目的 应用网络药理学和分子对接方法发现雷公藤治疗肝炎的潜在机制.方法 通过TCMSP数据库搜集雷公藤的活性成分及其作用靶点,并使用Cytoscape软件构建可视化药物-活性成分-靶点网络.通过GeneCards数据库和PubMed数据库等搜集肝炎相关的靶点并与雷公藤作用靶点整合.构建共有靶点互作PPI网络,构建可视化"药物-活性成分-靶点-通路-疾病"网络模型,预测雷公藤治疗肝炎的潜在靶标并进行GO和KEGG富集分析,进而应用Autodock分子对接进行初步验证.结果 雷公藤活性化合物靶点与肝炎相关靶点存在135个共有靶点分子.GO富集分析结果提示,雷公藤可抑制相关促炎细胞因子及炎性介质的作用.KEGG通路富集分析表明,雷公藤的药理作用与PI3 K-Akt信号通路、TNF信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路等有关.雷公藤中关键活性化合物(如山柰酚雷公藤甲素、β-谷固醇、诺比列汀、豆甾醇等)的潜在靶标可能是AKT1、TNF、TP53、VEGFA等.结论 雷公藤对肝炎有潜在治疗作用,可能的机制与AKT1、CX-CL8和PTGS2等靶点及PI3 K-Akt、TNF、Toll等信号传导通路有关.

目的 构建科学合理的组织学与胚胎学形成性评价体系,并探索其对中医学生自主学习能力和学习效果的影响.方法 选取该校中医学专业2015级、2017级和2018级五年制学生作为研究对象,其中2015级76名,2017级66名,2018级68名.对体现学生理解与应用能力的论述题成绩进行分析,采用调查问卷评价形成性评价对学生自主学习能力的影响.结果 2017级、2018级80～100分数段比例明显提高,而<60分比例明显降低.2017级、2018级学生论述题得分均高于2015级学生,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).在学习意识方面,95.38％(124/130)的学生认为形成性评价有助于激发学习兴趣,自觉获取学习资源和专业前沿信息,其中2017级中31.82％(21/66)的学生在科研项目方面参与度不足.在学习规划方面,85.38％(111/130)的学生认为形成性评价有助于制定学习目标和学习计划,合理安排学习时间.在学习实施方面,80.00％(104/130)的学生认为形成性评价有助于自我调节学习态度,将理论与临床相结合.在学习反馈方面,91.54％(119/130)的学生认为形成性评价有助于每学期结束后的思考与反思,并及时调整学习计划.结论 在组织学与胚胎学教学中,应用形成性评价体系可明显提高学生自主学习能力.

大学阶段是大学生知识体系搭建和价值观塑造成型的关键时期,在全员育人、全程育人、全方位育人德育教育新模式下,课程思政作为育人新理念,是推进"三全育人"的重要环节和体现.结合北京中医药大学组织学与胚胎学教学实际,论述了实施课程思政的优势和必要性,对目前思政教学存在的问题进行了分析,并对实施课程思政的有效措施进行了探讨.

目的:应用网络药理学方法,从双黄连方剂中预测具有抗肿瘤活性的组分中药,并通过离体细胞实验与动物实验对其抗CT26结肠癌活性进行初步验证.方法:基于中药系统药理学数据库(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database,TCMSP),《中药活性成分分析手册》,药品生物信息学和化学信息学数据库(DrugBank),信号通路数据库(Reactome)及人类蛋白质参考数据库(Human protein reference database,HPRD),构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用网络(proteinprotein interactions network,PPI)和化合物靶标网络,挖掘化合物的药理作用,发现与PPI网络节点距离较短的化合物,确定组成中药的配伍.以CT26结肠癌细胞为实验材料,结合离体和在体实验初步验证组分中药的抗肿瘤作用.结果:从双黄连组分中预测并发现“黄芩苷、连翘酯苷A和绿原酸”3个化合物配伍具有潜在抗肿瘤活性.验证结果表明,细胞实验中,与空白组比较,双黄连组分中药能显著抑制CT26细胞的增殖和迁移(P＜0.01);动物实验中,与荷瘤模型组比较,双黄连组分中药治疗组小鼠皮下肿瘤体积增长缓慢、肿瘤重量显著降低(P＜0.01).结论:结合数据库挖掘和化合物靶点网络构建、分析等方法从双黄连方剂中发现具有抗肿瘤活性的组分中药“黄芩苷、连翘酯苷A和绿原酸”.经验证,该组分中药具有较好的抗CT26结肠癌活性.

Objective To explore the hotspots of the integrated early childhood development (IECD) in China. Methods The articles published in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database on IECD before April 2017 were searched. Microsoft Excel and the computer program were used to construct keywords frequency lists and correlation matrix. SPSS 18. 0 software was used for hierarchical clustering. Results A total of 546 articles were included, 59 high frequency keywords were extracted, and 8 hotspots in this field were summarized by cluster analysis. Conclusion To some extent, 8 hotspots in this field reflect the trends of this field and could provide some reference for clinical practice.

Objective To analyze and discuss the research hotspots of childhood asthma in last 5 years refereed journal papers in China.Methods The research was underwent in China national knowledge infrastructure(CNKI) database from September 2009 to September 2014,and the search key words were " asthma and children"," childhood asthma" or "asthmatic children".SPSS 18.0 and Excel were used as data processing tool,and self-compiling program and co-word clustering analysis were used.Results A total of 5 220 papers was found,and there were 5 191 papers remained after the removal of no key word and abnormal data.The amount of childhood asthma relative papers in last 5 years had a tendency to increase.There were 3 370 authors from more than 30 provinces and cities across China published 5 191 papers in 517 kinds of journals.Seven main research objects of childhood asthma in last 5 years in China were the diagnosis and treatment of childhood asthma,epidemiology,etiology,treatment and nursing in acute attack,pathogenesis,management of asthma,diagnosis and treatment of stable asthma and cough variant asthma,and traditional Chinese medicine therapy.Conclusion Co-word clustering analysis shows the clinical priorities and research hot-spots of childhood asthma in last 5 years in China,and it could provide information support for related researchers and clinical workers and theoretical basis for the scientific research and clinical practice.

现代医学教育中，中医院校对基础医学实验课教学大都存在着对实验形式和内容的要求越来越高，但实验设备、器材、环境和经费相对落后的矛盾。如果能构建虚拟实验室，恰当地运用现代教育技术的仿真、模拟功能，则可以变抽象为具体，使静态内容动态化，逼真地模拟实验时实验过程中宏观变化中的微观过程，变微观为直观，让学生观察、体验、感受事物发展过程中的微观现象，能够把实验教学中难以描述、难以突破的难点、重点、生动形象地表现出来，激发学生学习的兴趣，调动学生的学习积极性，强化学生对实验学知识的记忆和理解。

目的:观察雷公藤甲素引起急性肝损伤时肝细胞自噬的情况.方法:采用LC3-GFP质粒尾静脉高压注射的方法在体监测雷公藤甲素诱导肝细胞自噬的发生;用腺病毒双荧光载体mRFP-GFP-LC3感染体外培养的HepG2细胞,通过激光共聚焦显微镜和蛋白印记的方法检测细胞自噬流的强度.结果:小鼠腹腔注射雷公藤甲素(0.25 mg/kg和0.5 mg/kg)24小时,血清中ALT和AST水平均显著升高;肝组织病理结果显示肝细胞肿胀、空泡化及坏死;激光共聚焦显微镜下可检测到LC3-GFP质粒表达所呈现的绿色荧光;离体细胞实验结果证实雷公藤甲素可诱导肝细胞发生自噬流,且表现为一定程度的剂量、时间依赖性.结论:雷公藤甲素可引发急性肝损伤并伴随明显的细胞自噬.

目的 探讨雷公藤甲素诱导结肠癌CT26细胞自噬与细胞死亡之间的关系.方法 体外培养小鼠结肠癌CT26细胞,应用免疫荧光、荧光双标自噬腺病毒载体(Ad-mRFP-GFP-LC3)技术,在激光扫描共焦显微镜下观察LC3的表达轮廓及水平,并结合免疫印迹法对LC3蛋白、P62蛋白做半定量分析;进而用单溶液细胞增殖检测(MTS)试剂测定CT26细胞增殖抑制率;用AnnexinV-FITC/PI双染、流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡/死亡率.结果 雷公藤甲素能诱导CT26细胞出现明确的自噬流;激活细胞自噬可提高CT26细胞的晚期凋亡率.与雷公藤甲素组比较,雷帕霉素与其联用能显著增强CT26细胞死亡.结论 自噬可能介导了雷公藤甲素诱导CT26细胞死亡的过程.

Objective To investigate neurological function, volume of cerebral infarction, changes of lipid peroxidation, and the intervention effect of compound angelica injection (CAI) on rats with focal cerebral ischemia injury. Methods Models of rat with cerebral ischemia were reproduced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). All animals were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, CAI group, and edaravone group. 1 hour after the models were established, rats in the sham-operation group and model group received intraperitoneal injection with normal saline, while rats in CAI group and edaravone group received intraperitoneal injection with relevant medicine for continuing 7 days. Volume of cerebral infarction was detected by Tetrazole staining method, neurologic function were detected by neuroethology, and concentration of MDA in brain tissue was also detected. Results After 7-day cerebral ischemia, compared with the model group, volume of cerebral infarction in CAI group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the concentration of MDA was a little lower. Conclusion CAI has significant protective effects which can significantly improve neurological function, reduce volume of cerebral infarction, and alleviate the effects of lipid peroxidation of rats with focal cerebral ischemia injury.

This study was aimed to summarize the adverse drug reaction (ADR) caused by the toxicity of Tripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations, in order to explore possible relationship betweenTripterygium Wilfordiifactors and reported ADR. Relevant articles on toxicity ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations were systematically searched in 5 databases, including the Pubmed, CNKI,Wanfang Data, VIP Data and Sinomed from the database was established until Feb 25th, 2014. And then, the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were systematically collected, analyzed and summarized. The results showed that there were 260 RCTs with 13301 patients included. The outcome of data analysis showed that ADR rates of digestive system and reproductive system of RCT1 and RCT2 were different. ADR rates (per hundred people) in RCT1 and RCT2 were as follows: digestive system were 14.73 and 12.26, reproductive system were 8.25 and 8.00, liver was 6.50 and 5.66, kidneys were 6.79 and 3.03, blood system were 6.73 and 6.50, cardiovascular system were 2.35 and 0.67, skin and mucous system were 11.42 and 4.78, respectively. Articles on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of both RCT1 and RCT2 were the highest, which occupied 22.17% in RCT1 and 63.16% in RCT2. The corresponding ADR rates were 34.18 and 27.26. The standard deviation (SD) of 7 disease types, which were RA, IgA nephropathy, nephritis, nephrotic syndrome (NS), diabetic nephropathy, psoriasis, lichen and rashes, as well as uterine fibroids, was 8.69 in RCT1. The SD of RA, IgA nephropathy, psoriasis, lichen and rashes was 7.11 in RCT2. It was concluded that the possible ADR distribution ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations were the highest in the digestive system, reproductive system and liver. Besides, different diseases (i.e., RA, nephritis, NS, and etc.) had huge differences with their correspondent ADR rates. Therefore, it was suggested that specific measures should be taken to select the appropriateTripterygium Wilfordiipreparation, protect the stomach and liver during the application ofTripterygium Wilfordiiand its preparations. During medication, attentions should be paid to the reaction of patients. Stop the medication when necessary to minimize ADR rates to the lowest.

以问题为基础的学习（ problem-based learning ，PBL）是以问题为先导，学生通过自学、研究、小组讨论的形式解决问题，并在教师的参与下，在解决问题的过程中学习必要的理论知识［1］。自20世纪60年代以来，PBL教学法在国外的一些医学院校陆续得以运用［2］。近年来，国内一些医学院校也进行了PBL教学法的积极探索。临床护理专业课是高等护理教育中的主干课，是培养学生成为合格护士的关键课，传统意义上的临床护理专业课包括《内科护理学》《外科护理学》《妇产科护理学》《儿科护理学》及《急救护理学》等［3］；这些课程知识体系整体性强，且临床实践联系紧密，需要在教学过程中体现其临床特点，使学生能理论联系实践，有效应用护理程序思考问题、分析问题和解决问题。临床护理专业课如果只采用传统教学方法教学效果不尽如人意，而PBL教学法的适当应用可提高教学效果，对提升学生解决问题的能力有帮助［4］。因此，本文就PBL教学法在护理专业本专科临床专业课程教学中的应用进展综述如下。

组织学是研究正常人体微细结构及其相关功能的科学，是医学院校的一门重要基础课。组织学因其学科的特点，决定了其重点学习内容在于组织切片的观察。因此，作为重要的教学环节之一的实验教学不仅能有助于学生加强理论学习，而且能培养和提高学生的实际操作和科学研究能力。传统实验教学的模式是教师课前讲解、学生使用显微镜进行组织切片观察、绘图提交作业，存在着一定的弊端。随着科学技术的发展和完善，显微数码互动系统已被开发并用于医学形态学科的实验教学中[1]。显微数码互动系统具有先进的语音交流、图像分析、信息共享等功能，突破了传统组织学实验教学中存在的局限性，为组织学实验教学提供了一种效率高、沟通性强的新型教学手段，有助于促进教学质量和教学效果的提高，克服了传统实验教学模式的弊端[2]。随着教学设备的更新，传统教学模式逐渐向显微数码互动教学模式进行转变。我校于2008年基础医学院的组织胚胎学实验室与山东易创公司合作，开发和建设了显微数码互动实验室；2011年在显微数码互动系统的基础上又增添了配套的数字切片系统。该系统包括教师端和学生端，由数字摄像机、数字显微镜、教师端微机单元、学生端微机单元、显微互动软件等模块儿组成。

This study was aimed to discuss cellular mechanism of anti-liver fibrosis by acupuncture on acupoint and connective tissues. Rats were divided into five groups, which were the normal group, liver fibrosis model group (12 week), liver fibrosis model group(20 week), acupoint acupuncture group, and connective tissue acupuncture group. The observation was made on morphology of liver in various groups by HE stain and Mallory stain. Concentrations of TG, HA, LN and PC-Ⅲin serum were also detected. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were intervened by serum from each group to observe MSCs proliferation and differentiation. The results showed that the serum level of model group(12 week) was significantly different from other groups. And the same results were found in the inspection of morphology. In the normal group there were no cell expressing albumin. In other groups, MSCs can express albumin. It was concluded that the serum of normal group cannot make MSCs transform into hepatocyte-like cell. The serum of other groups can make MSCs transform into hepatocyte-like cell. It was concluded that both hepatic fibrosis and acupuncture can induce MSCs differentiation.

总结多年来应用显微数码互动系统开展组织学实验教学的体会,介绍"互联—互动—目标"式实验教学模式的实施流程及特点。

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Tongluo-Jiunao (TLJN) injection on brain tissues of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rats. Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. All animal models were divided into the following four groups: sham, model, TLJN, and edaravone groups. The brain infarct volume, concentration of IGF-1 in brain tissues and serum were detected at 24 h, 3 d, and 7 d after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The results showed that compared to the model group, the brain infarct volume of TLJN group was significantly reduced, and the expression of IGF-1 of cerebral cortex was upregulated in TLJN group. It was concluded that TLJN has significant protective effects on brain tissues in focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury rat, and the IGF-1 may play an important role in the protective effects of brain tissues.

Based on our practice of teaching histology and embryology,we provides some consideration on how to improve the teaching quality: 1) transformation of traditional teaching model of teachers;2)Conversion of learning model of students;3)adjustment of evaluation system of class teaching;and 4) innovation of teaching management pattern.

Objective:To observe the effect of different conditioned mediums of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells on the normal astrocyte,as well as to investigate the interaction between microvascular endothelial cell and astrocyte,and the influence of Tongluo Jiunao injection (TLJN)on astrocyte by affecting endothelial.Methods:The conditioned medium by normal,oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and OGD+TLJN intervened cerebral microvascular endothelia cells of rat were collected after differently treated which were added into astrocyte cultures respectively.The effect was determined through the measurement of MTT and flow cytometry.Results:The normal conditioned medium significantly inhibit the activity of astrocyte compared to normal control (p0.01),but increase the apoptosis of astrocyte.The OGD conditioned medium could significantly improve the activity and apoptosis of astrocyte compared to normal (p0.01).The OGD+TLJN intervened conditioned medium could improve the activity but decrease the apoptosis of astrocyte.Conclusions:The different conditioned mediums of rat brain microvascular endothelial cells have different effects on the activity and apoptosis of the normal astrocyte.And TLJN could modulate astrocyte by changing the function of brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of IGF1 in rat cerebral ischemia brain by Tong luo jiu nao (TLJN) injection.Methods:using filament method to copy middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of rats.We examined expression of IGF1 in brain tissue of rats undergone MCAO at 12 hours;24hours;3day and 7day by immunohistochemistry ,ELISA and RT-PCR and investigated TLJN protective effects correlated with the expression of NSE under ischemic condition by ELISA.Results:expression of IGF1 on rat brain increase after MCAO at 24h,and gradually decrease with time go by ,TLJN can increase IGF1 on rat brain and decrease the level of NSE.Conclusion:IGF1 had protective effects on rat cerebral ischemia brain injured by MCAO.TLJN can increase the expression of IGF1 in brain tissue to protect brain.

This work observed the distribution of Semaphorin 3A (Sema 3A) in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats and the effect of Tongluo Jiunao injection (TLJN) on Sema 3A expression.Three groups were established,including the normal group,the control group,and the TLJN group.The expression of Sema 3A was observed by ELISA and double-immunofluorescent staining 12 h,1 d,3 d and 7 d after MCAO.The infarction volume was measured by TTC staining,and the level of GAP43 by ELISA.TLJN decreased the infarction volume and increased the expression of GAP43 compared with the control group.The expression of Sema 3A was increased after MCAO,and significantly decreased 3 d after TLJN injection.The results showed that the expression of Sema 3A may be related with the neuron injury after MCAO,and TLJN may protect the brain by inhibiting the expression of Sema 3A.