本文回顾了唐兰一生走过的学术道路.唐兰自少年时代起就热衷中国古代典籍和出土文字资料,立大志研究中国文字学;青年时代因以课堂讲义为底本,写出名著《古文字学导论》,奠定了中国文字学理论体系的基础而成名于世;八年抗战,他坚拒伪职,奔赴西南联大教书育人;新中国建立后,他以其对汉字的精深理解,奋起抵制文字改革中的错误倾向.20世纪50年代奉调故宫博物院后,除主持故宫学术建设外,应邀指导各地考古发现,创造性地解读出土资料中古文字记录的文化信息,为故宫博物院和全国考古和文博事业的发展做出重要贡献.

Because the strength of Cao State is weaker than other ones,the bronzes belong to this state have never been discovered previously.But two pieces of inscriptions recording the ancestral descent of the royal of Cao State of Western Zhou Dynasty perfectly are discovered,which amend the mistakes in the Historical Records.

Research on royal appellatives in inscriptions on bronze began with the publication of Wang Guowei's Gu Zhuhou Chengwang Shuo(A Discussion of Royal Appellatives of the Ancient Feudatory States)and his theories were revised in a study by his successor Zhang Zhenglang titled Ze Wang Gui Gai Ba:Ping Wang Guowei Gu Zhuhou Chengwang Shuo(Colophon on the Inscribed Lid of the Bronze Gui of King Ze:An Assessment of Wang Guowei's Discussion of Royal Appellatives of the Ancient Feudatory States).On the basis of these two pioneering studies,the author examines royal appellations in inscriptions on bronzes of every period from the Yin dynasty down to the end of the Warring States,and classifies them into four categories. Of these four forms,there is one that entails the naming of the ruler using an alternate title taken from a toponym and this is identified by the author for the first time.Thus,in Western Zhou bronze inscriptions the five titles of Zhou Wang,Chengzhou Wang,Feng Wang,Bi Wang and Bin Wang are used,respectively,as alternative titles(biecheng)for five rulers more usually known as Wen Wang,Cheng Wang,a now unknown early Western Zhou king,Yi Wang and Xiao Wang.This use of the toponyms of capital cities and important sites in the alternative titles of rulers was probably a common Western Zhou practice.

编者按:山西曲沃北赵晋侯墓地的第六次发掘,清理出新的一组晋侯及其夫人墓(M114、M113),发掘简报已在本刊2001年第8期刊布(北京大学考古文博院、山西省考古研究所《天马--曲村遗址北赵晋侯墓地第六次发掘》).这次发掘,清理出了许多器物,其中M114出土的叔矢方鼎,有48字铭文,具有重要的研究价值.关于对这件方鼎及相关问题的研究,已有论文在本刊发表.现刊发九位专家的笔谈,以推动这方面的研究.