长期以来,"小鱼养大鱼"观念在养殖从业人员心中根深蒂固.但随着养殖规模不断扩大,"小鱼养大鱼"之弊日益凸显:对"小鱼"的高需求带来渔业资源的破坏;较高的饵料系数;散失的饵料进而影响海洋环境、污染养殖海域水质;"小鱼"易腐败的特性带来养殖病害暴发,水产品质量安全问题接踵而至……直到水产配合饲料的诞生,有效解决了上述问题,水产配合饲料取代"小鱼"已成为必然趋势.

大黄鱼作为我国特有的地方性鱼类,随着养殖规模的扩大和养殖产量的增加,其产品质量安全问题也时有发生.为促进福建省大黄鱼产业健康可持续发展,本文通过走访调研相关企业,分析当前质量安全监管工作面临的新形势和新问题,对已取得的工作成效与经验进行归纳整理,并提出今后改善大黄鱼产品质量安全管理工作的对策,以期为促进福建省大黄鱼产业的高质量发展尽绵薄之力.

采用物理共混方法制备了3种加工流动性的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)颗粒,用熔体纺丝法制备了拉伸强度为917.2 MPa的UHMWPE单丝.通过分别对改性UHMWPE颗粒进行熔体流动速率测试和对改性UHMWPE单丝进行力学性能测试,分析了加工助剂含量对UHMWPE流动性的影响,以及拉伸倍率对熔体纺丝单丝拉伸强度的影响.实验结果表明,当流动助剂含量为3％和5％时,UHMWPE流动性较低,并且初生丝熔体破裂现象较严重;当流动助剂含量为4％时,UHMWPE熔体流动速率最大可达到0.921 6 g/10 min,采用该配方原料熔融挤出初生丝的表面状态最佳.高倍热拉伸实验表明,随着拉伸倍率的提高,UHMWPE单丝拉伸强度先升高后降低,当拉伸强度达到最高值时,拉伸倍率为21倍,单丝断裂伸长率随拉伸倍率升高逐渐降低.

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea),又称黄花鱼、黄瓜鱼、黄鱼等.因体色金黄、肉质细嫩、营养丰富,广受海内外消费者喜爱. 大黄鱼是我国最大养殖规模的海水鱼,人工养殖主要集中在福建,浙江和广东也有少量养殖.福建省宁德市是我国大黄鱼产业的发源地和规模最大的养殖基地,以大黄鱼为主打品牌的水产业是闽东地区的支柱产业.

在(25±1)℃水温条件下,按照鲫体质量为3.0 mg/kg的剂量,混饲投喂地克珠利,每天1次,连用5d,并于第5天投喂后0.5、1、1.5、2、3、5、7、10、12、15、18、24、36、48、72、120、240、360、480、720、1 080、1 440、2 160、2 880、3 600 h采集鲫的血浆和肌肉样品,用高效液相色谱法测定血浆和肌肉中的药物浓度,研究了地克珠利在鲫体内的药代动力学特征.结果表明,鲫混饲投喂地克珠利后,其血浆和肌肉中地克珠利经时过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,其理论方程分别为C血浆=9.89e-6.710E-3t+ 3.66e-9.04E-4t-0.74e-4.379t,C肌肉=1.026e-6.379E-2t+0.1001e-153E-2t-1.82e-5566t.鲫血浆和肌肉的达峰时间(Tmax)分别为11.11和11.00 h,峰浓度(Cmax)分别为30.58和1.108 mg/L,药时曲线下面积(AUC)分别为16 783和20.05 mg/(L·h),消除半衰期(T1/2β)分别为827.6、45.41 h.实验结果表明地克珠利在鲫体内代谢缓慢.本研究为鲫的实际养殖过程中合理使用地克珠利提供理论依据,同时也为地克珠利在其他水产品中残留量的测定及药代动力学的研究提供技术支持.

In order to study the metabolism and elimination of Oxytetracycline hydrochloride ( OTC ) in hy-brid tilapia ( Oreochromis aureus × O. niloticus) , single oral administration at dose of 15 mg/kg of OTC has been investigated in healthy hybrid tilapias at (25 ± 2)℃. The result demonstrated that plasma concentration-time data of OTC were best fitted using a two-compartmental open model. Absorption, distribution and elimination half-life were 4. 79, 4. 10 and 45. 20 h, respectively. The maximal plasma concentration was 1. 50 μg/mL, peaking at 7. 30 h. Area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve was 42. 35 μg·h/mL. As an edible tissue, muscle was selected as target tissue in this experiment. The maximum residue limit ( MRL) is 0. 1 mg/kg in muscle, the withdrawal time ( WDT) should not be less than 10 days under this ex-periment condition.

Stock enhancement is an important way to restore fishery resources, conserve biological diversity, improve water eco-environment and promote sustainable utilization of fishery resources.Stock enhancement activities were widely carried out in many countries,which were not scientific to some extent and effects were not good sometimes due to insufficient study and knowledge on restock enhancement technology and management.To find the scientific and effective way of stock enhancement and guide the work more effectively, the major factors influencing the effects of fishery resources stock enhancement and the key points were discussed based on comprehensive analysis of literatures and practical cases.And good measures or experiences were suggested in this paper, which included:determination of appropriate seed sizes and releasing quantity; selection of suitable habitat condition for releasing; guarantee health of the seed, appropriate transportation used and good operation for seed releasing; determination of appropriate releasing time;reinforcement of stock enhancement successive management, establishment of scientific and effective conservation measures to protect water environment and populations.

于2013-2014年在三沙湾选择增殖放流区Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区,开展了2批次的缢蛏增殖放流,计放流缢蛏苗数量约3747万粒.采用对缢蛏生长、生物量动态变化和滩涂底质主要因子跟踪监测的方法,开展对缢蛏增殖放流效果的评估.研究结果,2个增殖放流区的缢蛏密度和缢蛏生物量都比对照区有极显著提高,共收获65吨缢蛏大规格苗,增殖放流产出比为1∶8.0-9.0,获得了一定的资源增殖效果和经济效益.放流期间,滩涂底泥中的氧化还原电位、硫化物和有机碳等浓度在增殖区Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区和对照区之间都无显著差异(P＞0.05),但,底泥中Ⅰ区、Ⅱ区的氧化还原电位平均值分别比对照区提高了26％和18％,硫化物浓度平均值分别比对照区降低了45％和34％,有机碳浓度平均值分别比对照区下降了5.8％和6.8％,表明,缢蛏增殖放流获得了一定的改良底质环境效果.

罗非鱼是福建省传统养殖品种,年养殖产量超10万多吨,但养殖区域多集中在漳州、福州地区,而南平、三明、龙岩闽西北内陆地区却鲜有人养.这种区域养殖差异是因为内陆山区温度偏低,罗非鱼养殖周期短,商品鱼规格达不到市场要求而无法被养殖者接受所致.新吉富罗非鱼经多年选育,与普通罗非鱼比较,生长优势明显,是农业部审定并推荐推广的养殖新品种,2012年福建省水产技术推广总站在参与福建省罗非鱼种业创新与产业化工程项目实施中,利用新吉富罗非鱼生长特性,在闽西北地区开展试养示范,并对池塘、鱼种、饲养等技术要求进行规范,建立养殖模式,为闽西北地区罗非鱼养殖提供借鉴与参考.

In order to study the metabolism and elimination of albendazole and its metabolites European eels(Anguilla anguilla) were immersed with albendazole at a dose of 2mg/kg for 36h and kept at water temperature of 25±2℃.The results showed that plasma concentration-time data of albendazole and albendazole sulphoxide were best fitted to a two-compartmental open model.Albendazole sulphone was best fitted to one-compartmental open model.Elimination half-life of albendazole,albendazole sulphoxide and albendazole sulphone were 34.15,99.34,46.00h,respectively.The maximal plasma concentrations were 3.887,6.830,1.738 mg/L,respectively.The time to peak concentrations were 7.27,18.00,40.67 h,respectively.Area under the plasma drug concentration-time curves were 129.71,921.95,236.58 mg.h/L,respectively.As an edible tissue,muscle was selected as target tissue in this experiment.The maximum residue limit(MRL) of Ministry of Agriculture is 100μg/kg in muscle,the withdrawal time should not be less than 23 days under this experiment condition.

The tolerance range of the glass eels of Anguilla bicolor to water temperature were tested to be 3-39℃,and the most suitable temperature ranged from 13℃ to 35℃.The tolerance to salinity and pH were studied at water temperature of 10℃,20℃ and 30℃.At 20℃,the suitable salinity range was 0-1.9% and the limit salinity was 2.1%;the suitable pH range was 4.0-9.0,and limit pH was 3.0 and 10.0.At 30℃,the suitable salinity range and limit salinity were 0-1.7% and 2.0%,the suitable pH range was 4.5-8.5,and the limit pH were 3.5 and 10.5,Under the unsuitable water temperature condition of 10℃,the suitable salinity range and limit salinity were 0-1.6% and 1.9%,the suitable pH range and limit pH were 5.0-7.5 and 4.0,10.0,all of which were lower than those under suitable water temperature.

At water temperature of(25±1)℃,Anguilla anguilla was administered orally with oxolinic acid(OA) in single dose of 20 mg/kg or by medicated bath in 5 mg/L for 18 hours.The concentration of OA in the plasma and muscle of the eels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography and the pharmacokinetics of OA in eels in different ways of administration were studied.The results showed that after oral administration,the plasma and muscle concentration-time course of OA conformed to a one-compartment open model with the first order absorption.The pharmacokinetic equations were as follows:Cplasma=8.0560(e-0.00181t-e-0.00250t),Cmuscle=2.9347(e-0.00176t-e-0.00217t);after medicated bath,the plasma and muscle concentration-time course of OA both conformed to a two-compartment open model with the first order absorption.The pharmacokinetic equations were as follows,:Cplasma=1.8100e-0.0042t+0.5548 e-0.00143t-2.70 e-0.3007t,Cmuscle=1.2779e-0.0082t+0.0394 e-0.000721t-6.35 e-0.1202t.According to the maximum residue limit(MRL)of 50 μg/kg,the withdrawl period should be no less than 114 days under oral administration and no less than 71days under medicated bath.

In order to study the metabolism and elimination of norfloxacin(NFX) in hybrid tilapias(Oreochromis aureus×O.niloticus),single oral administration at dose of 20 mg·kg-1 had been investigated in healthy tilapia at(25±2)℃.The result demonstrated: Plasma concentration-time datas of NFX were best fitted using a two-compartmental open model.Absorption,distribution and elimination half-life were 1.30,1.97 and 26.36 hours,respectively.The maximal plasma concentration was 0.546 μg·mL-1,peaking at 2.715 hour.Area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve was 14.491 μg·h·mL-1.As an edible tissue,muscle was selected as target tissue in this experiment.The maximum residue limit(MRL) is 10 μg·kg-1 in muscle,the withdrawal time should not be less than 55 days under this experiment condition.

In order to study the pharmacokinetics of Sulfadiazine(SD) in European eels(Anguilla anguilla),the eels were treated orally with Sulfadiazine-blended feeds at a single dose of 300mg·kg-1 body weight at water temperature of(25±1)℃.The SD concentrations of plasma and muscle were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The results showed that both the plasma and muscle concentration-time course of SD conformed to a two-compartment open model with the first order Absorption.The pharmacokinetic equations were as follows: Cplasma =196.16e-0.0308t+ 44.028 e-0.0067t-7.9584e-0.0871t,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were:T1/2ka was 7.9584h;T1/2a,22.473h;T1/2β,104.27h;Tmax,21.512h;Cmax,100.51mg·L-1.Cmuscle=0.077e-0.061t+34.545e-0.015t-3.8399e-0.181t,the main pharmacokinetic parameters were: T1/2ka was 3.8399h;T1/2a,11.277h;T1/2β,46.210h;Tmax,15.762h and Cmax was 25.024mg·kg-1.According to the maximum residual limit(MRL)of 20μg·kg-1,the withdrawl period should not be less than 48 days under this experiment condition.

Research on culture biology characteristics of Anguilla mossambica Peters is carried out after morphological species-identification.Tolerance temperature of Anguilla mossambica is 7℃～39℃,and the optimum living temperature is 15℃～33℃.Tolerance salinity is relevant to water temperature: lethal salinity is 2.9% at 30℃,2.7% at 20℃,2.1% at 10℃;while the suitable salinity is less than 1.1% at 30℃,less than 1.8% at 20℃ and less than 2.0% at 10℃.Tolerant pH value is relevant to water temperature: the suitable pH value is 6.0～7.0 at 30℃,6.0～8.0 at 20℃,5.5～8.5 at 10℃,while lethal pH value is 3.5 and 11.0 at 30℃,4.0 and 11.0 at 20℃,3.5 and 10.5 at 10℃.As for safety concentration,drugs include S high poly-iodide,chloride dioxide,tri-chloroisocyanuric acid,ammonium bromide,bromo-chloro-dimethyl,formalin and trichlorfon should be higher than the frequently-used concentration,while drugs include mebendazole,deltamethrin,cypermethrin,and bluestone should be lower.Safety concentration of non-ionized ammonia in water is 2.51 mg/L,and nitrite nitrogen is 55.12mg/L.