.产业园的环境管理重点应由整车涂装向零配件生产企业涂装倾斜.

以北方典型生态脆弱区榆林市为例,利用1951—2012年地面气象观测站统计的气象资料,结合趋势分析和距平累积分析方法,对过去60年间该地区的气温和降水变化趋势进行了定量分析.研究结果显示:(1)过去60年间,研究区气温变暖趋势明显,年平均气温增加倾向率为0.20℃/a.(2)研究区降水在剧烈波动变化中趋于减少,研究时段内年降水量减少倾向率为-8.4 mm/a.(3)榆林市经历了由冷湿气候向暖干气候的转变.(4)气温的升高对榆林市风沙天气和旱灾等气象灾害的发生有一定加剧作用,而降水的减少进一步增加了榆林市生态系统脆弱性程度.

利用重庆市主城区2009年～ 2013年二氧化氮监测数据,对重庆市二氧化氮浓度时空变化趋势进行分析.结果表明:近5年二氧化氮浓度总体呈上升趋势,空间分布呈交通干线和城市中心区域二氧化氮浓度相对偏高的分布特征;日变化出现“双峰双谷”分布,峰值分别出现在中午11时左右和夜间21时左右,“双谷”分别出现在凌晨6时和下午16时左右;二氧化氮变化显示出受到交通源排放、边界层气象条件及臭氧大气光化学反应过程的影响,影响程度与道路交通相对空间位置、拥堵程度等相关联.

以2008年乌江水质的调查数据为依据,研究了乌江重庆段万木、鹿角、锣鹰段、武隆和麻柳嘴断面水体中的CODMn、氮、磷的空间分布特征.结果表明,乌江重庆段武隆断面TN质量浓度均值为2.317 mg/L,其中无机氮为2.107 mg/L,占TN的90.93％;N03-N为2.022 mg/L,占无机氮总量的95.97％,TN质量浓度呈现丰水期＞枯水期＞平水期.TP均值为0.173 mg/L,TP质量浓度呈现夏季＞冬季＞春秋季,丰水期＞其他水期;总CODMn与颗粒态CODMn的变化规律一致,均表现为丰水期＞平水期＞枯水期;N、P、CODMn在水深方向变化不明显;NH4+-N的全年质量浓度均值按照万木、鹿角、锣鹰段、武隆依次降低,到麻柳嘴断面回升.CODMn在水流沿程方向总体呈现出上游断面质量浓度较高,随水流方向各断面质量浓度总体呈下降趋势,在麻柳嘴断面处回升.营养盐在麻柳嘴断面的质量浓度有所回升,可能是三峡水库蓄水导致江水回荡,使其质量浓度升高.

[Objective]The research aimed to study influence factors of phosphorous removal by chemical method in sewage treatment system.[Method]In different reaction systems,removal effect of the phosphorous in sewage by dosing lime and influence of the constraint factor were studied.[Result]Lime precipitation method treating high-concentration phosphorous wastewater could not only decline cost of phosphorous removal by chemical method,but also reach better treatment effect under suitable stirring and precipitation conditions by controlling alkalinity and pH.Phosphorous content of chemical sludge after treatment could reach 9%-12%,with higher recyclable value.[Conclusion] Lime method treating phosphorous-rich sewage was more economic than low-phosphorous sewage,and had very big potential for recycling of phosphorous.

As a typical clean energy ,LiFePO4 battery was popularized and used extensively in recent years .Howev-er ,the discharged pollutants and their control measures during the battery's production were barely mentioned .On the basis of environmental impact assessment in a LiFePO4 battery production project ,this study analyzed one by one the important technical points of environment evaluation in terms of engineering analysis ,key factors analysis , demonstration of pollution prevention and control ,cleaner production ,risk assessment ,industrial policies .In addi-tion ,issues requiring special attention during the production of lithium batteries were raised from the perspective of a project's environmental impact assessment with corresponding pollution control measures proposed to provide the basis for environmental management and project construction in the next phase .

Considering the influence characteristics on water environment of the cross-river bridge,this article made a deep analysis and study on limited factors of risk probability.The maximum credible accident caused by cross-river bridge was the influence on regional water environment caused by side-turning over,crashing,dangerous chemicals leakage and other accidents when crossing the river.In this research,typical accidental probability cardinality was calculated from the original data statistics of traffic accidents in project area.The probability of bridge project maximum credible accident was calculated on the basis of accident probability cardinality,car type ratio,road alignment characteristics,accident area,morphology proportion,protective measures and other limiting factors.

The effect of micro-aerobic time on nitrogen removal efficiency in low carbon source sewage was evalua-ted .Results showed that micro-aerobic time had no obvious effect on COD removal efficiency ,but had a significant effect on nitrification and denitrification efficiency of the system .Ammonium nitrogen removal rate was up to 96.9% under the condition of 2h anaerobic process and 7h aerobic process ;The concentration of nitrite in effluent was only 0 .116 mg/L ,and no nitrite accumulation was observed ;The removal rate (47 .3% ) of the system to TN was the highest .Micro-aerobic time too long or too short would cause the nitrification and denitrification efficiency of the system dropped .

Through sampling and analyzing in 5 typical tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir,parameters of the water quality and main nutrients were monitored in Mar.,May and Aug.of 2006.The variation of permenganate index of oxygen demand and COD ranged from 1.00 -2.50mg/L and 6.00-26.5mg/L respectively.Concentration of organic contamination was not discrepancy in upstream and backwater areas.Values of ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N ),total nitrogen(TN ) and total phosphorus(TP) were 0.039 -0.367mg/L,0.58 - 1.67mg/L and 0.005 -0.133mg/L,respectively.Concentration of NH_4~+-N in Aug.was higher than thoses in Mar.and May,when concentrations of TN and TP were largely exceed the minimum limited value of eutrophic state. The ratio of TN and TP were favored well for algae growth in nearly all tributaries.Chl.a ranged from 0.94 -28.9mg/m~3.Chl.a values in backwater areas of tributaries were exceed upstream and the concentration of Chl.a in May was higher than in Mar.and Aug..Utilizing the method of modified Carlson trophic state index(TSI_M ) has assessed the trophic states of the studied area.The values of TSI_M ranged from 36.0-64.2,showing that the trophic state of upstream area was oligotropher to mesotropher and the backwater areas were mesotropher to eutropher.Trophic state of backwater areas were poorer than upstream,and was affected by impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir.There was a significant positive correlation between Chl.a and COD,but Chl.a was not significant correlation with other nutrient factors.After the Three Gorges Reservoir was completed in 2009,eutrophic trend of tributaries in backwater areas would be more serious with the decrease of flow velocity.

Through sampling and analysis of 6 horizontal stations and 4 vertical stations in the Three Gorges area, the spatial variation of water quality parameter,dissolved oxygen(DO),biochemical oxygen demand(BOD_5)and permenganate index of oxygen demand(COD_(Mn))were revealed in Feb.,May and Aug.,2004.Concentration of BOD_5 were retained low level which preceded surface water standard I and COD_(Mn)changed fromⅡ-Ⅳin diverse season.The variation of BOD_5 and COD_(Mn)ranged from 0.1-1.3 mg/L and 1.8-6.3 mg/L respectively.Horizon- tal concentration of DO,BOD_5 and COD_(Mn)in reservoir area were lower than upstream area.In flood season,con- centration of COD_(Mn)were higher than normal and dry season.In reservoir area,the lower concentration of BOD_5 were due to long retension time and COD due to particulate deposition.The vertical variation of BOD_5 and COD_(Mn) were not notable and organic pollutant were not layered.Particle COD_(Mn)rate in total COD_(Mn)in dry,normal and flood season ranged from 5.5%-27.3% ,9.1%-28.8% and 48.6%-78.3% respectively.Water quality was improved when passing through reservoir.Flux of COD_(Mn) and BOD_5 decreased 44% and 76% in dry season,13. 5% and 32% in normal season,31.8% and 19.1% in flood season respectively.There was significant correlation between organic pollutant load and water discharge.Because of algae growth,the saturated rate of DO in Daning river bay is higher than in the main stream of reservoir.

根据2004年2、5、8月,三峡水库成库后6个水平断面、4个垂直断面采样分析,对水体水质参数、DO以及高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和BOD的水平分布和垂直分布进行了研究.研究结果表明,成库后BOD达到国家地表水Ⅰ类标准,CODMn不同季节变化较大,水质范围在Ⅱ～Ⅳ类标准.BOD、CODMn变化范围分别在0.1～1.3mg/L,1.8～6.3mg/L,受三峡水库成库的影响,水平分布上,DO、CODMn、BOD在成库区域低于上游区;CODMn含量丰水期＞平水期＞枯水期;BOD浓度降低主要与污染物停留时间变长有关,CODMn主要是与泥沙沉积有关.垂直分布上,污染物3个层次变化不显著,未出现分层现象.枯水期、平水期、丰水期颗粒态含量占总CODMn范围分别为5.5～27.3%,9.1～28.8%,48.6～78.3%.三峡水库对CODMn、BOD有净化作用,枯水期成库区域通量CODMn、BOD比上游区降低44%、76%,平水期降低13.5%,32%,丰水期降低31.8%、19.1%.各采样站点有机物通量和流量有显著的相关性.