Objective:To apply the more accurate technique for mandibular superimposition and provide a valuable reference for the assessment of mandibular tooth movement and condylar remodeling before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods:This retrospective study involved 38 adult patients who underwent two cone beam computer tomography (CBCT) scans at different stages of treatment at Fujian Provincial People's Hospital between September, 2020 and December, 2022. The software Dolphin was used for mandible segmentation, enabling voxel-based mandibular superimposition with the mandibular ramus as the reference region. The Geomagic Wrap software was employed to process surface-based mandibular superimposition with the mandibular ramus as a reference. Additionally, the voxel and surface-based methods were compared for precision, with the mandibular ramus being the reference. Results:After voxel-based mandibular superimposition using the mandibular ramus as a reference, with all measurement errors (< 0.20 mm). In contrast, the results of surface-based mandibular superimposition with the same reference, and the measurement errors were all less than 0.10 mm. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed statistically significant differences between AS1 and BS1, AS2 and BS2, AS3 and BS3, and AS4 and BS4 (all r< 0.05). Moreover, the absolute mean distances of AS1-AS4 were all greater than those of BS1-BS4. Conclusion:All mandibular superimposition procedures, including the voxel- and surface-based ones using the mandibular ramus as a reference, have acceptable surface errors (< 0.20 mm), indicating the good reliability of these techniques. Under the specified conditions, surface-based mandibular superimposition appears to yield a higher degree of precision compared with the voxel-based technique.

Objective: To investigate the effect of micro-implant anchorage combined with a clear aligner on the efficiency of mandibular molar distalization and the protection of anterior teeth anchorage, provide reference for clinical scheme design. Methods: This is a prospective study. Seventeen patients who were treated in the Orthodontics Department of the Hospital of Stomatology affiliated to Fujian Medical University from 2019 to 2021 and used Invisalign clear aligners to move mandibular molars distally were included and divided into two groups according to anchorage types: Group-A and Group-B. Group-A (ten cases) were treated without micro-implant anchorage, while Group-B (seven cases) were treated with micro-implant anchorage nails for enhanced anchorage. The effect of micro-implant anchorage on crown and root distal movement of mandibular molars and the difference in three-dimensional movement between mandibular molars and mandibular central incisors were analyzed. Results: The crown distalization efficiency of mandibular first and second molars in Group-B was 68.66% and 71.02%, respectively, which were higher than those in Group-A(p<0.05). The mandibular central incisors in Group-A showed labial displacement and a small amount of elongation, while those in Group-B showed less anchorage loss(p<0.05). In Group-A, the crown was tilted in the distal direction and moved in the buccal direction during mandibular molar distalization(p<0.05). While in Group-B, the crown was tilted in the distal directio (p<0.05) and the mandibular second molar was depressed(p<0.05). Conclusion: In the process of mandibular molar distalization assisted by micro-implant anchorage combined with a clear aligner, better protects the anchorage of the mandibular central incisor and improves the efficiency of the molar crown distalization.

目的 通过动物实验分析慢性牙周炎对2型糖尿病虚证-血瘀证中医证候演变的影响.方法 2022 年 6-12 月选用 30只 8 周龄雄性健康的清洁级白色封闭群大鼠(sprague dawley,SD),体质量为 180～220 g.将所有SD大鼠分为糖尿病组及糖尿病合并牙周炎组,使用链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)+高脂饲料喂养的方式建立糖尿病动物模型,丝线结扎+Pg涂菌法构建牙周炎动物模型.通过大鼠多项外观表征信息进行中医证候分析,检测血糖、血脂、血清炎症因子水平等及血液流变学分析;动物安乐死后取主动脉组织进行病理切片分析,逆转录聚合酶链反应(reverse tran-scriptase PCR,RT-PCR)检测Toll样受体-4(Toll like receptor-4,TLR-4)、核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子α(α-tumor necrosis factor,TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin 6,IL-6)mRNA表达水平,Western blot检测TLR-4、NF-κB、人核因子κB抑制蛋白α(inhibitory subunit of NF kappa B alpha,IκBα)、磷酸化IκB激酶-α(phosphorylation iκB kinase-αP-iκBα,p-IκBα)蛋白的水平.结果 两组大鼠证候分型比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).两组大鼠空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、总胆固醇(total cholestero,TC)、三酰甘油(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL)、全血低切黏度、全血中切黏度、全血高切黏度、血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原、C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞介素-1(interleukin 1,IL-1)、IL-6、TNF-α,TLR-4、NF-κB、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA表达水平与TLR-4、NF-κB、IκBα、p-IκBα蛋白表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 牙周炎可经由TLR4/NF-κB信号通路参与糖尿病发生发展,因此基于TLR4/NF-κB通路对牙周炎与糖尿病的互作机制探究,进一步加强对糖尿病患者的牙周管理、对症治疗及口腔卫生指导对糖尿病牙周炎患者进行有效预防和联合治疗.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of periodontal initial therapy combined with orthodontic treatment on anterior tooth function and inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid in patients with periodontal disease induced anterior tooth displacement.Methods:This was a clinical comparative study. A total of 140 patients with anterior teeth displacement caused by periodontal disease in Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to May 2022 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group received periodontal initial therapy, and those in the study group were provided with orthodontic treatment on the basis of initial therapy. Further comparative analysis was performed focusing on the clinical effects of the two groups, the changes of probing depth, anterior overjet degree, oral function and inflammatory factors in gingival crevicular fluid before and after treatment.Results:The efficacy of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(p=0.00). After treatment, the probing depth, the anterior overjet degree and the rate of bleeding on probing in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P=0.00). Furthermore, the proportion of tooth mobility degrees I, II and III in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group after treatment(P<0.05). The levels of post-treatment inflammatory factors in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(p=0.00).Conclusion:Periodontal initial therapy combined with orthodontic treatment has a significant effect on anterior teeth displacement caused by periodontal disease, which deserves promotion clinically.

Objectives:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of highly agglutinative staphylococcin combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on patients with intermediate or advanced oral cancer.Methods:A total of 80 patients with intermediate or advanced oral cancer treated in Affiliated People's Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to January 2022 were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment choice, with 40 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given paclitaxel combined with cisplatin chemotherapy regimen: paclitaxel 150 mg/m2 and cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on Day-1, with 28 days as one cycle of chemotherapy for a total of three cycles. Patients in the experimental group received intramuscular injection of 500U highly agglutinative staphylococcin once a day for two weeks on the basis of chemotherapy, and continued the next course of treatment after 1 week of withdrawal, with a total of two courses. After treatment, the therapeutic effect, adverse drug reactions, changes in tumor markers such as CEA, NSE, CA19-9 and CA125 before and after treatment, as well as differences in levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ of T lymphocyte subsets between the two groups before and after treatment were compared and analyzed.Results:The total efficacy of the experimental group was 80%, which was significantly better than 57.5% of the control group (P=0.03). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in the experimental group was 17.5%, while that in the control group was 42.5%, showing a statistically significant difference (P=0.02), and the WBC count decreased more significantly in the control group (P=0.04). CEA, NSE, CA19-9 and CA125 decreased significantly in the experimental group after treatment compared with the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.00). Moreover, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the experimental group after treatment were significantly higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (CD3+, P=0.03; CD4+, P=0.00; CD4+/CD8+, P=0.00), while CD8+ did not change significantly (P=0.95).Conclusions:Highly agglutinative staphylococcin combined with chemotherapy is a safe and effective treatment regimen with definite curative effect for patients with intermediate or advanced oral cancer. With such a regimen, tumor markers are remarkably reduced, immune function can be significantly improved, and adverse reactions will be evidently reduced.

目的 探讨2型糖尿病对慢性牙周炎患者血细胞及凝血机制的影响.方法 选取2020年8月—2021年7月该院口腔科收治2型糖尿病合并慢性牙周炎患者102例作为观察组,选择同期在该院治疗的慢性牙周炎患者102例作为对照组,比较两组患者的血细胞和凝血机制情况.结果 观察组患者PLT、WBC及MPV水平较对照组增高,RBC、PDW水平较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组患者vWF、TT和FIB水平较对照组降低,PT、APTT较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者血糖水平与RBC呈显著相关;对照组患者的血糖与PLT、WBC、PDW、MPV、PT、APTT呈显著性相关,与vWF、TT和FIB呈高度相关;观察组患者的血糖与PLT、WBC、PDW、MPV、PT、APTT呈高度相关,vWF、TT和FIB呈显著性相关.2型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者血糖与RBC、PLT、WBC、PDW、MPV相关程度高于2型糖尿病患者,但2型糖尿病伴慢性牙周炎患者血糖与vWF、PT、APTT、TT和FIB相关程度低于2型糖尿病患者.结论 2型糖尿病对慢性牙周炎患者的血细胞和凝血机制均有影响,临床可根据血常规和凝血指标进行诊断和针对性治疗.

目的:探讨美学区单牙即刻种植、早期种植与常规种植的临床效果.方法:选择本院2017年5月～2019年5月上前牙单牙种植修复的患者55例,其中19例为即刻种植组(II)、17例为早期种植组(EI),19例常规种植为对照组(CI);修复完成6个月后复诊,观察并记录种植体留存率、改良龈沟出血指数(mSBI)、红色美学指数(PES).采用SPSS 25软件,非参数资料使用K-W检验,计量资料使用方差分析,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果:根据Albrektsson的标准,55例种植体均留存,CI、II、EI组种植体留存率均为100％.II组PES为(10.05±1.026),EI组PES为(10.00±1.118),均显著高于对照组(8.63±1.065),P<0.05;II组与EI组PES无明显差异(P=0.884).结论:上颌前牙单牙缺失的种植治疗,即刻种植或早期种植均可在修复后短期取得更高的PES.

目的 在兔糖尿病模型基础上建立微量牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)内毒素血症模型,评价Pg-LPS感染对肾损害的影响及其分子机制.方法 将20只新西兰兔随机分为正常对照组、DM+ND+Pg-LPS组(糖尿病建模+普通饲料+Pg-LPS注射)、DM+HD组(糖尿病建模+高脂饲料)、DM+HD+Pg-LPS组(糖尿病建模+高脂饲料+Pg-LPS注射),每组5只.除正常对照组外,其余各组均给予四氧嘧啶(ALX)诱导糖尿病动物模型.糖尿病建模后,DM+HD组和DM+HD+Pg-LPS组喂养高脂饲料,DM+ND+Pg-LPS组及DM+HD+Pg-LPS组行微量Pg-LPS兔耳缘静脉注射.比较四组动物不同时间的空腹血糖、24 h尿量、尿蛋白(Upro)、血肌酐水平、肌酐清除率(CCr)、尿素氮(BUN)、外周血CRP、TNF-α水平、TLR4及NF-κBp65蛋白表达情况.结果 建模后第1天、第4、8周末,DM+ND+Pg-LPS组、DM+HD组、DM+HD+Pg-LPS组的空腹血糖均高于正常对照组(P<0.01).建模后第4、8周末,DM+ND+Pg-LPS组、DM+HD组、DM+HD+Pg-LPS组的24 h尿量、Upro均高于正常对照组,且DM+HD+Pg-LPS组高于DM+ND+Pg-LPS组与DM+HD组(P<0.01).建模后第4、8周末,DM+ND+Pg-LPS组、DM+HD+Pg-LPS组的血肌酐、BUN水平高于正常对照组与DM+HD组,CCr低于正常对照组与DM+HD组,且DM+HD+Pg-LPS组的血肌酐、BUN水平高于DM+ND+Pg-LPS组,CCr低于DM+ND+Pg-LPS组(P<0.01).建模后第4、8周末的CRP、TNF-α水平及建模后第8周末的TLR4、NF-κBp65表达水平比较,正常对照组<DM+HD组<DM+ND+Pg-LPS组<DM+HD+Pg-LPS组(P<0.01).结论 微量Pg-LPS静脉注射可以加速糖尿病兔模型的肾功能损害,其机制可能与Pg-LPS诱发兔外周血及肾脏局部的炎症免疫反应相关.

目的 观察针刺结合"三步康复法"治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床疗效.方法 收集福建中医药大学附属人民医院就诊的颞下颌关节紊乱病患者90例,采用随机数字表法分为针刺组、手法组、联合组各30例,分别予针刺、"三步康复法"和针刺配合"三步康复法"治疗.隔天1次,3次/周,3周为1个疗程,1个疗程后比较3组疗效、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分和Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数评分指标中颞下颌关节功能障碍指数(DI)、肌肉压痛指数(PI)、颞下颌关节紊乱指数(CMI)的变化情况.结果 ①VAS评分:3组治疗后均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),针刺组和联合组降低程度显著优于手法组(P<0.01);②Fricton颞下颌关节紊乱指数评分指标:3组治疗后DI、PI、CMI均较治疗前降低(P<0.01),联合组和手法组DI降低程度显著高于针刺组(P<0.01),联合组和针刺组PI降低程度显著高于手法组(P<0.05),联合组CMI降低程度显著高于针刺组(P<0.01)和手法组(P<0.05).结论 三种治疗方法在改善颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床症状及功能方面都具有良好疗效,针刺结合"三步康复法"在改善颞下颌功能方面更具优势.

目的 探讨和分析牙周病与全身系统性疾病的可能相关机制.方法 选取福建中医药大学附属人民医院进行口腔检查的547例患者作为研究对象,对所有研究对象实施口腔检查,同时调查患者的全身健康史.结果 口腔检查结果显示牙周病患者占88.67％,无牙周病患者占11.33％.牙周病组患者心血管疾病、糖尿病、消化道疾病等各类系统性疾病发病率均高于非牙周病组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 牙周病与全身系统性疾病发生及发展可能存在一定的关联,因此,牙周病患者应及早采取疾病控制措施,保持口腔健康,对于维持其他脏器功能以及身心健康均有重要价值.

目的 探讨牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Pg)菌血症对兔糖尿病模型肾损害进程的影响.方法 20只雄性新西兰兔随机分为4组,Control组(正常对照组)、DM+ND+Pg组(糖尿病建模+普通饲料+Pg注射)、DM+HD组(糖尿病建模+高脂饲料)、DM+HD+Pg组(糖尿病建模+高脂饲料+Pg注射),除Control组外,其余各组均给予四氧嘧啶诱导兔糖尿病模型构建.成模后,DM+HD组和DM+HD+Pg组喂养高脂饲料(普通饲料+4％猪油+1％胆固醇).Control组和DM+ND+Pg组给予普通饲料,DM+ND+Pg组及DM+HD+Pg组行Pg菌悬液(108 CFU,0.1 mL/kg)兔耳缘静脉注射.Control组及DM+HD组行静脉注射0.9％生理盐水.注射频率3次/周,连续进行8周.分别于Pg注射前及注射后4周、8周测空腹血糖(FBG)水平,比较各组新西兰兔24 h尿量,检测尿蛋白(Upro)、血清中尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(SCr),计算肌酐清除率(CCr).荧光定量-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)方法检测肾皮质中单核细胞趋化蛋白-1(MCP-1)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)mRNA表达.结果 干预后4周、8周DM+HD+Pg组FBG、24 h尿量明显高于DM+ND+Pg组、DM+HD组(P<0.05);干预后8周,DM+HD+Pg组Upro、BUN、SCr及MCP-1、TNF-αmRNA较DM+ND+Pg、DM+HD组均升高,CCr降低(均P<0.05).结论 微量Pg菌血症可以导致糖尿病兔模型肾功能的损害,其机制可能和Pg-LPS诱发兔肾脏局部的炎症免疫反应相关;高脂饮食可以加速此进程.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy (NPT) on periodontal clinical parameters and Serum Inflammatory Factor (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) levels of patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and periodontitis. Methods: Fifty-three patients were randomly divided into Groups A and B, and another 30 patients with periodontitis but without systemic diseases were included as Group C. Groups A and C were given NPT including ultrasonic scaling, subgingival scaling and root planning, as well as oral hygiene instruction. CKD of Groups A and B were further treated by routine methods, but Group B was only given oral hygiene instruction without any periodontitis treatment. Periodontal examination was performed and serum levels of CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected before and 6 weeks after treatment. Results: The attachment loss, probing depth and positive percentage of Bleeding On Probing (BOP%) of Groups A and C significantly decreased after treatment compared with those before treatment (p 0.05). Group C had significantly decreased serum levels of hsCRP and IL-6 (p 0.05). Conclusion: After patients with CKD and periodontitis received combined routine CKD treatment and NPT for 6 weeks, the serum hsCRP, IL-6 and TNF-α level all dropped.

目的 探讨益肾坚骨汤治疗老年生理性肾虚质牙周炎的临床效果.方法 选取我院自2013年7月～ 2014年7月间收治的70例老年生理性肾虚质牙周炎患者作为研究对象,随机将其分成两组即对照组35例采用盐酸米诺环素缓释剂进行治疗,观察组患者联合使用益肾坚骨汤治疗,采用ELISA法测定两组患者治疗前后的白细胞介素4(IL4)、6(IL-6)水平变化,对比两组患者的治疗效果.结果 治疗前两组患者的个炎性因子含量均明显下降,观察组优于对照组数据对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为88.57％ (31),对照组为71.43％(25),两组数据对比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在治疗老年生理性肾虚质牙周炎时采用益肾坚骨汤能够降低炎性因子水平,效果显著,值得推广使用.

OBJECTIVE: To study the possibility of using salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) level to evaluate the stress response degree of patients undergoing surgical dental extraction. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty females with impacted wisdom teeth, aged 18-25 years, were selected (Group A). Another 20 young females at the same ages were selected as controls (Group B). Saliva was collected before injecting anesthetic (A1B1), before dental extraction (A2B2), as well as immediately (A3B3), 1 hour (A4B4), and 5 hours (A5B5) after dental extraction when the effects of anesthesia subsided. RESULTS: The cortisol levels of both groups increased from 7.94 and 7.34 nmol/L (A1B1, minima) to 22.43 and 17.01 nmol/L (A3B3, maxima), respectively, and then decreased to 9.32 and 8.21 nmol/L (A5B5), respectively. The sAA levels of both groups rose from 14.38 and 13.98 U/mL (A1B1, minima) to 25.53 and 22.21 U/mL (A3B3, maxima), respectively, and then dropped to 17.69 and 15.23 U/mL (A5B5), respectively. The sAA activity change (value after dental extraction minus that after local anesthesia) was positively correlated with that of cortisol level moderately (p< 0.05, r= 0.378). CONCLUSION: The patients receiving minimally invasive dental extraction had lower stress levels than those receiving regular surgery. However, the levels of cortisol and sAA were closely correlated, following a similar trend. sAA can feasibly be used to evaluate the stress level changes induced by surgical dental extraction.

目的 观察氧化锆全瓷固定桥对后牙种植修复患者并发症和种植体存留率的影响.方法 回顾性分析后牙种植修复患者的临床资料,均采取氧化锆全瓷固定桥修复,记录种植体失败数量、存活率以及并发症情况.结果 患者均成功得到随访,随访时间1年以上,平均随访时间(18.2±2.6)月,共修复体35个,种植体87个.三单位固定桥22个,四单位桥12个,五单位桥1个.随访病例中,4个修复体崩瓷,3个修复体出现牙龈肿胀,修复体保留率100％.种植体中,5颗诊断为种植体周围黏膜炎,种植体保留率100％.崩瓷修复体边缘骨吸收量(0.15±0.04)mm显著低于未崩瓷(0.28±0.12)mm(P＜0.05),前磨牙种植体边缘骨吸收量(0.27±0.25)mm与磨牙(0.25±0.19)mm差异无显著性(P＞0.05),下颌种植体边缘骨吸收量(0.20±0.15)mm显著低于上颌(0.31±0.28)mm(P＜0.05),不同聆牙类型边缘骨吸收量差异不明显(P＞0.05).不同对(牙合)牙类型和固定桥位置崩瓷率无显著差异(P ＞0.05).结论 后牙种植牙采用氧化锆全瓷固定桥修复可行性高,具有应用价值.

选取收治的牙列缺损患者48例,随机分为观察组及对照组各24例.观察组给予种植牙修复治疗,对照组给予传统义齿修复治疗. 比较两组临床疗效及其对修复效果的满意度. 观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05),患者对修复效果的满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05). 口腔种植牙应用于牙列缺损的修复中疗效显著,患者对修复效果满意度高,值得临床推广应用.

目的:探讨表面增强拉曼光谱技术在口腔癌病理中的应用效果.方法:对我院收治的31例口腔癌患者资料进行分析,将其设置为对照组,选择同期医院的31例正常患者作为对照组,采用主成分分析和线性判别分析方采用表面增强拉曼光谱技术进行分析,比较两组患者组织间的差异.结果:光谱的测量范围400～1750cm-1波数.且和没有加入胶体组织样本常规拉曼光谱信号相比能够明显的观察谱峰,并且则会增强谱峰强度,金胶与肿瘤病理组织之间具有较强的作用;31例正正常者口腔组织和口腔癌组织SERS光谱及其标准差具有较大的相似性和其他光谱峰强度差异显著(P＜0.05).结论:口腔癌患者在进行口腔癌病理分析时采用表面增强拉曼光谱技术效果理想,能够提高临床确诊率,值得推广使用.

The effects of intravenous injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on rabbit inflammatory immune response and atherosclerosis were evaluated by establishing a microamount Pg bacteremia model combined with high-fat diet. Twenty-four New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into Groups A-D (n = 6). After 14 weeks, levels of inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)) in peripheral blood were detected by ELISA. The aorta was subjected to HE staining. Local aortic expressions of toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2), TLR-4, TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, matrix metallopeptidase-9, and MCP-1 were detected by real-time PCR, and those of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) proteins were detected by Western blot. Intravenous injection of Pg to the bloodstream alone induced atherosclerotic changes and significantly increased systemic and local aortic expressions of inflammatory factors, NF-κB p65, phospho-p38-MAPK, and JNK, especially in Group D. Injection of microamount Pg induced inflammatory immune response and accelerated atherosclerosis, in which the NF-κB p65, p38-MAPK, and JNK signaling pathways played important roles. Intravenous injection of Pg is not the same as Pg from human periodontitis entering the blood stream. Therefore, our results cannot be extrapolated to human periodontitis.

Objective: In this study, the effect of hyperlipidemia on immune responses to periodontal bacterial infections was investigated.Methods: Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were equally assigned to normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks. Every six rabbits with ND or HFD were orally inoculated with live Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis three times a week for 8 weeks. Also every six rabbits with ND or HFD rabbits were injected intravenously with A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis LPS. Periodontal disease severity was quantified by macroscopic and radiographical evaluation. Serum cytokines were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In vitro, peripheral mononuclear cells were collected and stimulated with LPS. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the changes in gene expression of macrophages.Results: In the early stages of infection, HFD rabbits were exposed to oral infection and systemic infection developed a weak inflammatory response to the reduced cytokine expression compared with ND rabbits. However, HFD rabbits exhibited higher inflammatory cytokine expression during long-term infections. Moreover, the pronounced changes in inflammatory cytokine expression elicited a significantly increase in bone loss in HFD rabbits with oral infection. Peripheral macrophages harvested from HFD rabbits and exposed to LPS exhibited reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared with those from ND rabbits in vitro.Conclusion: These data indicated that hyperlipidemia interfered with immune responses differently. The mechanism is possibly associated with immune paralysis in the acute phase and accumulation of inflammatory mediators in the chronic period. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.