This review aims to comprehensively summarize the differences in anticholinergic drug burden (ADB) scores between older hospitalized patients with and without delirium. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and CINAHL EBSCOhost databases to identify prospective cohort studies exploring the relationship between ADB and the occurrence of delirium in older hospitalized patients. The primary outcome of the review was the mean ADB scores for the delirium and non-delirium groups, and the secondary outcome was the scores for the subsyndromal and non-delirium groups. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and corresponding 95

IMPORTANCE Regulatory authorities, industry peers, and international health policies have emphasized the value of assessing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in clinical studies. Despite the increase in the number of clinical studies in the last decade in China, little is known about the extent of the use of PROs. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the application and characteristics of PRO instruments as primary and secondary outcomes in randomized clinical trials in China. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional study of interventional clinical trials conducted in China from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2020, was performed. Data obtained from the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were evaluated. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Trials were categorized according to those that (1) precisely listed PRO tools as outcomes, (2) mentioned patient subjective feelings in outcomes but did not clarify which tools were used for assessment, and (3) did not mention any PRO measurements. Data on study phase, setting, participant age, and sex were extracted from trials that considered patient feelings, along with the target diseases and names of the PRO tools. RESULTS Among a total of 34033 trials, 6915 (20.3%) listed the explicit PRO instruments used and 3178 (9.3%) included PRO in their outcomes but did not include the names of the assessment tools. From more than 32 million people included in the registered trials, data on 1.5 million (4.7%) patients were scientifically collected by PRO instruments, and subjective feelings were assessed for 693 867 (2.1%) participants. Pain (16.8%), cancer (15.6%), and musculoskeletal symptoms (13.3%) were the most common conditions for which PROs were precisely collected by tools. The most common tools for PRO measurements were the visual analog scale, Short-Form 36, and Hamilton Depression Scale. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cross-sectional study, the use of PROs increased during the study period in clinical trials conducted in China. However, patient opinion appears to still be rarely measured. The application of PRO is geographically unevenly distributed. Development of PRO instruments, especially those suitable for the Chinese population, may be useful. Further expansion of PROs with respect to the scope of diseases is needed to avoid missing important data.

Background. The association between sleep disturbance and the menstruation in the young women population has been scarcely studied. The aim of this study is to assess the association between sleep status and phase of the menstrual cycle in healthy, young, ovulating women. Methods. This cross-sectional study used the data collected from healthy young, ovulating Chinese females from September to December 2018. The association was analyzed by using linear regression and binary logistic analyses. Results. 2260 women aged 17 to 30 were included in the analysis. The average sleep duration of the respondents was 7.24 hours (SD=0.92). 61.7% of them admitted that they were accompanied by at least one of sleep symptoms including difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, dreaminess, early morning awakening, and somnolence. Sleep quality was significantly associated with dysmenorrhea (OR 95%CI=1.74 [1.40-2.17], P<0.001) and self-awareness menstrual regularity (OR 95%CI=1.29 [1.06-1.56], P=0.011). Conclusion. This study found that poor sleep quality is significantly associated with dysmenorrhea and self-awareness menstrual irregularity among healthy, young, ovulating, Chinese females.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have received increasing attention for their involvement in the pathogenesis of cancer; however, the characterization and function of circRNAs in colitis-induced colon carcinoma remains largely unknown. A colitis-induced colon carcinoma model was established in mice treated with azoxymethane-dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS), and the circRNA profile was screened by next generation sequencing. Bioinformatic tools, including Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and network analysis were used to predict the functions of differentially expressed circRNAs and potentially coexpressed target genes. Among the detected candidate 3069 circRNA genes, 126 circRNAs were upregulated, and 108 circRNAs were down regulated in colon tissues from AOM/DSS mice compared to those from control mice. A total of six of these candidate circRNAs were validated by RT-PCR. GO analysis revealed that numerous target genes including most microRNAs were involved in the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway, actin cytoskeleton, focal adhesion, and additional biological processes. Our study revealed a comprehensive expression and functional profile for differentially expressed circRNAs in AOM/DSS induced colon carcinogenesis, indicating possible involvement of these dysregulated circRNAs in the development of colitis-induced colon carcinoma. The mmu-circ-001226/mmu-circ-000287-miRNA-mRNA network may provide a potential mechanism for colitis-associated colorectal cancer.

目的：了解患者对急诊就诊标准和急诊分诊的认知度，以及对改进分诊制度的意见，为进一步完善分诊系统提供依据。方法自制调查问卷，在某综合性三甲医院急诊室内对急诊患者进行随机抽样调查问卷。结果共发放230份问卷，有效回收率为96．1％。被调查者只有64．3％是因为突发急症来看急诊，53．4％对调查当日候诊时间表示满意，有49．3％认为分诊的主要依据是病情询问凭经验，39．8％表示同意给病情紧急的病人插队先看，有92．3％的被调查者赞成应该根据病情紧急程度不同分不同诊室不同次序就诊，而只有49．7％的被调查者认为分诊时开简单的化验检查可以提高就诊效率。结论相当一部分患者不了解急诊就诊的标准，对急诊分诊的认知度较低。

目的 了解中山大学2012级新生的急救知识水平,为大学新生的急救知识健康教育提供依据.方法 自行设计问卷,对2 061名中山大学2012年新入学大学新生进行问卷调查,共33项内容,包括急救知识认知情况、急救知识获得途径、影响因素、需求情况和障碍因素.结果 大学新生不知道毒蛇咬伤后如何急救的最多,占67.01％;不懂心肺复苏术的人数次之,占62.54％.掌握拨打120电话的人数最多,占98.16％.影响大学新生急救知识的因素包括地区、学历、家庭教育(P＜0.01);98.06％的大学新生希望掌握急救知识与技能,经过急救知识培训过的大学新生和未经培训的大学新生对急救知识的掌握水平差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),怕传染病和怕被人误解是大学新生实施急救的主要障碍.结论 大学新生需要加强急救知识的学习,包括接受家庭教育和学校教育.

目的了解我校东校区大学新生心理健康状况,以便有针对性的采取心理健康干预措施。方法采用大学生人格问卷(UPI)随机对我校东校区2011级3 371名新生进行调查。结果总共有3 259名新生(其中本科生2 545名,研究生及以上为714名)完成了问卷调查,有效问卷为96.7%。有明显心理问题的第一类学生有388人,占11.9%;有某种心理问题需要引起关注的第二类学生960人,占29.5%;心理健康者1 911人,占58.6%。女生总体的心理健康状况明显比男生差,本科生总体的心理健康状况明显比研究生差。结论大部分新生心理健康状况良好,但仍有相当数量的学生心理健康问题不容忽视。有必要对新生加强心理健康教育。

目的:探讨糖尿病合并高血压的临床特点和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2型糖尿病合并高血压患者与单纯高血压患者的并发症和治疗,并进行对比观察。结果:2型糖尿病合并高血压的并发症多,抗高血压治疗难达标;并发症和病死率高,预后差。结论:2型糖尿病合并高血压应早期干预和治疗、积极控制血糖、降低血压,对减少并发症、降低病死率、改善预后有重要意义。

Objective:To survey the knowledge,attitudes,and practices towards safe medication use of first-year university students,provide the basis for guiding rational use of medicine.Methods:A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 3376 university students by randomization.Three sections of the questionnaire were developed,including 13 true/false questions to measure knowledge,4 questions for attitude in a 5-point scale,and 15 questions for practice in a 5-point scale.Result:A total of 3308 subjects(including 2574 undergraduates,734 graduates and doctoral students)completed the survey instrument for a valid response rate of 97.99%.The mean score on the knowledge portion of the questionnaire was 10.69±1.41.The mean score on the medication practices was 57.28±6.97.Students who had family members practicing as healthcare professionals had safer medication practices than the others.The students showed positive attitudes toward 11.38±2.08 and trusted 3.35±0.84 pharmacists’ consultation.Conclusions:University students lack appropriate knowledge and practices related to the safe use of medications.Education on medication knowledge should be strengthened,so as to improve the rationality of medication practices.

Objective To survey the attitude of first-year university students toward medication consultation,so as to provide more medicine consultation for students,and guide rational drug application.Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to survey 3 376 new students of Sun Yat-sen University randomly.Results A total of 3 308 students(including 2 574 undergraduates,734 graduates and doctoral students) completed the survey questionnaire,the valid response rate was 97.99%.The students showed positive attitudes toward pharmacists' consultation,and the average score was(14.72±2.58).Conclusion Education on medication consultation should be strengthened,so as to improve the rationality of medication practices.

Objective To explore the treatment of cough following acute upper respiratory tract infections. Methods A total of 8 patients with cough subsequent to acute upper respiratory tract infections were assigned to group A and group B at random. The 40 cases in group A were treated with compound methoxyphenamine capsules (ASMETON) combined with ketotifen, while the 40 cases in group B received levofloxacin capsules (ciprofloxacin) combined with Fufang Gancao Heji, both for 10 days. Results The total effective rate of relieving cough was 92.5% in group A, 37.5% in group B. Group A showed significant differences in clinical efficacy compared with group B (P < 0.01). Cough duration of patients in group A was (7.56±3.21) days, (11.78±4.12) days in group B. Group A showed significant differences in cough duration compared with group B (P < 0.05). The incidence rates of adverse reactions were not statistically different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compound methoxyphenamine combined with Ketotifen displays better effects, minor adverse reactions, and better safety in the treatment of cough following acute upper respiratory tract infection, it can be widely used in university clinic.