萝卜属于十字花科蔬菜,具有明显的杂种优势.壁蜂具有繁殖能力强、生存能力强、授粉效果好等优点.本文作者在前期研究的基础上,总结了萝卜拱棚壁蜂授粉制种技术,并从种株准备、拱棚准备、壁蜂投放、田间管理等方面进行了总结归纳,以期提升壁蜂拱棚授粉的制种质量和标准化水平,实现节本增效的目的.

近年来,根结线虫病逐渐成为山东生姜生产中的第二大病害.为了解微生物菌剂增施对生姜根结线虫病及产量的影响,本试验通过播前土壤施入不同复配的化学药剂和微生物菌剂,测定生姜株高、产量及其根结线虫病情指数等指标,并进行比较分析.结果表明,45 kg/hm2阿维·噻唑膦颗粒剂和45 kg/hm2作物养根护根型微生物菌剂(有效菌为枯草芽孢杆菌与哈茨木霉)复配施用,显著提高了生姜的株高和产量,比CK分别增加5.69％和16.12％,同时对生姜根结线虫病的防治效果达63.23％.因此,阿维·噻唑膦和养根护根型微生物菌剂复配处理生姜能够起到促生、增产、防病的作用,可替代单一的化学杀线虫剂应用于露地生姜种植生产中,以减缓抗药性的产生,降低农药残留,确保生姜质量安全.

为明确LIM家族基因在萝卜小孢子胚胎发生诱导中的表达特性,本研究在萝卜全基因组中鉴定LIM,通过分析理化性质、基因及蛋白结构、基因进化和表达模式.共鉴定到12个萝卜LIM家族成员,包含189～320个不等的氨基酸.亚细胞定位结果显示,RsLIM蛋白在细胞核中均有分布,部分在高尔基体中也有分布.启动子顺式作用元件分析表明,RsLIM启动子回应光、激素诱导的元件最多.基因结构分析表明,RsLIM中外显子数为3～10个.结构域分析表明,RsLIM蛋白中除RsLIM2外,均具有2个LIM结构域.根据聚类分析结果可将RsLIM分为3组.染色体定位结果显示,RsLIM分布在萝卜9条染色体中的6条,且呈不均匀分布.转录组数据表明,12个RsLIM基因在不同组织中的表达具有明显差异,显著分为2类.游离小孢子不同预处理的实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,12个RsLIM对不同预处理的反应效果不同,低温诱导促进多数基因表达,高温诱导抑制多数基因的表达,RsLIM基因家族具有一定的表达特异性.本研究为萝卜 LIM基因家族的功能分析提供了依据.

为了探讨生姜不同播种方式对其株高、分枝数及产量的影响,本试验研究了催芽和直播2种方式,并将保水剂应用在生姜生产中,结果表明,催芽和直播相比较,其产量极显著高于直播,分枝数显著增加;催芽及直播方式下,施用保水剂后生姜产量和株高都显著性高于不施保水剂的.这说明催芽、添加保水剂2种措施均能促进生姜分枝、增加产量,有利于生姜的生产.

为研究生姜不同品种间成分差异,以山东地区主栽的12个生姜品种为研究对象,分析9种营养成分的差异性,并利用主成分与聚类分析对生姜品质进行综合评价.结果表明,不同的生姜品种间的辣味差别较为显著;9个反映生姜品种综合品质的指标可以用3个主成分(贡献率达88.32％)表示,昌邑生姜、莱芜娃娃姜和安丘大姜综合品质较好;3个主成分的聚类分析表明,昌邑生姜适用于提取特征活性成分和用于鲜食、调味等用途,昌邑黄姜则适于加工糖姜、姜片以及腌渍姜等产品.

由于近年来潍坊地区设施蔬菜面积不断扩大,露天种植面积和蔬菜种类逐渐减少,为有效利用当地独特地理气候优势、丰富蔬菜供给、改善土壤条件、提高土地利用率和经济效益,在多年生产实践基础上总结了菜用豌豆—鲜食玉米—乌塌菜1年3茬的轮作栽培模式,包含作物茬口安排、田间种植管理、病虫害防控、适时采收上市等相关技术,利用经济价值高、生态效益好的3种作物进行露天轮作,可有效减少下茬病虫害的发生,提高土地复种指数,增加农民收入.自2017年在潍坊寒亭、寿光、高密等地区示范推广以来,累计推广面积在33.3 hm2以上,为相似地区的种植结构调整及土壤改良提供了有益参考.

山东省潍坊市生姜种植历史悠久,从万历年间就有种植的记载(王顺明 等,2015),经过几千年的栽培发展,生姜已成为潍坊市的主要经济作物之一,种植面积、产量水平、加工出口等各项指标均居全省、全国领先地位.其中,"安丘大姜"在2006 年被国家质量监督检验检疫总局批准为国家地理标志保护产品,2009 年被国家工商行政管理总局批准为地理标志证明商标;"昌邑大姜"在2010年被国家工商行政管理总局批准为地理标志证明商标,2011 年被农业部批准为国家农产品地理标志产品.2018 年潍坊市生姜种植面积3.11 万hm2(46.58 万亩),占潍坊市蔬菜种植总面积的10％以上,是种植规模仅次于西瓜的蔬菜品类,年产量达230 万t,产值81.2 亿元,加工量205.5 万t,出口量58.5 万t.笔者从潍坊市生姜的种植区域布局、栽培模式、生产经营等方面对潍坊市生姜产业发展现状进行剖析,提出相应的对策措施,以期为潍坊市生姜产业持续健康发展提供理论依据.

利用拱棚进行大姜栽培,可以延长其生育期,同时便于进行病虫害的有效防控.该技术通过早春4膜覆盖、夏天搭遮阳网等措施,可有效保证大姜生长过程中所需要的适宜温度和湿度,能提高大姜的产量和品质,并结合其他关键技术,以达到优质、高产和高效的目的.

通过适宜栽培品种的筛选和栽培设施的不断创新,结合高水平的种植管理模式,缩短生姜的生育周期,培育红芽姜,获得了较高的经济效益.该高产高效栽培技术选用‘安丘黄姜’、三拱棚+草苫覆盖模式,可将生姜生育期由210d缩减110d,实现生姜每年1作向每年2作栽培方式转变,提高了种植者的经济效益,可供生产者参考.

针对传统种植山药耗费人力物力大的问题,经长期摸索实践,总结出了一套适合盐碱地的无土山药栽培技术,以期为山药种植业的发展提供技术支持.

潍春白3号是以从福山二包头中选育出的BZ07-09自交不亲和系为母本,以从春宝黄白菜中选育出的BD05-272自交不亲和系为父本配制育成的大白菜一代杂种.生长期68 d(天),株高36 cm,开展度50 cm,外叶深绿色,帮白而薄,叶面稍皱,叶缘有少量刺毛.球叶合抱,叶球炮弹形,球高32 cm,球径23 cm.球内叶浅黄色,品质好.平均单球质量1.9 kg,净菜率62.9%,软叶率41.1%,短缩茎5.2 cm,冬性较强.每667 m2净菜产量5500 kg左右.抗芜菁花叶病毒(TuMV),中抗霜霉病,适宜在山东、北京周边、河北张家口、云南等地作春白菜种植.

To understand codon usage features of ICE1 gene in radish,the sequence of ICE1 was analyzed via programs of CUSP and Codon W,and it was also compared with other 10 plant species and genomes.The results showed that ICE1 in radish was bias towards the synonymous codons with A and T at third codon position.According to the RSCU (Relative Synonymous Codon Usage),12 codons were high-frequency.Compared with the codon usages of other radish genes,bias towards of 19 codons were the same.There were some differences in codon bias of ICE1 among different species.The cluster tree of ICE1 based on CDS revealed a better evolutionary relationship among different species than the result analyzed by RSCU.The differences of codon usage between ICE1 and rice genome was larger than that between ICE1 and some cruciferae plant genomes(Arabidopsis,cabbage).This means something should be done to ICE1 to heterologous expression of ICE1.This study not only preliminarily reveals the codon usage pattern of ICE1 of radish,but also provides a certain theoretical basis to further molecular genetic study.

拱棚春大白菜是填补春季淡季蔬菜供应的重要手段.详细介绍拱棚春大白菜生产的拱棚建设、品种选择、育苗、移栽、田间管理、采收等环节关键技术,以期为北方地区拱棚春大白菜生产提供指导.

In order to provide data support for horticulture researchers and administrative decision makers, the current status of Raphanus sativus was surveyed.Based on the analysis methods of document metrology,China Journal Full-text Database of Chinese Academic Periodicals was viewed as the data sources,moreover,the year distribution,research field,main publishing units of literatures and the distribution situation of core-authors groups of radish literatures published in China during 1986-2016 were analyzed statistically.The results showed that the research of Raphanus sativus obtained tremendous progress,there were more than 878 papers and 263 periodicals in 2016;The main research fields were breeding, cultivating and biotechnology, parts of core authors were determined,such as Wang Long-zhi, etc.The number of Chinese horticultural papers published in journals has been increased in the past years, but the quality has not kept up with the quantity.The proportion of Raphanus sativus paper was smaller in the areas in basic research direction.In the future, more attentions should be paid to the problem of molecular and mics.

‘Weiluobo No. 5’is a new radish cultivar derived from crossing male sterile line‘VMS-01A-6’ as female parent and self-incompatible line‘VL-126’as male parent. It takes 75-80 days from sowing to harvest. It grows vigorously and its plant expansion is 50 cm. The leaves are semi-erecting and light green in color. The matured plant has 14-16 lobed leaves. Its fleshy root is of spherical shape with smooth and red peel. Its pulp is tender and the quality is good. The average single root weight is about 1.41 kg. The yield is 85.5-88.5 t·hm-2. Its resistances to downy mildew,virus diseases and soft rot disease are superior to that of the contrast‘Hongfeng No.2’. It is suitable for fall planting in Shandong Province,North and Northeast China.

利用潍坊西部山区的气候特点发展越夏番茄,能有效缓解番茄上市淡季,拓宽了当地农民的致富途径。在生产实践的基础上,从越夏番茄适栽品种、播种育苗、定植适期、田间管理和病虫害防治等方面介绍了关键栽培技术,对发展潍坊山区越夏番茄栽培有一定的指导意义。

‘Weiluobo No.4'is an early spring white radish F1 hybrid bred by crossing male sterile line VMS08-162 as female parent and self-incompatible line of late bloting white radish VL03-163 as male parent.Its height is about 50 cm.Its pinnate leaf cluster is semi-uprush.The leaf color is deep green and the number of leaf blades per plant is 14-16.Its fleshy root is columnar in shape,32-36 cm in length and 6-8 cm in diameter.Underground portion of fleshy root is about 40%.The fleshy root has smooth rind,tiny tail head,with less fibrous,white flesh and white peel,with tender,crisp taste and good flavor.The single fleshy root weight is about 1 kg,and the root/leaf ratio is 3.Its growth period is about 60 days.The planting density in 667 m~2is about 4 000 plants,and the average yield is 90-105 t·hm~(-2).It is suitable to be cultivated in spring in white radish growing areas all over the country.

本试验以日光温室栽培的‘紫阳长茄’为试材,对其优质安全栽培关键技术进行有效集成和全面研究。结果表明:集成栽培技术的应用能够使茄子植株维持较强的生长势,有效改善功能叶片和根系的生理活性,使叶片叶绿素(Chl)、类胡萝卜素(Car)、可溶性蛋白质(Pr)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性以及根系活力明显提高;根结线虫病和黄萎病发病率显著降低;茄子坐果数和单果重较大幅度增加,单位面积产量、产值和经济效益显著提高;茄子果实营养品质得以改善,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质、Vc、干物质和可溶性固形物含量显著增加。

紫阳长茄是潍坊市农业科学院育成的适宜保护地栽培的紫萼长茄一代杂交种。于2009年3月通过山东省农作物品种审定委员会审定。该品种耐寒能力强,适宜在山东、河北、江苏等地区越冬或早春保护地种植。