文章在简要阐述自主学习理论内涵的基础上,重点从更新教育思想和观念,结合急救护理学的学科特色,积极开展以自主学习为基础的护理实践教学,就如何培养护理专业大学生创新学习能力、提高综合创新素质、探讨急救护理学教学方法及策略等方面进行深入剖析,以期对广大护理学者有所裨益.

以问题为基础的学习（ problem-based learning ，PBL）是以问题为先导，学生通过自学、研究、小组讨论的形式解决问题，并在教师的参与下，在解决问题的过程中学习必要的理论知识［1］。自20世纪60年代以来，PBL教学法在国外的一些医学院校陆续得以运用［2］。近年来，国内一些医学院校也进行了PBL教学法的积极探索。临床护理专业课是高等护理教育中的主干课，是培养学生成为合格护士的关键课，传统意义上的临床护理专业课包括《内科护理学》《外科护理学》《妇产科护理学》《儿科护理学》及《急救护理学》等［3］；这些课程知识体系整体性强，且临床实践联系紧密，需要在教学过程中体现其临床特点，使学生能理论联系实践，有效应用护理程序思考问题、分析问题和解决问题。临床护理专业课如果只采用传统教学方法教学效果不尽如人意，而PBL教学法的适当应用可提高教学效果，对提升学生解决问题的能力有帮助［4］。因此，本文就PBL教学法在护理专业本专科临床专业课程教学中的应用进展综述如下。

随着我国改革开放和对外交流的不断加强，护理学生参与国际交流的机会逐渐增多，同时各类外资、合资医院、涉外病房对国际化护理人才的需求也日益增强，使得护理专业学生正面临着新的机遇与挑战，不仅需要具有扎实的专业知识和能力，还要有一定的专业英语能力。掌握和运用护理专业英语已经成为当代护生必须具备的基本专业素质[1]。我国从20世纪80年代恢复高等护理教育以来，护理专业英语课程的教学实践与研究也逐渐增多。笔者以“护理英语”和“护理专业英语”为主题词对中国知网、重庆维普、万方等3个数据库的文献进行检索，就我国自1983年以来护理专业英语课程的教学实践与研究现状做一综述。

Objective To evaluate efficacy and safety of Chinese medicine for polyhydramnios by systematic review method of evidence-based medicine.Methods The electronic databases,which were PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane library as well as CNKI,VIP,Wanfang and TCM online,were searched.The randomized controlled trials and clinical controlled trials for polyhydramnios,which were Chinese medicine VS single use of western medicine(indomethacin) and Chinese medicine combined with western medicine VS single use of western medicine were included.Data were extracted independently by two reviewers.With quality assessment standard of the Cochrane collaboration and its software RevMan 5.1.2,the Meta analysis was performed.The relative risk and mean difference were adopted as effect index of results,which were both expressed as 95% credibility interval.Results In total,5 trials were included with one thousand and seventeen cases of polyhydramnios.The quality of included Chinese literatures was on the low side in general.Among the trials of Chinese medicine VS western medicine,there was statistical significance only in the index of artery stenosis.As for the total rate of clinical improvement and reduction of AFI score,there were significant differences betweens Chinese medicine combined with western medicine VS single use of western medicine(P0.00001).There were no adverse reaction in Chinese medicine.Conclusion Chinese medicine could have some effects on polyhydramnios,yet the firm conclusion needs more rigorous large-sample clinical trials to prove.

Objective To elicit the perceptions of women who have had hysterectomy for benign conditions,Methods Qualitative design,individual interviews were conducted in women patients with hysterectomy for benign conditions.Results Four common themes emerged:the first response to hysterectomy was positive or unexpected.The inner space of these women was full of worrying about the impact on themselves and the sexual life with the partner.The perception of whether she was integral as a woman makes up the main part of the self-concept changing.Family members,friends,colleagues were significant resources of information and supportive system that impacted the psychological conditions together with the health-care providers.Conclusions Women undergoing hysterectomy need greater support and information from health care professionals.Doctors and nurses should provide further health education and information,facilitating the women's integral health.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Chinese Qigong-Baduanjin on depression symptoms and quality of life(QOL)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM).Methods A random sample of 297 patients with T2 DM in a community of Beijing was investigated with self-rating depression scale(SDS)to screen those co-morbid with depression symptoms,in which 69 patients with T2 DM co-morbid depression symptoms were identified and they were divided into Baduanjin group(n = 33)and community nursing group(n = 36)randomly.Patients in Baduanjin group practiced Chinese Qigong-Baduanjin once a day,3～5 days per week,and received community health education on T2 DM.Every practice lasted about 40 minutes,including warm-up,two sets of Baduanjin,and cold-down.Patients in community nursing group received community health education on T2 DM only.The data such as scores of SDS and QOL scale for patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus(DMQLS),as well as glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)were collected before,and at 6th and 12th week during the intervention.Results Baduanjin group showed lower SDS score at 6th and 12th week of intervention than before intervention(P < 0.05).However,there was no significant difference before and after the intervention in community nursing group(P > 0.05).After 12-week intervention,Baduanjin group had lower score of SDS than community nursing group(P < 0.05),and DMQLS total score and satisfactory and psychological dimensions score in Baduanjin group were lower than that in community nursing group(P < 0.05).At 12th week,HbA1c in Baduanjin group was lower than that in community nursing group(P < 0.05).Conclusions Practicing Chinese Qiging-Baduanjin regularly for a long period of time can relieve depression symptoms of the patients with T2 DM co-morbid depression symptoms,improve their QOL,and especially help their glucostasis.

Nine student standard patients(SSPs) were trained with related knowledge how to imitate patients' condition and comprehensive demonstration in 2009 and 2010.Nine SSPs passed examination and joined in teaching medical nursing successfully.Importance was attached to SSPs' personal qualities.The authors suggested that more trained SSPs be needed than SSPs applied in teaching actually,SSPs' medical knowledge be strengthened,and attention be paid to SSPs' feedback so as to promote the effect of SSPs' training.

>对于2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者而言,严格的饮食控制以及持续多年乃至延续终生的药物治疗,对其承受力和耐心都是一种严重的挑战,加上T2DM对患者家庭造成的负担及医药费用的巨大消耗、疾病的长期影响,这些都易使T2DM患者出现心理障碍,其中以抑郁较为常见。多项大规模的人口学前瞻性研究显示,抑郁与

[目的]探讨适用于护理专业的护生标准化病人（SSP）的培训方法,评价SSP应用于中医院校护理专业本科生《内科护理学》实践教学的效果。[方法]研究分SSP培训与SSP实践教学两个步骤。先进行《SSP内科护理学实践手册》与SSP剧本的编写及SSP培训;再对113名护理专业本科生随机分组,实验组56名进行SSP实践教学,对照组57名进行课堂病例分析法实践教学,两组于实验前、后填写《护士职业态度测量量表》。[结果]《SSP内科护理学实践手册》及SSP剧本编写完成,SSP及护理教师评价此培训素材内容精要、实用,可操作性强。9名SSP接受培训,均获认可;实验后两组护士职业态度测量量表得分差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,实验组高于对照组。[结论]本研究所编写的内科护理学SSP培训素材及培训方法合适,运用SSP进行《内科护理学》实践教学对中医院校护理专业本科生的护士职业态度有积极影响,可增加其职业认同感。

<正>双语教学一般是指全部或部分应用非母语(在我国常指英语)的语言进行教学,使学生既达成学科目标,又能够提高语言的运用能力。近年来,高等

Objective To investigate the requirements for diet,daily life and affection nursing of the elderly with different education backgrounds and analyze the difference in nursing selection.Methods The self-designed Questionnaire on Diet,Daily Life and Affection Nursing of the Elderly in Communities was used to investigate 85 old people aged over 60 years in Huayanbei Alley Community in Beijing.The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and non-parameter test.Results According to the strength of requirements,the first 5 items were found to be diet therapy knowledge of common diseases,diet instruction suitable for individuals,notes for diets in daily life,exercise health cultivation instructions and sleeping health cultivation instructions.There were statistical differences between the elderly with different education backgrounds in view of nutritive value of diets,diet instruction suitable for individuals,methods for health cultivation for each season and methods for cultivation by Qigong(P0.05).Conclusion The health education contents in community nursing service should be designed based on the characteristics in old people’s requirements,especially on the actualities of their different education backgrounds,in order to enhance the practice and meet their needs of daily health.

目的 了解我校中西医结合方向护理本科学生对中医临床护理学见习的需求,为中医临床护理学的教学改革提供依据.方法 运用自制问卷,就中医临床护理学见习需求问题对我校2004级护理本科学生进行问卷调查.结果 77.4%的学生认为见习总体安排可行,大多数学生希望中西医结合护理为见习内容符合当前时宜,而带教方法的多样性可促进护生临床能力的培养.结论 通过课间见习和集中见习的合理安排以及见习内容与带教方法的精心设计,从而达到提高中医临床护理教学见习质量的目的。

>当前世界卫生组织认为医疗卫生服务必须贯彻"社区化"的原则,社区护理强调以居民整体健康维护与促进作为方向的长期负责式护理。中医药将为完善"社区卫生服务工程"中社区预防保健、老年健康保健、慢性病和伤残康复提供价廉、便捷、有效的医疗护理手段。而中医饮食起居护理正是在中医理论指导下,达到预防疾病和促进健康的目的。因此,了解社区居民对中医饮食起居护理认知及需求,可为社区护理的开展实施和促进提供依据,现报道如下。

[目的]了解社区居民和社区护士对中医护理的认知及需求,探讨适合的社区中医护理教学内容及实践模式。[方法]自行设计问卷,对社区居民和社区护士进行问卷调查并进行数据分析和研究。[结果]社区居民对社区中医护理服务的知晓率为53.2%,62.0%的居民愿意接受在校医学生的社区护理服务;67.74%的社区护士愿意接受中医院校护生前来实习。[结论]针对社区需求在社区教学中开展切实可行的社区中医护理实践,同时加强中医护理知识的宣传,发展中医护理,使之更好地服务于社区。

目的 了解社区居民对中医护理的认知和需求情况.方法 选取北京市某社区300名居民进行面对面问卷调查.结果 社区居民对中医护理认知率较低,为46.8%;饮食、生活起居、情志、中药用药护理,社区紧急救护及中医护理操作技术是居民主要需求的项目;不同年龄对部分中医护理需求存在差异,并有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 应加强中医护理知识的宣传,发挥中医护理特色与优势,针对不同人群的需求特点,开展多种服务方式.

中医护理临床课程在中医护理学科的教学中,无论是学时还是教学内容都拥有相当的比例和比较重要的地位,如何使中医护理课程能够更好地符合新世纪护理人才培养的需求,更好地体现中医护理特色,有必要对其课程改革进行探讨.