We investigated the constitution, abundance and diversity of zooplankton in Niyang River, the branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet, based on season from 2008 to 2009, and taken quantitative analysis to study spatio⁃temporal characteristics of zooplankton and their corresponding to environment using multivariate statistics method􀆰 The results were as follows􀆰 Firstly, zoo⁃ plankton community in Niyang River included protozoa, rotifera, cladocera and copepoda, and there are 9 orders 13 family 14 ge⁃ nus for protozoa, 1 order 7 families 17 genus for rotifera, 1 order 1 family 1 genu for cladocera, and 2 orders 2 families 2 genus for copepoda􀆰 Among them, protozoa is mainly based on Difflugia and Glaucoma, rotifera is mainly based on Rotaria and Monostyla􀆰 Secondly, specie richness and biomass for zooplankton in Niyang River are descending with the elevation􀆰 Meanwhile, biomass, the specie richness and total abundance of zooplankton in summer are low, especially for specie richness in summer, which is lower than that in other seasons, although biomass and total abundance are a bit higher than that in winter􀆰 Influenced by the stability of water in Niyang River, Shannon⁃Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index, which are lowest in summer fol⁃ lowed by winter, are lower at the interchange of river􀆰 Total abundance of seasonal succession for protozoa and rotifera in Niyang River are similar, that is, there are two climaxes which appear in spring and autumn respectively and two troughs which appear in summer and winter respectively􀆰 Thirdly, using Duncan comparison method to judge the difference among sampling sites and sea⁃ sons for specie richness, total abundance, Shannon⁃Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index, there is no significant difference among four sampling sites for four indices mentioned above􀆰 As for seasons, significant difference only exist between au⁃ tumn and winter for total abundance, and there is no significant difference among seasons for the rest three indices􀆰 Fourthly, based on the CCA method, as for protozoa community, dissolved oxygen has a great influence on the density of Difflugia, total dissolved solids has a great influence on the density of Prorodon, Bursellopsis, Colpoda, Glaucoma, Enchelys, ammoniacal nitrogen has a great influence on the density of Euglypha, as for rotifera community, dissolved oxygen has a great influence on the density of Monostyla,Ascomorpha,Enteroplea,Asplanchnopus, total phosphorus has a great influence on the density of keratella􀆰 Last but not least, we predict spatio⁃temporal character of zooplankton in Niyang River and environment factors based on CART method, the re⁃ sults show that, total abundance of zooplankton is influenced by hardness, season, elevation and substrate of watercourse, Shan⁃ non⁃Wiener diversity index is influenced by alkalinity, season, hardness and water temperature, and Pielou evenness index is in⁃ fluenced by alkalinity, total phosphorus and water temperature􀆰 The paper also suggests paying close attention to zooplankton and the environment factors mentioned above owing to their important indication function, in order to warrantee the sustainable develop⁃ ment of Niyang River aquatoriumecology.

The Niyang River, a main tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, is an important and typical plateau river ecosystem in Tibet, China. At present, few studies have focused on its aquatic living resources and river ecology. In this study, the composition, abundance, and diversity of periphytic protozoa were investigated across four seasons from 2008 to 2009 to better understand their spatio-temporal patterns and relationship to the environment. Our investigation shows that periphytic protozoa in the Niyang River contained 15 genera, belonged to Tubulinea, Alveolata, Discosea and Rhizaria, Alveolata possessed most genera, up to nine, with highest share in abundance, exceeding 50%, Difflugia and Glaucoma were dominant genera. Moreover, four diversity indices of periphytic protozoa, including species richness, total abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index, displayed a significant descending trend as the seasons continued, in the order of winter, spring, summer and autumn; with a significant difference existing between winter and summer (or autumn) for Shannon-Wiener diversity index and species richness ( P <0.05). Four of these diversity indices also presented a V-shaped pattern between the upper middle course of the Niyang River and the confluence of the Niyang River and Yarlung Zangbo River, with the lowest value occurred in the middle course of the Niyang River. However, no significant variation was found through the Niyang River ( P >0.05). In addition, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) shows that the densities of Difflugia , Glaucomais , Enchelydium , Cyphoderia , and Enchelys correlate with water temperature, alkalinity, hardness, pH, and dissolved oxygen, respectively. Lastly, the relationship between periphytic protozoa diversity and the environmental factors of the Niyang River can be predicted using classification and regression trees (CART) annalysis, which suggests that the total abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index would be higher when the elevation is above 3 308 m. On the other hand, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index would be lower when pH and ammoniacal nitrogen have lower or higher values. Finally yet importantly, close attention should be paid to periphytic protozoa and its environment to ensure sustainable development of the Niyang River ecosystem.

自2008年11月到2009年10月按照月份监测西藏林芝地区尼洋河水环境特征.结果显示,根据Pearson相关性矩阵,可将尼洋河26项理化指标分为3大类,分别是低度相关性理化指标、中度相关性理化指标和高度相关性理化因子.析因分析显示,可将26项理化指标分为4大类,第1类为尼洋河水体常规的理化指标、第2类为尼洋河水体硬度相关指标、第3类为海拔及第4类为影响水生生物生长的水质理化指标.PCA分析发现,平水期、丰水期以及枯水期水环境特征明显不同,以上3期各自聚为一类,而尼洋河沿程方面,水环境特征则不存在差异.构建了尼洋河海拔、底层水温与相关理化因子的一元回归方程.建议加强对尼洋河水环境的监测工作,积极推进尼洋河水域生态环境的可持续发展进程.

以小球藻为研究对象,利用小球藻比原生动物耐受氧化剂能力强的特点,往被原生动物污染的藻液中添加7组不同浓度的漂白粉,探讨漂白粉处理小球藻液的最适浓度.结果显示:在温度为25℃、光照为2 500 lx、盐度为26的条件下,以均匀泼洒全池后水体漂白粉浓度为15 mg/L时最利于小球藻生长,且能够有效杀除小球藻中的原生动物,藻细胞在2d内逐渐恢复,显微镜观察未发现原生动物,小球藻生长速度显著升高,达到了常规培养的藻细胞浓度.

We have investigated the constitution and abundance of macrozoobenthos in Niyang River,the branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet,based on season from 2008 to 2009,and taken quantitative analysis to study spatio-temporal characteristics of phytoplankton and their corresponding to environment using multivariate statistics method.The results are as follows:Firstly,the main macrozoobenthos in Niyang River are phryganea larvae,Radix sp.,chironomidae larvae.Secondly,based on the method of Duncan test method,there is no significant difference among four sampling sites and seasons as for total abundance,in addition,total abundance of the macrozoobenthos in Niyang River is descending with the elevation ascending.Thirdly,based on the PCA method,as for the sampling sites,the maximum and the minimum total abudance for the macrozoobenthos appear in sampling site Ⅳ and sampling site Ⅱ respectively,as for the seasons,the maximum and the minimum total abudance for the macrozoobenthos appear in the autumn and the winter respectively.Fourthly,based on the CCA method,the relationship between the environmental factors and the macrozoobenthos could be described as two reaches separately,which are the middle-upper reaches and the middlelower reaches.Last but not least,the paper chooses four factors among eleven environmental factors to explain their relationship with total abundance of macrozoobenthos,the four factors are total dissolved solids,total phosphorus,elevation,and season.The paper also suggests paying close attention to macrozoobenthos and the environment factors mentioned above owing to their important indication function,in order to warrantee the sustainable development of Niyang River aquatorium ecology.

Through observing and counting the quantity of algae cells,the article discussed the effect on the growth rate of the algae from different nitrogen and phosphorus sources using Platymonus subcordiformis as the experimental object,sodium nitrate,urea or ammonium sulphate as nitrogen source,potassium dihydrogen phosphate or sodium dihydrogen phosphate as phosphorus source. The results showed that in the culture solution of sodium nitrate,urea,ammonium sulfate,potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate,platymonas subcordiformis could grow normally,especially grow significantly in the urea and sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution. Urea( 0. 0 512) is more effective than sodium nitrate( 0. 0 325) and ammonium sulphate( 0. 0 306) on the growth rate of the algae. In the orthogonal experiment,using disodium hydrogen phosphate and urea as the nitrogen and phosphorus source could significantly promote the algae growth,and at the end of index growth period,the algae cell concentration could reach up to 6. 1 × 105 cell /mL,which was the most ideal bait concentration of flat algae used as live foods.

We have investigated seasonally the constitution,abundance and diversity of phytoplankton in Niyang River,the branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet from 2008 to 2009,and taken quantitative analyses to study spatio-temporal characteristics of phytoplankton and their responses to environment using multivariate statistics method. The results are as follows. Firstly,phytoplankton community in Niyang River belongs to 7 phyla,29 families and 48 genus,among them,Bacillariophyta is the dominant phytoplankton. Secondly,Shannon-Wiener diversity index for Niyang River is suitable to the theory about mid-altitude bulge,which is Shannon-Wiener diversity index( or Pielou evenness index) higher at the middle of Niyang River( or lower reaches of Niyang River),descending at either side of Niyang River. Thirdly,using Duncan comparison method to judge the difference among sampling sites and seasons for species richness,total abundance,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index,there is no significant difference among four sampling sites for four indices mentioned above. However,there is significant difference between the summer and other three seasons for species richness and total abundance. There is also significant difference between the winter and spring for Shannon-Wiener diversity index,and between the winter and other three seasons for Pielou evenness index.Seasonal succession of phytoplankton in Niyang River is mainly defendant on the supplement of exogenous water source,succession along Niyang River have a close relation with substrate of riverbed. Fourthly,based on the CCA method,there is a close relationship between water physical-chemical property and Naviculaceae algae from Bacillariophyta,and between water physical-chemical property and partial algae from Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta. Finally,we predicted the relationships between the total abundance of phytoplankton and environment factors based on CART method,the relationships between Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton and environment factors based on CART method,and the relationships between Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton and environment factors based on CART method. The results reveal that pH value has a strong influence on the total abundance and Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton community in Niyang River. Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton is high at Niyang River sections where pH values are below 8 than those sections where pH values exceed 8. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton community in Niyang River is mainly influenced by substrate of Niyang River,specifically,Shannon-Wiener diversity index for the areas where the substrate is sandstone is higher than those areas where the substrate is clay. The paper also recommends paying close attention to phytoplankton and the environment factors mentioned above owing to their important indication function,in order to warrantee the sustainable development of Niyang River aquatic ecology.

<正>大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris)俗称弹跳鱼、跳跳鱼,又名泥牛、花鱼、泥猴等,属鲈形目、虾虎鱼亚目、弹涂鱼科、大弹涂鱼属。大弹涂鱼是广温、广盐、沿岸两栖的小型暖水经济鱼类,广泛分布于我国沿海、朝鲜、韩国、日本南部、越南、马来西亚沿岸的潮间带区域,在我国主要分布在江、浙、闽、粤、桂及台湾的沿海。大弹涂鱼具有食物链短、病害少

介绍黄鳝网箱集约化生态养殖技术,包括养殖池选择与改造、网箱设置及相关配套、移植水草、鳝种选择与投放、驯食、日常管理、水质调控与病害防治等方面内容,以为黄鳝养殖户提供参考。

We have seasonally investigated the constitution,abundance and diversity of periphytic algae(PA) in Niyang River,the branch of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet from year of 2008 to 2009,and taken quantitative analysis on the spatio-temporal PA characteristics and their relationships with environment factors using multivariate statistics method.The results are listed as follows.Firstly,PA in Niyang River belongs to 6 phyla 30 families 49 genus,among which bacillariophyta is dominant.Secondly,Shannon-Wiener diversity pattern for Niyang River justified the theory of mid-altitude bulge,with higher Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the middle of the river.Thirdly,using Duncan comparison method to judge the difference among sampling sites and seasons for species richness,total abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index,there are no significant differences among four sampling sites for three indices mentioned above.In terms of sampling season,there is no significant difference for total abundance.There is significant difference between autumn and winter for species richness,and also significant difference exists between summer,autumn and winter,spring for Shannon-Wiener diversity index.Fourthly,based on the PCA method,total abundance and species richness of periphytic algae descended with the elevation ascending.Even more,based on the CCA method,portion of bacillariophyta and chlorophyta are related with environment factors.Last but not least,we predict the relationship between total PA abundance and environment factors,and the relationship between PA Shannon-Wiener diversity and environment factors based on CART method.The results reveal that PA total abundance from lower elevation of Niyang River is higher than that of higher elevation,and total abundance from higher degree of mineralization of Niyang River is lower than that in lower degree of mineralization.The environment factors that influence the PA quantity should not be applied to PA Shannon-Wiener diversity index.This paper also suggests paying close attention to PA and the environment factors mentioned above owing to their important indication function,in order to warrantee the sustainable development of Niyang River aquatorium ecology.

林芝地区地处西藏东南雅鲁藏布江中下游,境内河流面积5.23万公顷,湖泊面积2.55万公顷.长期以来.林芝地区渔业主要以捕捞业为主,但产量一直较低,近年来,随着与内地交流的日益频繁,水产养殖业得到较快发展,但总体规模依然很小.2009年,全地区水产品总产量仅为108.7吨,其中养殖产量68吨,捕捞产量40.7吨.主要养殖品种有鲤鱼、草鱼、鲢鱼、革胡子鲶等;主要捕捞品种有裂腹鱼、鲫鱼等.

The fertilized eggs were collected in Schizothorax oconnori by hormone injection and dry-fertilization, and were hatched at temperature 13.0-14.5℃.The embryonic and larval development of Schizathorax oconnori were observed consecutively,during which the morphological feature and development characteristics were described. The adhesive egg were found to be about glutinous,light yellow in color,and(2.92±0.16)mm in diameter, (3.72±0.31)mm 35 min after fertilization and inflation.The larvae were hatched 193.22 h after fertilization at water temperature of 13.0-14.5℃,and the newly hatched larvae had mean total length of(8.97±0.31)mm, and initial feeding in 10 days.There was distinct difference in the embryonic development rate,with an incubation period of 92.83 h.

The study was conducted on the technology of large scale artificial propagation and renewal cultivation of mature wild broodstock of Schizothorax o′connori after spawning from April fo June in 2010.Artificial fertilization of 108 females was conducted by dry-method,and the total 1040 thousand eggs were obtained,and 620 thousand larvae were hatched.There were 45 females naturally ovulating 468 thousand eggs without receiving hormone injection,and its average fertilization rate and hatching rate were lower than the induced spawning.83 females were injected by external hormone to induce them to spawn,and the induced spawning rates ranged from 53.3% to 86.4%,and reproduced 570 thousand eggs,and some injected hormone females could spawn spontaneously.The combination of exterior hormones was the combination of DOM and LRHRH-A3,with one injection.The injection dosage was(10~12)mg DOM+(20~24)μg LHRH-A3/kg female fish body weight,and with two injections,the first injection dosage was(2~3)mg DOM+(4~6)μg LHRH-A3/kg female fish body weight,and the second was(10~12)mg DOM+(20~24)μg LHRH-A3/kg female fish body weight.The ovary development of different wild S.o′connori was outer-sync,and the optimum time range of artificial fertilization was 34.5~81.43 h under the temperature of 13.8~16 ℃,and had distinct difference for the different females injected at the same time.The average survival rate of broodstocks after spawning was 56.5%.

为推广网箱无公害大黄鱼养殖技术,我们在福建省三都湾内的盐田港溪尾海区开展了生产性网箱养殖大黄鱼试验,现将有关情况总结如下:

黑鲍是福州市水产科学研究所从日本引进的盘鲍(Haliotis discus discus)与我国的皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)杂交所产生的新品种.黑鲍具有生长快、抗逆性强、肉质好等杂交优势,它的选育成功促进了我省鲍养殖业的发展.目前我省黑鲍养殖发展迅速,已形成一大产业,是沿海渔民发家致富的生财之道.现将黑鲍人工苗种繁育技术介绍如下:

为了探索人工培育黑脊倒刺鲃(两广俗称光倒刺鲃)鱼种的技术措施,我们于2002年7月21日至2003年4月19日,利用闲置甲鱼池开展人工培育黑脊倒刺鲃鱼种试验.现将试验情况总结如下:

黑脊倒刺鲃(Spinibabus calddwelli Nichols)俗名青棍、黄娟鱼、军鱼、娟鱼、光鱼、石娟、君鱼、白鲤、粗鱗,分类学上属于鲤形目、鲤科、鲃亚科、倒刺鲃属,分布于长江以南的钱塘江、九龙江、珠江、九江、闽江、赣江、汀江等水系和台湾、海南省.福建、浙江、江西等地俗称的"军鱼"、"光鱼"、"娟鱼"以及两广俗称的"光倒刺鲃"的学名即为黑脊倒刺鲃.黑脊倒刺鲃肉质肥厚,味道鲜美,颇受群众欢迎.鱼汤有清凉、消暑、解毒功效,卵用热水浸泡外敷,能止血.在福建市场,目前出池价一般可达18～26元/Kg.

据日本水产综合研究中心的网站报道,该中心下属的养殖研究所在全球首次人工培育鳗鲡白仔苗种获得成功.目前人工培育出的变态白仔苗生长正常,最大个体达612日龄,全长超过20厘米,外形与成鳗相似,已实现了人工生产鳗鲡白仔苗作为养殖用苗的世界性梦想.

大黄鱼是宁德市支柱产业,销售网络遍布全国各地,有一定的知名度,为闽东大黄鱼走向全国作出巨大贡献.