PurposeTo compare the difference, correlation, and agreement of anterior chamber parameters measured by Pentacam and CASIA 2. MethodsA total of 89 myopic patients (89 right eyes) of Beijing Tongren Hospital were included. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured by Pentacam and CASIA 2, respectively. Paired t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate the differences, correlation, and agreement between measurements. ResultsThere were no significant differences in ACD or ACV between the two devices (p > 0.05), whereas ACA values were significantly larger with CASIA 2 in all quadrants (p < 0.001). ACD and ACV demonstrated strong correlations (r >= 0.96, p < 0.001), while ACA showed weak to negligible correlations across all quadrants (r <= 0.32). Bland-Altman analysis revealed small mean differences and narrow 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for ACD and ACV but large differences and wide LoA for ACA. ConclusionsPentacam and CASIA 2 demonstrated strong correlation and excellent agreement for ACD and ACV measurements. However, due to the slight systematic bias observed in ACD and ACV, clinicians should exercise caution when interchanging these measurements. In contrast, significant differences and poor agreement were found for ACA across all four quadrants, indicating that these two devices are not interchangeable for angle assessment.

AIM: To investigate the ultrasonographic features of ciliary body mesectodermal leiomyomas (CBL).? METHODS: Ultrasonographic data of 18 eyes from 18 patients with histopathologically confirmed CBL were analyzed, covering the period from March 2018 to February 2024. The study included 5 male and 13 female patients, aged 14-64y, with a mean age of 40.11±13.54y. The following ultrasonographic features were evaluated: tumor base diameter, thickness, maximum base diameter-to-thickness ratio, shape, internal echogenicity, margin echogenicity, internal echo homogeneity, secondary changes, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) findings, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics.? RESULTS: Conventional ultrasound findings of the 18 CBL cases were as follows: 1) Tumor size: base diameter of (13.48±4.74)×(11.57±4.00) mm2, thickness of 7.70±2.60 mm, and maximum base diameter-to-thickness ratio of 1.77±0.36. 2) Shape: 14 cases (77.8%) were hemispherical, and 4 cases (22.2%) were irregular. 3) Internal echogenicity: the solid component of the tumor was hypoechoic in 16 cases (88.9%) and low-to-medium echogenic in 2 cases (11.1%). 4) Margin echogenicity: relatively hyperechoic with a “ring-shaped” margin in 15 cases (83.3%) and isoechoic in 3 cases (16.7%; compared with internal echogenicity). 5) Internal echo homogeneity: homogeneous in 11 cases (61.1%) and heterogeneous in 7 cases (38.9%), with 6 cases (33.3%) among the 7 heterogeneous cases exhibiting cystic anechoic areas. 6) Secondary retinal detachment was observed in 4 cases (22.2%). CDFI revealed heterogeneous vascularity within the tumors, with blood flow signals ranging from minimal to marked. CEUS was performed in 14 patients: complete contrast agent perfusion was observed in 10 cases (71.4%), and partial perfusion was noted in 4 cases (28.6%). Additionally, 8 cases (57.1%) showed a rapid wash-in and slow wash-out pattern, while 6 cases (42.9%) demonstrated a rapid wash-in and rapid wash-out pattern. CONCLUSION: CBL exhibit relatively typical ultrasonographic features, which can provide valuable evidence for the clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors.?

PURPOSE:To analyze macular microvascular networks and investigate correlations between visual acuity and quantitative parameters in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS:An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted, including 25 eyes from 25 genetically confirmed chronic LHON patients and 25 eyes from 25 age-matched healthy controls. Images were obtained using a spectral domain OCTA system. Student's t-test for independent variables was employed to compare continuous variables between the LHON and control groups. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to analyze the correlation between best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCTA parameters, which included vessel area density (VAD), vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel diameter index (VDI), vessel complexity index (VCI), flux, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, and the thickness of the general ganglion cell complex (GCC) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in LHON patients. RESULTS:LHON eyes exhibited significant reductions in VAD, VSD, and flux across all sectors in the foveal region. VAD, VSD, VCI, and flux decreased in all sectors, while VDI increased in all sectors except the temporal sector in the parafovea, based on the traditional four sectors. In the six sectors matched with the GCC, VAD, VSD, and flux decreased in all sectors; VDI increased in the superonasal, inferior, and inferotemporal sector, while VCI decreased except in the inferotemporal sector. The circularity of FAZ decreased. BCVA was correlated with VAD in the inferotemporal, inferior, and inferonasal sector, VSD in all sectors, and GCC thickness only in the inferonasal sector. CONCLUSION:LHON is characterized by diffuse impairment of the retinal microvasculature, predominantly affecting the macular region and corresponding to the papillomacular bundle. Furthermore, BCVA demonstrated significant correlations with retinal blood flow and structural parameters.

AIM: To investigate the clinical features of the ocular surface in patients with different degrees of myopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 122 participants with myopia in Beijing Tongren Hospital from February to June, 2023. After completing the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score scale, measurements were taken for refraction, biometric parameters and ocular surface parameters. The prevalence, severity and related parameters of the dry eye among different groups based on axial length (AL) were compared. Correlation analysis was performed between ocular surface parameters and refraction/biometric measurement parameters. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed in refractive error, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, and subfoveal choroidal thickness among the groups (all P<0.05). With the increase in AL, the incidence and severity of dry eye increased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, the tear film break-up time (BUT) shortened (P<0.05), and the corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) points increased significantly (P<0.05). OSDI scores were positively correlated with AL and spherical equivalent (SE; both P<0.05); BUT was negatively correlated with AL, SE, and corneal astigmatism (AST; all P<0.05); Schirmer I test (SIT) results were negatively correlated with AL and SE (both P<0.05). CONCLUSION: AL elongation is a risk factor for dry eye onset in myopic participants. The longer the AL, the more severe the dry eye is, with the increased CFS spots and tear film instability. Additionally, SE and AST exhibit negative correlations with dry eye symptom scores and ocular surface parameters.

To compare the diagnostic value of ultrasonic elastosonography (UE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for benign and malignant intraocular tumors. This retrospective study enrolled patients with intraocular tumors at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (August 2016 to January 2020). The strain rate ratio (strain rate of tumor tissue divided by strain rate of surrounding normal tissue) was measured by UE. CEUS was performed using SonoVue® contrast agent. The performance of each method at differentiating benign from malignant intraocular tumors was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The analysis included 147 eyes in 145 patients (45.6 ± 13.4 years-old; 66 males): 117 patients (119 eyes) with malignant tumors and 28 patients (28 eyes) with benign tumors. At an optimal cutoff of 22.67 for the strain rate ratio, UE distinguished benign from malignant tumors with a sensitivity of 86.6

血脉是气血运行的通道,属于奇恒之府,联络脏腑器官.心肝脾多脏腑经络功能失调,可导致血脉病变,而发生心脑血管疾病、周围血管疾病.血脉病变常表现为缺血和出血,其病变包括本虚和标实两个方面,治疗应明辨病因病机.心脑血管疾病常以动脉粥样硬化为基础,其治疗思路,既应强调活血化瘀,又当针对形成血脉瘀滞的病因采取针对性的个体化治疗措施.而周围血管病的治疗,则需要判断疾病的病势及标本缓急,强调活血化瘀法的应用,同时重视局部辨证与整体辨证相结合,必要时手术干预.此外,采用刺络放血技术可治疗多种杂病,尤其在治疗血瘀性疾病疗效确切.活血通脉治法,前景广阔.

Purpose: To analyze crystalline lens decentration and tilt in eyes with different axial lengths (ALs) using a swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-AS-OCT). Methods: Patients with normal right eyes who visited our hospital between December 2020 and January 2021 were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on crystalline lens decentration and tilt, AL, aqueous depth (AD), central corneal thickness (CCT), lens thickness (LT), lens vault (LV), anterior chamber width (ACW), and angle κ were collected. Results: A total of 252 patients were included and divided into normal (n = 82), medium–long (n = 89), and long (n = 81) AL groups. The average age of these patients was 43.63 ± 17.02 years. The crystalline lens decentration (0.16 ± 0.08, 0.16 ± 0.09, and 0.20 ± 0.09 mm, P = 0.009) and tilt (4.58° ± 1.42°, 4.06° ± 1.32°, and 2.84° ± 1.19°, P < 0.001) were significantly different among the normal, medium, and long AL groups. Crystalline lens decentration was correlated with AL (r = 0.466, P = 0.004), AD (r = 0.358, P = 0.006), ACW (r = −0.004, P = 0.020), LT (r = −0.141, P = 0.013), and LV (r = −0.371, P = 0.003). Crystalline lens tilt was correlated with age (r = 0.312, P < 0.001), AL (r = −0.592, P < 0.001), AD (r = −0.436, P < 0.001), ACW (r = −0.018, P = 0.004), LT (r = 0.216, P = 0.001), and LV (r = 0.311, P = 0.003). Conclusion: Crystalline lens decentration was positively correlated with AL, and tilt was negatively correlated with AL.

Objective To develop a few-shot learning (FSL) approach for classifying optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in patients with inherited retinal disorders (IRDs).Methods In this study, an FSL model based on a student-teacher learning framework was designed to classify images. 2,317 images from 189 participants were included. Of these, 1,126 images revealed IRDs, 533 were normal samples, and 658 were control samples.Results The FSL model achieved a total accuracy of 0.974-0.983, total sensitivity of 0.934-0.957, total specificity of 0.984-0.990, and total F1 score of 0.935-0.957, which were superior to the total accuracy of the baseline model of 0.943-0.954, total sensitivity of 0.866-0.886, total specificity of 0.962-0.971, and total F1 score of 0.859-0.885. The performance of most subclassifications also exhibited advantages. Moreover, the FSL model had a higher area under curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in most subclassifications.Conclusion This study demonstrates the effective use of the FSL model for the classification of OCT images from patients with IRDs, normal, and control participants with a smaller volume of data. The general principle and similar network architectures can also be applied to other retinal diseases with a low prevalence.

Purpose To investigate the relationship between lens morphology and aberrations in patients with myopia. Methods This cross-sectional study included 155 patients with myopia in their right eyes. Spherical power and cylindrical power were achieved by cycloplegic autorefraction. The eyes were divided into three groups for analysis based on their spherical equivalent (SE) values. The 4 mm and 6 mm ocular and internal aberrations were measured using the OPD-scan III. Lens parameters were measured using CASIA2, including lens thickness (LT), radius of anterior/posterior lens surface curvature (RAL/RPL), lens decentration (DEC), and lens tilt (TILT). The differences of lenticular parameters and aberration parameters among the three groups analyzed with ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis test. Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between the lens parameters and aberrations. A p value < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results The difference in LT, RAL, DEC and TITL among the three groups was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). And there were differences among differences in internal high-order aberrations, spherical aberration, and coma aberration( p < 0.05).Spherical power was positively correlated with LT and TITL ( p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with DEC, RAL, and RPL ( p < 0.05). Cylindrical power was positively correlated with LT ( p < 0.05) and negatively correlated DEC ( p < 0.05); The lenticular parameters (LT, RAL, DEC, and TILT) were mainly correlated with the ocular and internal spherical aberration. LT and DEC were correlated with ocular and internal higher-order aberrations and coma aberration. Conclusion DEC and LT were the main factors affecting aberrations in patients with myopia.

BackgroundMore recently, the swept-source OCT biometer-IOLMaster 700 has provided direct total corneal power measurement, named total keratometry. This study aims to evaluate whether standard keratometry (SK) and total keratometry (TK) with IOLMaster 700 can accurately reflect the corneal power changes induced by myopic corneal refractive surgery.MethodsIn this study, the biometric data measured with the swept-source OCT biometer—IOLMaster 700 before and 3 months after the myopic corneal refractive surgery were recorded. The changes of biological parameters, including SK, posterior keratometry (PK), and TK, and the difference between SK and TK were compared. In addition, the changes of SK and TK induced by the surgery were compared with the changes of spherical equivalent at the corneal plane (ΔSEco).ResultsA total of 74 eyes (74 patients) were included. The changes of SK, PK, TK, axial length, anterior chamber depth, and lens thickness after refractive surgery were all statistically significant (all p < 0.01), while the change of white-to-white was not (p = 0.075). The difference between SK and TK was −0.03 ± 0.10D before the corneal refractive surgery and increased to −0.78 ± 0.26D after surgery. The changes of SK and the changes of TK induced by the surgery had a good correlation with the changes of SEco (r = 0.97). ΔSK was significantly smaller than ΔSEco, with a difference of −0.65 ± 0.54D (p < 0.01). However, the difference between ΔTK and ΔSEco (0.10 ± 0.50D) was not statistically significant (p = 0.08).ConclusionsUsing SK to reflect the changes induced by the myopic corneal refractive surgery may lead to underestimation, while TK could generate a more accurate result. The new parameter, TK, provided by the IOLMaster 700, appeared to provide an accurate, objective measure of corneal power that closely tracked the refractive change in corneal refractive surgery.

PurposeTo report the color Doppler imaging (CDI) features of 17 patients with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) neoplasms.DesignRetrospective, observational case series.ParticipantsSeventeen patients with RPE adenoma/adenocarcinoma.MethodsContrast-enhanced color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) was performed in 16 patients with RPE adenoma and in one patient with adenocarcinoma.ResultAll 17 RPE neoplasms showed well-defined margins. An oval mass was observed in 11 tumors, a lenticular-shaped mass in four tumors, and a flat mass in two tumors. On CDI, RPE lesions showed homogeneous reflectivity of moderate intensity with no choroidal excavation. After the contrast-enhanced administration of sulfur hexafluoride, mild enhancement was identified in six tumors and moderate enhancement in 11 tumors. In all 17 RPE neoplasms, contrast-enhanced CDU time–intensity curves (TICs) exhibited fast fill-in and slow washout-shaped curves with the dominant vessel within RPE lesions. A “black-linear” sign (defined as a low signal intensity-linear zone located between the tumor and enhanced choroid on CDI) was noted in all 17 patients with RPE neoplasms.ConclusionsThis preliminary study noted a “black-linear” sign on CDI of RPE lesions for the first time. The novel sign may be a diagnostic characteristic of RPE neoplasms and may help to distinguish this rare entity from uveal melanomas (UMs).

In the present study, the axial length (AL), corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD) and white-to-white (WTW) distance were assessed using the Pentacam AXL (Oculus Optikgeraete GmbH), a novel Scheimpflug-based optical biometer with standard partial coherence interferometry (PCI). The Pentacam AXL and PCI biometer (IOLMaster 500; Carl Zeiss AG) were compared in terms of their intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations. The medical records of patients (eyes, n=190) who underwent cataract surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Biometry measurements involved the eyes of patients with cataract and were performed by the same examiner with the Pentacam AXL biometer and the IOLMaster 500 device. Following determination of the AL, mean keratometry (Km), ACD and WTW distance, the IOL power calculation was compared between the two devices using the Sanders, Retzlaff and Kraff theoretical (SRK/T) and Haigis formulas. The AL, Km and WTW values for the Pentacam AXL group were significantly lower compared with those of the IOLMaster 500 group. The difference was -0.02±0.04 mm, -0.20±0.28 D and -0.10±0.20 mm, respectively (P<0.001). The ACD for the Pentacam AXL group was higher compared with that of the IOLMaster 500 group with a difference of 0.02±0.13 mm (P=0.13). The IOL power calculated using the SRK/T and Haigis formulas exhibited significant differences between the two devices (t=11.48 and 10.97, respectively; P<0.001). In conclusion, the AL, ACD, WTW measurement and IOL power indicated optimal agreement and strong correlations between the two devices. However, constant optimization may be necessary for the novel biometer Pentacam AXL.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to quantitatively analyze the perfusion characteristics of choroidal metastasis using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and compare its perfusion characteristics with these of choroidal hemangioma and choroidal melanoma. Methods: The patients who were clinically diagnosed with choroidal metastasis were classified as the study group, and the patients who were diagnosed with choroidal hemangioma and choroidal melanoma during the same period were classified as the comparison group. All patients underwent CEUS examination, and Sonoliver was used to obtain the data on quantitative parameters of the tumor and the adjacent normal orbital tissues, including maximum of intensity (IMAX), rise time (RT), time to peak (TTP), and mean transit time (mTT). Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to compare the quantitative parameters of choroidal metastasis and normal orbital tissues. Kruskal-Wallis test was adopted to compare the quantitative parameters of the 3 types of tumors, and Bonferroni was used to correct the results of the multiple comparisons. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify valuable parameters. Results: Twenty-six patients (26 eyes) with choroidal metastasis, 55 patients (55 eyes) with choroidal hemangioma, and 49 patients (49 eyes) with choroidal melanoma were enrolled in this study. The IMAX of choroidal metastasis was significantly higher than that of normal orbital tissues, while RT, TTP, and mTT were significantly shorter than these of normal orbital tissues (all p values were <0.001). The IMAX of choroidal metastasis was lower than that of choroidal hemangioma, and RT, TTP, and mTT were shorter than these of choroidal hemangioma and choroidal melanoma (p = 0.002, p = 0.004, p = 0.007). ROC curve analysis showed that areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of RT and mTT (AUC = 0.851, 95% CI 0.783-0.918 and 0.849, 95% CI 0.783-0.915) were larger. Conclusion: Quantitative analysis with CEUS can reflect the perfusion characteristics of choroidal metastasis and can exhibit the difference between its perfusion characteristics and these of choroidal hemangioma and choroidal melanoma. RT and mTT may serve as useful parameters for differentiating choroidal metastasis from choroidal hemangioma and choroidal melanoma.

褥疮又叫压疮,还被称为压力性溃疡,是由于局部组织长期受压,发生持续缺血、缺氧、营养不良而导致的组织溃烂坏死.据报道,每年约有6万人死于压疮合并症.截瘫、骨折、脑血管病、昏迷、营养不良等长期卧床患者,最易发生压疮.压疮会导致患者死亡率增加、住院天数延长、生存质量降低等.

The study on human eyes suggests that the changes of eyeball contours are closely related to some eye diseases. For clinical trials and pathological studies, B-mode ultrasound, a noninvasive and low-cost way, contains lots of pathology information. B-mode ultrasound images have been widely used in ophthalmic diagnosis. However, few works have been done on ocular ultrasound image processing while most recent studies focus on images with high resolution, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this work, we propose an unsupervised contour-aware registration network (CARNet) for B-mode ultrasound images to register eyeball contours. In our CARNet, a weight map is employed to emphasize the contour regions during registration. To improve registration results, we employ the gradient information to help align the contour regions, which are used to calculate the image similarity in loss function in addition to the original image. Evaluation was performed on a large variety of B-mode ultrasound image sequences, and the results demonstrate that our method works well on registration of ocular ultrasound images.

Recent studies have revealed the correlation between the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measured at 3.0 mm behind the eyeball and the occurrence of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) caused by head trauma. To conduct this measurement, in clinical diagnosis, emergency departments take B-mode ultrasound images as reference, which contains lots of pathology information not limited to ophthalmology, and is non-ionizing radiation and in low-cost. This repetitive and onerous measurement is usually conducted by experienced physicians, however, can be facilitated by sophisticated computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems. The measurement involves extraction of eyeball regions and optic nerve sheath from the B-mode ocular ultrasound images. In this paper, we propose a novel method which extracts eyeball regions using convolutional neural networks first, and measures the diameter based on the segmentation results. We construct a dataset of B-mode ocular ultrasound images with manual annotations of the eyeball and optic nerve regions in each image. Our segmentation network achieves the intersection over union (IoU) accuracy of 97.20%. Then, the measurement of ONSD can be easily conducted on the segmentation results. This study may be embedded in CAD systems to assist clinical diagnosis in the future.

PURPOSE:To find the potential relation between changes in retinal large vessels and terminal vessels using colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to compare the respective advantages of CDFI and OCTA in evaluating vascular changes in retinitis pigmentosa (RP) patients.METHODS:A prospective series of case study was conducted to enrol RP patients and age-matched controls, who were, respectively, imaged by CDFI and OCTA. Repeatability and reproducibility of both CDFI and OCTA were performed among healthy volunteers. The central retinal artery (CRA) was detected by CDFI analysis to provide parameters of peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV). Retinal parameters were evaluated from OCTA images, including vascular area density (VAD) of the superficial vascular layer, the fovea avascular zone (FAZ) area and retinal thickness. RP patients were separated into a high-vision group and a low-vision group, according to median vision (0.3, LogMAR 0.5). Multiple comparisons were used to analyse the data between groups. A correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between CDFI and OCTA parameters.RESULTS:Twenty RP patients (40 eyes) and thirteen normal volunteers (26 eyes) were enrolled in this study. Repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements by CDFI had higher CVs, from 4.5% to 15.4%, than those measurements by OCTA (<5%). All the CDFI and OCTA parameters examined had significant reductions in RP patients compared to those in the controls (p < 0.01). Compared to the high-vision group, the low-vision group exhibited a statistically significant decrease in vascular parameters of the FAZ area, fovea VAD and parafovea nasal side VAD (p < 0.05); as well as in the parameters of the fovea thickness, and the parafovea nasal, superior and inferior side thickness (p < 0.05). From the correlation analysis, a significant association was found between the vision and CDFI parameters (PSV and time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMX), p < 0.05), and the vision and OCTA parameters (FAZ area, fovea and nasal side VAD, retinal thickness in all sides, p < 0.05). PSV and TAMX of the CRA were closely related to the OCTA superficial VAD in all sides, whereas the CDFI parameters showed poor correlation with retinal thickness.CONCLUSIONS:Colour Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and OCTA parameters revealed a significant reduction in RP patients when compared to the controls. OCTA can detect vision-related microvascular and thickness changes around the macula between high- and low-vision groups, which happen earlier than the changes in large vessels. In addition to good repeatability and reproducibility, OCTA may have significant utility in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in RP patients.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the repeatability and reproducibility of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) based on optical microangiography (OMAG) measurements of macular vessels in normal eyes. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 40 eyes of 40 healthy volunteers underwent repeated OCTA (Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 angiography system, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc.) scans on two separate visit days. On each visit day, the eyes were scanned three times. The following parameters were used to quantitatively describe the OCTA images of the superficial vascular network: vessel area density (VAD), vessel skeleton density (VSD), vessel diameter index (VDI), vessel perimeter index (VPI), vessel complexity index (VCI), flux, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated for evaluating intravisit and intervisit repeatability, as well as interobserver reproducibility. Results The measurements showed high repeatability [CVs <= 4.2% (intravisit) and <= 4.6% (intervisit)] and interobserver reproducibility (ICCs >= 0.923) for all parameters. Conclusion This study demonstrated good repeatability and reproducibility of OCTA based on OMAG for the measurement of superficial vessel parameters in normal eyes.

Objective: To compare the significance of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) in the diagnosis of uveal melanoma. Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Sixty-three cases (63 eyes) of uveal melanoma patients (confirmed by histopathology) who underwent CEUS and DCE-MRI examination at Beijing Tongren Hospital during January 2010 and May 2014 were collected, including 30 males and 33 females, with average age of 47 years (ranged from 27 to 69 years). The data and images of CEUS and DCE-MRI were analyzed and the findings were reviewed and compared to pathology results so as to evaluate the diagnosis coincidence rate of using CEUS, DCE-MRI and both (combined CEUS and DCE-MRI). Fisher's exact test method was used to explore the efficiency of diagnosing uveal melanoma with CEUS, DCE-MRI and the two combined. Results: Among the 63 cases of uveal melanoma, the coincidence rates of CEUS, DCE-MRI and combined diagnosis for uveal melanoma were 93.7% (59/63), 90.5% (57/63) and 100% (63/63) respectively. There was no significant difference between CEUS and DCE-MRI (P=0.663). Fifty-five cases showed fast wash in and fast wash out, and 8 cases showed fast wash in and slow wash out in time-intensity curve of CEUS. Fifty-four cases showed rapid increase and rapid decrease, and 7 cases showed rapid increase and slow decrease, and 2 cases showed sustain enhancement in signal intensity-time curve of DCE-MRI. Conclusions: CEUS is an effective method in diagnosis of uveal melanoma. CEUS and DCE-MRI are of similar value in the diagnosis of uveal melanoma, physicians may be able to acquire more diagnostic information when using the two methods in combination.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 194-198).

Dear Editor,Adenocarcinoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium（NPCE）is a rare malignant tumor which is not easy to be found in the early stage [1] .Herein,we report a case of adenocarcinoma of the NPCE in a Chinese boy and discuss its