The development of bone repair implant materials that combine biodegradability with mechanical properties comparable to natural cortical bone is crucial for the surgical repair of orthopedic bone defects. However, designing bioceramic-based bone repair materials with favorable biomechanical compatibility and fatigue resistance remains highly challenging due to the inherent stiffness and brittleness of bioceramics. Using dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) as the biodegradable ceramic component, we demonstrate an artificial cortical bone with a hierarchical nacre-inspired laminated structure characterized by high flexural strength (similar to 125 MPa), low elastic modulus (similar to 23 GPa), and excellent toughness (KJC similar to 6.5 MPa m1/2 ), which can perfectly match the biomechanical properties of natural cortical bone. The incorporation of nacre-like ductile interlayers consisting of DCPA platelets and polyvinyl alcohol not only effectively reduces the elastic modulus of the composite but also greatly enhances the toughness and work of fracture by the energy-dissipating nacre-like structure. Moreover, the ultralow-temperature cold sintering process promotes strong interfacial bonding between the rigid and ductile layers through a gradient interface. The resulting highly improved interfacial shear strength leads to exceptional fatigue resistance, enabling the material to withstand 107 cycles at similar to 24 MPa, which is the upper limit of physiological stress during daily activities. Together with the in vitro biodegradability and osteogenic differentiation capability, the artificial cortical bone provides a promising strategy for temporary cortical bone defect repair. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & Technology.

Ionic thermoelectric materials based on the Soret effect are promising for harvesting low-grade thermal energy owing to their high thermopower, mechanical flexibility, and low thermal conductivity. However, their practical performance is fundamentally limited by the long-standing trade-off between ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness in ionogels. Here, we report a defect- and structure-engineered ionic thermoelectric ionogel enabled by one-dimensional SrTiO3 nanofibers with oxygen vacancies. The ferroelectric polarization and oxygen-vacancy-rich surfaces of SrTiO3 generate built-in local electric fields and ion-selective anchoring sites, which promote ion dissociation and amplify cation-anion migration asymmetry. Meanwhile, the one-dimensional nanofiber architecture suppresses polymer crystallization, forms continuous ion-transport pathways, and reinforces the polymer network. As a result, the optimized ionogel achieves a high ionic thermopower of up to 17.95 mVK-1 and an ionic conductivity of 7.72 mScm-1, together with exceptional stretchability and long-term stability. Furthermore, an ionic thermoelectric capacitor is demonstrated, enabling controllable thermal energy harvesting and storage through capacitive processes. This work establishes a general design principle for decoupling ion transport and mechanical performance in ionic thermoelectric systems.

Hybrid manganese halides, as a novel class of lead‐free family, have been extensively explored. However, achieving a green emission line‐width of less than 40 nm, along with high efficiency and stability, remains rare. Herein, a dual organic cations strategy is demonstrated to reduce emission line‐width and boost stability of A 2 MnBr 4 by employing tetramethylammonium (TMA) and tetramethylammonium (TEA) cations. The [(TMA)(TEA)]MnBr 4 microcrystals, synthesized via mechanochemical method, have an extremely narrow emission line‐width of 39.83 nm, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 87.57% under 455 nm excitation, a high light yield of 37860 photons MeV −1 under X‐ray irradiation and excellent thermal stability (maintaining 76.56% of the initial emission intensity at 140 °C). The impressive properties are primarily attributed to the low distortion of [MnBr 4 ] tetrahedron, small electron–phonon coupling, and high exciton confinement. The assembled white light‐emitting diode demonstrates an ultra‐wide gamut of 117.9% of the NTSC 1931 standard. The [(TMA)(TEA)]MnBr 4 scintillator films exhibit a high spatial resolution of 14.65 lp mm −1 , and 3D‐printed green‐emitting structures achieve complex information encryption. This work not only introduces the way for obtaining narrow‐band manganese halides but also authenticates its potential applications in wide gamut displays, X‐ray detection, and 3D printing fields.

Developing thermally stable bimetallic alloy clusters for furfural hydrogenation remains a significant challenge because high-temperature alloying readily causes metal migration and particle growth. In this study, ultrasmall Pt-based bimetallic clusters are constructed on a mesoporous carbon nanosphere (PtM-S/MCS) by combining a sulfur-anchored strategy to achieve efficient tandem conversion of furfural (FFA) into furfuryl alcohol (FOL). Characterization results show that the resultant materials possess a mesoporous carbon nanosphere (MCS) with a large specific surface area (1,482.8 m2 g-1) and uniform mesopores (≈ 7 nm), in which PtCo alloy clusters with a particle size of 2.1 nm are homogeneously dispersed. The strategy is further extended to PtFe-S/MCS and PtCu-S/MCS, demonstrating its applicability to different Pt-based bimetallic systems. In the selective hydrogenation of FFA, the PtCo-S/MCS catalyst achieves a 98.9% FOL yield. The enhanced performance arises from the cooperative effects of sulfur anchoring, mesoporous confinement, and PtCo alloy formation.

Owing to the high specific strength and excellent impact resistance, aramid fiber (AF)-reinforced composites are widely considered as promising lightweight structural materials for next-generation unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). However, their performance at elevated temperatures is severely constrained by the thermal instability of polymer matrix. Herein, we demonstrate a novel aramid fiber-reinforced ceramic composite with a SiO2 matrix as a thermally resistant radar stealth armor. To prevent fiber degradation during processing, the cold sintering process is employed to achieve densification of the SiO2 matrix at merely 180 °C using Na2SiO3 as a transient liquid. Moreover, MXene modification of AF is introduced as an interphase to simultaneously enhance the interfacial shear strength and capability of microwave attenuation. By optimizing sintering conditions, the composite reinforced with a double layer of MXene-modified AF fabric exhibits a flexural strength of 166 MPa at room temperature and remains stable up to 300 °C. Furthermore, the synergistic impact resistance from the ceramic matrix and AF fabric demonstrates excellent low-velocity ballistic shielding performance in the composite. Thanks to the capacitor-like structure and enhanced conduction loss of MXene interphase with increasing temperature, the composite realizes effective absorption bandwidth coverage throughout the X-band from room temperature to 300 °C. Therefore, this work proposes an energy-saving strategy for the development of heat-resistant, mechanically robust and microwave-absorbing composites for UAVs.

Conventional electromagnetic shielding and absorbing materials are constrained by intrinsic dielectric and magnetic responses, rendering them inadequate for multi-band communication, reconfigurable electronics, and adaptive stealth technologies. Here, we report a ZnO-liquid Ga composite ceramic that enables electric-field-driven switching between electromagnetic absorption and shielding under ultralow external electric fields. By tailoring interfacial reactions during cold sintering, a hierarchical ZnO/ZnGa2O4/Ga2O3/Ga heterointerface network is constructed. This architecture synergistically regulates interfacial polarization and field-dependent carrier transport, enabling simultaneously ultrahigh-intensity and broadband electromagnetic absorption (reflection loss of -70.1 dB at 1.91 mm with an effective bandwidth exceeding 6 GHz), together with outstanding electrical nonlinearity (alpha approximate to 445) and an ultralow threshold field (<45 V mm-1). Below the threshold field, electromagnetic attenuation is dominated by interfacial polarization loss, whereas exceeding the threshold induces a sharp conductivity increase via interfacial barrier modulation, driving a transition to a shielding-dominated state. In this regime, the composite exhibits a theoretically estimated shielding effectiveness exceeding 35 dB across 2-18 GHz based on experimentally measured conductivity, thereby realizing dynamic switching between absorption and shielding modes. This work establishes a new paradigm for heterointerface-engineered, cold-sintered ceramics toward intelligent electromagnetic protection materials with externally controllable functionality.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) is a low-energy and environmentally friendly technology for clean-water production. However, when applied to complex waters, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can readily enter the condensate. In this study, a sequential strategy involving carbonization followed by composite fabrication was used to construct a CuO@Fe2O3@CC-SA (CFCC-SA) bimetallic oxide aerogel evaporator with both mechanical stability and flexibility for efficient water evaporation and VOC degradation. Synergistic interactions between Fe and Cu enhanced both the photothermal conversion efficiency and Fenton-like catalytic activity of the material. Meanwhile, the porous aerogel network provided excellent hydrophilicity and rapid water transport, thereby promoting efficient evaporation. Under 1.0 kW m–2 irradiation, the CFCC-SA evaporator exhibited an evaporation rate of 2.06 kg·m–2·h–1, corresponding to an approximately 20% increase relative to the monometallic CuO@CC-SA evaporator. For phenol, CFCC-SA achieved removal efficiencies of 98.4% in the condensate and 63.8% in the raffinate. Furthermore, CFCC-SA maintained high phenol removal performance over a broad pH range and under highly saline conditions (20 wt% NaCl). Overall, by integrating efficient water transport with synergistic bimetallic catalysis, the CFCC-SA evaporator offers a promising strategy for designing SDIE systems that simultaneously enable high-rate water evaporation and VOC removal.

Zn-based halides have garnered much attention because of their high stability and environmental friendliness. In anti-counterfeiting applications, fluorescent materials with low cost, low toxicity, and tunable multicolor emission are highly desired. In this work, we demonstrate that diverse emission colors can be achieved by doping various ions into lead-free C3ZnBr5, forming Cs3Zn1-xCuxBr5-x (x = 0.01-0.06), Cs3Zn1-xMnxBr5(x = 0.10-0.50) and Cs3-xZn1-xCexBr5 (x = 0.05-0.30) series. Copper doping induces blue emission centered at 460 nm with an FWHM of 80 nm; manganese doping yields green emission at 520 nm with an FWHM of 40 nm; and cerium doping produces ultraviolet emission around 382 nm with an FWHM of 70 nm. Leveraging the unique photoluminescent properties of Zn halides, we successfully applied the synthesized materials for anti-counterfeiting. Our results highlight that Zn-based halides as a promising family of lead-free phosphors for advanced optoelectronic and security applications.

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) has garnered extensive attention and research interest as an ideal laser host material due to its excellent optical properties, mechanical strength, and stable physicochemical characteristics. This study successfully fabricated highly dense (99.8% relative density) YAG ceramics via high-specific-surface-area mesoporous YAG powders combined with spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1400 degrees C under 60 MPa, with a dwell time of only 3 min. The as-fabricated dense YAG ceramics exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including a Vickers hardness (HV) of 15.02 GPa and a fracture toughness of 2.3 MPam(1/2). This research reveals the critical role of highly sinter-active mesoporous YAG powders in the low-temperature preparation of high-density YAG ceramics, while also providing a novel and important strategy for rapidly producing high-performance fine YAG ceramics at low sintering temperatures.

Wearable thermoelectric generators (WTEGs) are promising candidates for maintenance-free power sources in wearable electronics. However, conventional performance prediction and structural optimization of WTEGs often rely on simplified heat transfer coefficient (HTC) models with a constant convective heat transfer coefficient, which overlooks the complex fluid-solid interactions and may lead to significant inaccuracies under forced convection conditions. In this study, a three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model is developed under an idealized steady, laminar forced-convection baseline to investigate the impact of fluid-thermal coupling in Magnesium-based WTEG design, focusing on the cross-sectional area ratio, inter-leg spacing, and geometric shape. Our results demonstrate that while the HTC model can qualitatively capture the optimization trends, the quantitative predictions of output power can exhibit substantial deviations due to the non-uniform distribution of the local heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, aerodynamically streamlined cylindrical legs significantly enhance convective heat transfer, leading to an output power improvement of similar to 17% compared with conventional cuboid legs, although the enhancement decreases to 6.3% in the 8-pair module because of architecture-dependent thermal masking and wake/electrode interactions. This work highlights the necessity of incorporating fluid-thermal coupling in device design and provides potential shape optimization strategies for Magnesium-based wearable thermoelectric devices within the studied open-structure forced-convection configuration.

High-performance dielectric microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) face a persistent trade-off between impedance matching and attenuation due to the inherent coupling of real (ε') and imaginary (ε″) permittivity. Herein, a sequential interface engineering (SIE) strategy is proposed to achieve dielectric decoupling by stepwise constructing multi-phase heterointerfaces on reduced graphene oxide. Using a lacunary polyoxometalate [SiW9O34]10- as an atomically precise molecular scaffold to sequentially integrate Fe2+, Mn2+ and Gd3+, we programmed a controlled thermal evolution from single-phase FeWO4 to dual-phase FeWO4/MnWO4 and to tri-phase FeWO4/MnWO4/Gd2W2O9 heterostructures. This "interface-by-interface" assembly allows for a stable ε' baseline maintained by the tungsten-oxygen system, while ε″ is independently enhanced by the increasing density of heterojunctions. Specifically, the FeWO4/MnWO4 interface boosts interfacial polarization, elevating the minimum reflection loss (RLmin) from -42.95 dB to -60.39 dB. Subsequent introduction of Gd3+ induces a distinct Gd2W2O9 phase that diversifies polarization relaxation pathways, significantly broadening effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) from 6.08 to 8.24 GHz with a further improved RLmin to -62.43 dB. Density functional theory calculations confirm substantial interfacial charge transfer and built-in electric fields at each stage. This work establishes a rational "molecular-to-nano" paradigm for precision heterostructure design, offering a versatile blueprint for programming interfacial electronic environments for functional materials.

Hierarchical structure engineering and multicomponent design are pivotal for developing high-performance electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbers, however, conventional synthetic strategies still face significant challenges in simultaneously achieving precise control over multi-component, microstructural construction and size regulation. Herein, an asymmetric hierarchical metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived nanoporous carbon (NPC) composite is fabricated via a polyoxometalate (POM)-mediated coordination competition strategy. Tungsten-based POM (W-POM, Na3 [PW12O40]) acts as a dynamic structural modulator during Cu-MOF assembly. By competitively coordinating with Cu(II) ions against organic ligands, the W-POM precisely regulates Cu(II) ion release kinetics and nucleation, enabling concurrent control over precursor size (100-400 nm), morphology (evolving from octahedra to aggregated polyhedra), and composition. Subsequent pyrolysis transforms these W-POM@Cu-MOF precursors into a hierarchical architecture featuring asymmetrically grown Cu nanosheets on porous carbon matrix, alongside embedded Cu nanoparticles and W-POM-derived Na2WO4 heterostructures (Cu/W/NPC). This unique anisotropic configuration synergistically enhances microwave attenuation, where Cu nanosheets and porous matrix prolong propagation paths and induce multi-scattering, while the uniformly dispersed Na2WO4 and heterogeneous interfaces significantly boost interfacial polarization and dipole polarization. Consequently, the optimized nanocomposite exhibits superior EMW absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of-61.4 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.64 GHz. COMSOL simulations quantitatively confirm the abundant interfaces and porous structures synergize polarization dissipation and multi-reflection mechanisms, optimizing impedance matching. Radar cross-section (RCS) simulations further demonstrate significant attenuation (29.84 dB m2), highlighting practical stealth utility. This work establishes a versatile POM-mediated coordination competition paradigm for architecturally and compositionally tailored MOF-derived advanced EMW absorbers.

Thermocell (TEC), as economical, simple, and stable-output ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) systems, provides a reliable solution for the effective utilization of low-grade heat and direct conversion to continuous electricity. However, prevalent issues in TEC, such as electrolyte leakage, low tensile toughness, and limitations in the fabrication of series/parallel planar devices, have restricted its practical applicability. Herein, a quasi-solid, fiber-shaped 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMIM BF4)-liquid crystal elastomer (E-LCE) based TEC is obtained by impregnation with I2/KI/EMIM BF4 solution, leveraging the chaotropic effect of BF4− and the interaction of EMIM+-I3− to expand the entropy and potential differences between the hot and cold electrodes, achieving a thermopower of −1.2 mV K−1. Furthermore, combining traditional weaving techniques and three-dimensional structural embedding design, an E-LCE-based TEC wristband is woven by integrating the TEC into an LCE ribbed textile, achieving accurate monitoring of the wearer’s body temperature, broadening the application scenarios of TEC and paving the way for its commercial applications in wearable devices and biomonitoring fields. This work uses Liquid Crystal Elastomer (LCE) as the substrate and employs I2/KI as the redox couple. The chaotropic effect of EMIM BF4 not only increases the entropy difference of the system but also serves as a supporting electrolyte to enlarge the potential difference, thereby synergistically improving the thermoelectric properties of the LCE based TEC. Finally, leveraging the mechanical advantages of the LCE material together with the stable and rapid voltage response of the LCE-based TEC, an LCE-based i-TE wristband was fabricated and applied for human body temperature monitoring.

Lead-free Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications owing to their non-toxicity and intrinsic blue emission. However, their practical application is hindered by defect-dominated low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and poor environmental stability. Herein, we propose an ultrafast liquid-nitrogen (LN) quenching strategy integrated with one-pot synthesis, which delivers an ultra-high cooling rate of 35 K/s faster than conventional ice-water (IW) cooling (1 K/s). This abrupt thermal termination effectively suppresses Ostwald ripening, ion migration and surface ligand detachment, thereby promoting uniform size distribution, inducing lattice contraction and reducing the non-radiative defects. The obtained Cs3Cu2I5 NCs exhibit a remarkable PLQY up to 85% and exceptional stability, maintaining beyond 80% of initial PL intensity after ambient storage for 35 days, aqueous exposure for 36 hand continuous UV irradiation for 48 h. Moreover, the LN-quenched NCs were successfully integrated into X-ray scintillator film achieving a spatial resolution of 10 lp/mm, and their colloidal ink enabled stimulus-responsive information encryption and fluorescence anti-counterfeiting patterns, attributed to enhanced self-trapped exciton (STE) emission and robust structural integrity. This work establishes ultrafast LN quenching as a universal and feasible strategy for fabricating highly luminescent and stable perovskite NCs, paving the way for multifunctional optoelectronic applications.

Ultraviolet-excited single-matrix broadband white-light lead-free perovskite phosphors have attracted extensive attention due to their environmental friendliness and high stability. However, single-activator systems typically struggle to achieve full visible-spectrum coverage. Here, we report a novel single-matrix white phosphor, Cs2Sn0.65-yZr0.15Cl6: 20%Bi/yTe, synthesized via a simple precipitation method through Bi3+/Te4+ dual-activator co-doping in a Zr4+-optimized Cs2SnCl6 host. Under 365 nm UV excitation, the Bi3+ center produces blue emission via 3P0→1S0 transition and [BiSn+VCl] defect-mediated recombination, whereas the Te4+ center generates long-lived yellow emission through self-trapped exciton (STE) relaxation. The energy transfer from Bi3+ to Te4+ is systematically investigated, achieving an efficiency of 85% at the optimal Te4+ concentration of 0.5 mol%. The phosphor exhibits a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 58.02%, along with good thermal and water stability. When integrated with a 365 nm UV LED chip, the fabricated white light-emitting diode (WLED) device achieves CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.3342, 0.3631), a color rendering index (CRI) of 75.8, and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4849 K, all close to standard white light. These results demonstrate that Bi3+/Te4+ co-doped Cs2Sn0.85Zr0.15Cl6 phosphor is a promising candidate for single-matrix white phosphors in UV-excited WLED applications.

Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halides (OIHMHs) have attracted considerable attention because of their superior optoelectronic properties and structural versatility, yet one-dimensional (1D) OIHMHs remain the least studied relative to their 0D, 2D, and 3D counterparts. Here, a new 1D blue-emitting hybrid cadmium chloride phosphor, (MBI)CdCl4·H2O, was constructed using 2-methylbenzimidazole (MBI) as the organic ligand. It crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group, consisting of distorted [CdCl6]4- octahedra connected via edge sharing. Incorporation of Sb3+ ions with stereochemically active 5s2 lone-pair electrons yields (MBI)Cd0.7Sb0.2Cl4·H2O, which exhibits highly efficient yellow emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 92.0%. In addition, doping with high-spin Mn2+ ions produces photoluminescent (MBI)Cd0.85Mn0.15Cl4·H2O crystals with a PLQY of 16.7%. Leveraging the tunable luminescence of this Cd halide, these materials were further demonstrated in anticounterfeiting and information encryption applications, highlighting a promising avenue for the development of functional metal halides.

Intermetallic nanoparticles (iNPs) exhibit ordered superlattice structures characterized by unique properties, for example, long-range ordering, robust metallic bonding and site-isolation effects. Multicomponent (>2) iNPs are particularly interesting for the development of advanced metallic catalysts for electrochemical applications. Integration of iNPs within mesoporous carbon nanostructures enhances mass and electron transfer during electrolysis and provides a protective mesoporous confinement that prevents iNP sintering and loss during operation. Here we describe a generalized two-step strategy to integrate iNPs with up to eight metal components into mesoporous carbon nanostructures that allows control over the ordering degree, phases and morphology. Ligand-assisted interfacial assembly of monomicelles on diverse metal substrates (using a laboratory-made amphiphilic copolymer as a structure-directing agent, with dopamine acting as both carbon precursor and metal-coordinating ligand) results in mesostructured metal-organic superstructures. All of the examples described have at least one noble metal (Pt or Pd) combined with transition metal elements (for example, Fe, Co, among others). Thermal processing of these metal-organic superstructures in an ammonia (NH3) atmosphere induces the formation of chemically ordered iNPs while simultaneously creating the mesoporous structure. The Protocol also includes procedures for two example electrochemical applications: the oxygen reduction reaction and nitrate reduction reaction for NH3 production. The entire synthetic procedure takes ~5 d, while physical characterization via electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and nitrogen sorption isotherms require ~2 d. Investigating the catalytic mechanisms, utilizing in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and online differential electrochemical mass analysis typically take 4-6 h for electrocatalytic reactions.

The non-toxic hybrid luminescent copper(I) iodides are competitive solution for environmentally sustainable applications in solar cells, lighting, and detectors. However, their susceptibility to elevated temperature and oxidation creates great hurdles for technological integration due to the lack of suitable encapsulation. Inspired by the mechanism and kinetics of dolomitization in geology, we propose a cold sintering process that enables the densification of highly transparent SrF2 ceramic at 150 oC, which can serve as a matrix for hybrid copper iodides. The introduction of cation-rich (Sr2+ rich) solution accelerates the rate-determining precipitation of solvated ions, which largely promotes the cold sintering process at low temperature. During the proposed cold sintering process, the synergistic effect of uniaxial pressure and temperature generates a continuous dispersion of melted hybrid copper iodide ([Cu4I4(pph2Et)4]) throughout the thermally conductive matrix, leading to an external quantum efficiency of 50%, enhanced resistance to thermal quenching, and superior stability after 100 h of damp-heat test. By encapsulating various hybrid copper iodides, the strategy is applicable for not only full-spectrum white lighting, but also X-ray imaging.

Lead-free red emissive hybrid Mn2+-based metal halides have emerged as promising phosphors for lighting and display applications owing to their environmental friendliness and d-d transition. However, simultaneously enhancing emission efficiency and narrowing the red-emission bandwidth of Mn2+ halide phosphors remains challenging. Here, we report an HCl-assisted precipitation strategy for synthesizing (CH3)4NMnCl3 phosphors. The introduction of HCl creates an acidic and chloride-rich chemical environment, thereby improving crystallization and luminescence emission efficiency. The as-prepared (CH3)4NMnCl3 phosphors exhibit a red emission at 629 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 70.77% and a narrow full width at half-maximum of 75.16 nm. The phosphors have good thermal stability (retained 80.77% of initial PL intensity at 423 K) and thermal-cycling stability. The as-fabricated light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using (CH3)4NMnCl3 as red emitters exhibit excellent operational stability, with 98.29% of initial luminous efficiency (LE) being maintained after 224 h of continuous operation. In addition, the assembled white LED delivers an LE of 88.41 lm/W and achieves a wide gamut covering 101.7% of the NTSC 1931. These results provide an effective strategy for achieving efficient and narrow-band hybrid Mn2+ halide phosphors, offering a promising lead-free emitter for wide-gamut display applications.