目的:分析新型冠状病毒肺炎在武汉市的流行特征,建立预测疫情走势模型。方法:采集官方数据填入Excel表中,生成统计图表,计算每日新增确诊病例平均环比增长率和95%可信区间,据此建立数学模型,预测后续每日新增确诊病例数,并与实际发生每日新增确诊病例数进行比较。结果:平均环比增长率（2020年2月14日—3月8日）为-11.01%,标准差为34.52%,95%可信区间常数为±13.81%。以模型Xn=（1+A±B）n×X0预测8 d（2020年3月8日为起点）的乐观预测新增确诊病例数与实际新增确诊病例数高度接近,经统计学检验,两组数据差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论:以平均环比增长率和95%可信区间为参数的Xn=（1+A±B）n×X0数学模型预测每日新增确诊病例数有一定参考意义。

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is one of the most common genitourinary malignancies, with a high rate of recurrence and progression. The prognosis for patients with bladder cancer, especially muscle-invasive bladder cancer, remains poor despite systemic therapy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the underlying disease mechanisms and identify more effective biomarkers for bladder cancer. METHODS: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were applied to identify hub genes correlated with the bladder cancer progression. Survival analyses were then conducted to identify potential biomarkers correlated with the prognosis of bladder cancer. Finally, validation and analysis of these potential biomarkers were conducted by a series of bioinformatics analyses. RESULTS: Based on the results of weighted gene co-expression network analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis, ten hub genes closely correlated with bladder cancer progression were identified in the relevant module. Survival analyses of these genes indicated that elevated expressions of six potential biomarkers (COL3A1, FN1, COL5A1, FBN1, COL6A1 and THBS2) were significantly associated with a worse overall survival. Furthermore, these 6 potential biomarkers were validated in association with the progression of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer samples with higher expression of these genes were most significantly enriched in gene set associated with ECM-receptor interaction. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified several biomarkers associated with bladder cancer progression and prognosis. As novel findings, these may have important clinical implications for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction.

目的 运用生物信息学方法筛选前列腺癌潜在生物标志物.方法 从GEO数据库上下载编号为GSE55945的基因芯片数据集,使用R软件获取差异表达基因,然后通过蛋白互作网络等筛选出枢纽基因并进行初步验证.结果 通过差异基因筛选,得到差异表达基因462个,其中上调基因114个,下调基因348个.基因本体功能富集分析显示差异表达基因主要参与肌肉系统、系统生物过程调节、循环系统等生物过程;京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析显示这些差异表达基因主要涉及粘着斑、蛋白聚糖、cAMP信号通路及钙离子信号通路等通路.通过蛋白互作网络筛选出6个备选枢纽基因,基于TCGA对枢纽基因进一步筛选,最终筛选得到3个枢纽基因:VCL、RND3、RRAS.ROC曲线结果显示枢纽基因能够区分前列腺癌及正常组织(AUC＞0.7,P＜0.001).结论 通过生物信息筛选的得到的枢纽基因可能为前列腺癌进一步研究提供线索,可能成为前列腺癌早期诊断标志物及治疗靶标.

目的 筛选肾透明细胞癌进展相关基因.方法 通过构建共表达网络筛选肾透明细胞癌进展相关基因并进行初步验证.结果 基于GSE36895数据得到2173个差异基因用于构建共表达网络.通过共表达网络确定与肾透明细胞癌进展最相关的棕色模块(r=0.52)为枢纽模块,进一步筛选得到6个枢纽基因TOP2A、CDK1、CDC20、KIF11、CCNB2、BUB1.通过测试集GSE73731数据对枢纽基因进行验证,各枢纽基因表达量与肾透明细胞癌进展均呈显著正相关(P<0.0001);其中CDC20、BUB1对于低级别(gradeⅠ 、Ⅱ)及高级别(gradeⅢ 、Ⅳ)肾透明细胞癌有较高的诊断效能(AUC>0.7,P<0.0001).另外基于TCGA数据,各枢纽基因表达量与肾透明细胞癌病理分期及预后均显著相关.GO富集及KEGG通路分析显示枢纽模块基因显著富集于细胞周期相关生物过程及通路.GSEA显示枢纽基因高表达组主要富集于细胞周期及免疫相关通路.结论 通过WGCNA构建共表达网络筛选得到的6个枢纽基因与肾透明细胞癌进展及预后密切相关,枢纽基因可能通过细胞周期相关通路来影响肾透明细胞癌进展及预后.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic radical cystectomy(LRC) and open radical cystectomy(ORC)for the treatment of bladder cancer.Methods A total of 48 patients received LRC and ileal conduit surgery,and 20 cases of ORC were enrolled for comparison.Results The operation time of the LRC was longer than the ORC,postoperative changes of hemoglobin(HGB).And postoperative intestinal function recovery time,postoperative pelvic catheter time and hospital time of the LRC group were significantly lower than those in the ORC group(P <0.0001).There were no significant differences(P >0.05)in postoperative complications,such as urinary fistula,urinary tract infection and in-testinal adhesion.Conclusion Compared with open radical cystectomy,laparoscopic radical cystectomy has the advantages of less operative blood loss,little injury and pain,and short recovery duration,and might become one of the main operation methods for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Objective To evaluate the erectile function in sexually active male patients receiving laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) and ureteroileal urinary divertion to provide an additional reference for medical intervention .Methods From August 2010 to March 2012, 25 cases of bladder cancer patients who were married men underwent laparoscopic radical+ileal neobladder, all patients with the normal pre-operative sexual function , defined as sexually active males , 10 cases re-ceived neurological reservations bladder cancer radical +ileal neobladder and 15 patients received non-reserved neurological bladder cancer cure +ileal neobladder.Before surgery, assessed these 25 patients erectile function by using the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF-5), after surgery combined with IIEF-5 with reference to male sexual function questionnaire (O’Leary 1995), self-designed questionnaire for post -operative erectile function and related survey were carried out.Results Compared with pre-operative, after 12 months, post-operative 25 cases were unable to achieve an erection can be inserted into the vagina.IIEF-5 total: Reserved neurological group of 10 patients from preoperative (20.60 ±2.22) points to postoperative (1.90 ±1.73) points, the non-reserved neurological group of 15 patients from preoperative (18.73 ±3.83) points to postoperative (3.20 ±4.87) points, there were significantly different between the two groups before and after surgery ( P <0.01).There was no statistically significant difference of 2 group self-designed total score (6.40 ±0.84 vs.6.20 ± 0.78, P >0.05).Conclusion There are higher incidence of erectile dysfunction after radical cystectomy and ureteroileal u -rinary divertion.

很多男性都很在意自己在性生活时能坚持多久不射精,这似乎成了关乎面子和尊严的大问题,就连在文学作品中也把早泄称为丢盔弃甲、败下阵来.但是,有的男性虽然性生活时间很长,却感觉不到“性福”.实际上,射精太慢导致性生活的时间太长其实也是一种性功能障碍,与身体疾病有关,需要引起足够的重视.

This study was aimed to investigate the influence of coital frequency and masturbation on erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese patients. A total of 332 male outpatients with or without ED and volunteers were recruited from Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, China. ED was assessed by using the five-item International Index of Erectile Function scale and the frequency of intercourse by patients’ self-report. After adjusting for lifestyle factors and diseases-related factors, the analyses showed that coital and masturbation in a certain frequency tended to decrease the risk of ED. Men reporting intercourse once a week had lower risk of ED than those did less than once a week, with age, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, smoking, and drinking as covariates (P=0.67, adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.37–1.88). For those reporting coital frequency two times per week and three or more times per week, there were 63% (adjusted OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18–0.77) and 85% (adjusted OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.07–0.35) lower risk of ED than those reporting intercourse frequency less than once per week, respectively (P<0.05). Results indicated that maintaining a regular frequency of intercourse can reduce the risk of ED for males aged among 30 to 75 years.

Objective To investigate the serum prostate specific antigen tPSA),ratio of serum free PSA to total PSA (f/t),prostate volume (PV) and prostate specific antigen density (PSAD),their correlation with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and their clinical diagnostic significance. Methods Retrospectively evaluate 165 cases of patients with PIN ( including 31 cases of LGPIN,134 cases of HGPIN),which confirmed by pathology,and 252 cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH),49 patients with prostate cancer (PCa),both diagnosed by pathology,as control.The average age of BPH,LGPIN,HGPIN,PCa groups were 70.13 ± 0.43,70.97 ± 1.28,70.74 ± 0.64,70.37 ± 1.40,the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were 20.20 ± 0.88,14.71 ± 3.42,20.19 ± 1.239,19.27 ± 2.73,and the PV were 58.07 ± 3.58,56.01 ± 7.52,60.74 ± 4.81,47.56 ± 6.54,respectively.The data of PSA,f/t,PV and PSAD were analyzed and compared within the four groups. Results Age,IPSS score and PV had no significant difference among the four groups (P ＞ 0.05).The PSA level of BPH,LGPIN,HGPIN,PCa groups were 5.65 ±0.38,5.86 ±0.81,8.91 ±0.71,13.80 ±1.83,the f/t ratio were 0.26 ±0.01,0.24 ±0.02,0.22 ±0.01,0.167 ± 0.01,and the PSAD level were 0.11 ± 0.01,0.10 ± 0.02,0.19 ±0.03,0.48 ±0.12,respectively.PSA,f/t and PSAD were not significantly different between HGPIN and LGPIN ( P ＞ 0.05 ),and likewise between LGPIN and BPH patients ( P ＞ 0.05 ).PSA,f/t and PSAD were significantly different between LGPIN and PCa patients ( P ＜ 0.05),and likewise between HGPIN and BPH patients (P ＜ 0.05 ).PSA and PSAD were significantly different between HGPIN and PCa (P ＜ 0.05 ).The areas under the ROC curve of PSA and PSAD of HGPIN were 0.6281 (P ＜0.01 ) and 0.5919 (P ＜0.05).Conclusions PSA and PSAD are correlated with HGP1N and can predict the existence of HGPIN early;PSAD can identify HGPIN and PCa,when PSA and f/t are normal.The clinical features of LGPIN are similar to BPH,and HGPIN is easy to develop to PCa.

我们在体外建立胃液刺激膀胱癌EJ细胞株的研究模型,观察胃液对EJ细胞株血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响,探讨胃液对膀胱癌细胞生长的影响及其机制.

<正>5型磷酸二酯酶(PDE5)抑制剂起先被研究用于心血管疾病,而后则被研发并获准用于按需治疗勃起功能障碍(ED)。数年以前,西地那非被批准用于治疗肺动脉高压,因此重新引起了研究者对PDE5抑制剂治疗心血管疾病的兴趣。而且他达拉非每日一次的治疗方案也被用于治疗ED。鉴于PDE5在人体内的广泛分布并涉及多种生理功能,PDE5抑制剂未来的发展前景又将是怎样的呢?为了探索这一问题,Konstantinos

Objective: To study the influence of angelica sinensis ligustici leech mixturo on the experimental varicocele rats' spermatogenesis.Methods: The effect of angelica sinensi ligustici leech mixture on the experimental rats' left varicocele was observed by microscope.The rats' seminal fluid were analyzed by computer assistant spermatozoa analyze(CASA) system.The content of maleic dialdehyde(MDA) and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were tested in different groups of rats.Results: The injury of testis and spermatic veins of treatment group was much milder than that of in control group in left testicles in the rats.The activity of spermatozoa in treatment group were better than that of the control group(P0.05).The content of MDA in treatment group rats' left testicles was lower than in control group and the activity of SOD were much higher than in control group.The motion parameters of spermatozoa such as curvilinear velocity(VCL),straight-line velocity(VSL) and average path velocity(VAP) were faster than those of control group.Conclusion: The mixture of angelica sinensis ligusitici leech could protect and repair the testis' injury in experimental varicocele,and improve the activity of the experimental rats' end epididymis spermatozoa.The function may associated with antilipid-peroxidation and reinforce the activity of antioxidase.

Objective: To analyze the changes of the level of androgen receptor(AR) expression in order to detect the possible mechanism of the hormonal dependent prostatic cancer transform into the hormonal independent prostatic cancer.Methods: Hormonal dependent cell line LNCaP and hormonal independent cell line PC-3 was cultured in vitro.Expression of AR in hormonal dependent cell line LNCaP and hormonal independent cell line PC-3 of prostatic cancer in normal sodium and 5nmol/L dihydrotestosterone(DHT) was quantitated by flow cytometry.Results: AR was expressed in both cell lines,and the level of AR expression of LNCaP was 85.99±4.97 in normal sodium group and 93.74±3.63 in 5 nmol/L DHT treated group,which were respectively higher than that of PC-3 in normal sodium group(8.52±1.57) and in 5nmol/L DHT treated group (9.52±1.75) with significant difference(both P0.05).The level of AR expression of LNCaP in DHT treated group was significantly higher than that in normal sodium group(P0.05) while the level of AR expression of PC-3 has no difference with that in normal sodium group(P0.05).Conclusion: Hormonal dependent prostatic cancer cell overexpressed AR,meanwhile,DHT may promote its expression of AR.AR scarcely expressed in the hormonal independent prostatic cancer cells and DHT had no influence in its expression of AR.In prostatic carcinoma,the level of AR expression decreased which may be related to the mechanism of the hormonal dependent prostatic cancer transform into the hormonal-independent prostatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of intracavernosal injection of human insulin-like growth-1 (hIGF-1) gene on the erectile function in the aging rat. Methods 9-month-old male SD rats ( n= 35) were divided into 3 groups,the plasmid treated group was given a single intracavernosal injection of 100 μg PCDB-hIGF-1 and 150 μl PBS (n=15),another group was given a single intracavernasol injection of 100 μg pcDNA 3.1-myc-his B and 150 μl PBS (n=10).The control group was injected only 150 μl PBS in the cavernous tissue of the rats.1 or 2 days after injection,the animals underwent cavernous nerve stimulation to assess erectile function,and the responses intensity were compared with those of age matched control rats. In control and transfected aging rats,RT-PCR and western blot were used to detect hIGF-1. Results PCDB-hIGF-1 treated rats had a significantly increased in erectile function,compared with either PCDB only treated rats and PBS only group.The erectile function restoration was postulated as result of hIGF-1 protein expression in cavernous tissue. Conclusions hIGF-1 plays an important role in achieving penile erection.In vivo transfer of hIGF-1 can improve erectile function in the aging rats.

Objective To study the influence of danggui chuanxiong shuizhi mistura on the experimental varicocecle rats' sperm production function.Methods Group the 30 rats randomly in 3 groups :sham operation group ,control group, and treatment group .The rats of control group and treatment group were intrasgatrically administrated with sodium chloride and danggui chuanxiong shuizhi mistura by 10ml/kgod after they were operated for 5 weeks. After 5-week administration, the animals were killed and the left tests were selected. The content of MDA and the activity of SOD were tested. The sperm motion parameter VCL,VSL, VAP, BCF, ALH, LIN, MAD and STR in the cauda epididymis were assessed by computer assistant semem analysis system (CASAS). Results Compared with control group , the content of MDA was lower while the activity of SOD was much higher in treatment group(P<0.05). The parameters of rat sperm VCL , VSL, VAP were improved significantly compared to control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The danggui chuanxiong shuizhi mistura could decrease lipid peroxidation and improve the activity of antioxidase. It could protect the testis from the injury by experimental varicocele and could reduce the injury to the spermatoa by varicocele.

Objective To observe the expression and localization of human insulin-like growth factor-1(hIGF-1) in the smooth muscle cells of rat and give a proof for the gene therapy to the erectile disfunction with insulin-like growth factor-1. Methods PCDB-hIGF-1 was transfected into the corpus carvernosum smooth muscle cells with the presence of lipofectamine 2000.PCDB without carrying any gene and 1% of bovine serum were also transducted into the cells as the controls. hIGF-1 and the protein were detected by RT-PCR,Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence staining were conducted at 24 h after transfection. Results The 392 bp specific band and 14.6 KD protein were detected in the cells transfected the PCDB-hIGF-1 by RT-PCR and Western blot.Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed that the expression of hIGF-1 in the cytoplasma in the corpus carvernosum smooth muscle cells of rat. Conclusions The hIGF-1 can be successfully tranfected into the corpus carvernosum smooth muscle cells of rat,and can express in the cells.The expression of the gene is located in the cytoplasm in the cells.

Objective: To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and its inhibitor tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Protein expression of MMP-2, TIMP-2 and VEGF in 40 RCC tissues was examined by immunohistochemical assay. Results: MMP-2 and VEGF showed an overexpression rate in RCC, but there were no significant differences among different pathological grades and clinical stages. The expression of MMP-2 and VEGF was significantly different between the metastasis group and the non-metastasis group (P＜0.05). A negative correlation was detected between MMP-2 and TIMP-2. TIMP-2 has a inhibitory action on MMP-2. Conclusion: Overexpression of MMP-2 appears to have prognostic significance with respect to the invasion and metastasis of RCC. The effect of MMP-2 can be restrained selectively by TIMP-2. The balance between MMP-2 and TIMP-2 shows an important role in the development and invasion of RCC. VEGF may also serve as a predictor of clinical prognosis and lymph node metastasis.

目的 探讨偶发性肾癌患者的临床特征、诊治方法和影响预后的因素.方法对59例偶发性肾癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,并与99例非偶发性肾癌患者的临床资料进行比较.结果与非偶发性肾癌相比,偶发性肾癌均为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期肿瘤,病理分期低(P＜0.01);平均肿瘤直径(4.2 cm)小(P＜0.01),3年及5年生存率(86.4%,71.2%)高(P＜0.01).结论偶发性肾癌是肾癌未出现临床表现的一个发展阶段,并非肾癌的另一类型.B超和CT是偶发性肾癌的主要诊断方法.病理分期低、瘤体小、早期发现和尽早行根治性肾切除术是偶发性肾癌患者预后较好的重要因素。