The bacterial reaction of ammonium oxidation coupling with iron reduction (Feammox) has been discovered recently. To improve the ammonium removal efficiency from wastewater of Feammox bacteria, magnetic chitosan hydrogel beads (MCHBs) were prepared via sodium hydroxide co-precipitating-sol-gel method, Feammox bacteria were immobilized to 1-5 mm MCHBs, and the ammonium removal efficiency by MCHBs-Feammox bacteria was compared to free-Feammox bacteria. In addition, the influences of initial ammonium concentration, pH and temperature were assessed. The results showed that the MCHBs were ferromagnetic and exhibited high crystallinity, with the magnetization of saturation of 29.46 emu·g-1. The average rates of ammonia oxidation and iron reduction increased by 42.96% and 20.75% after Feammox bacteria immobilization, respectively, and the most significant effect was observed on 1-2 mm MCHBs-Feammox bacteria (P<0.05). Furthermore, 1-2 mm MCHBs immobilized bacteria worked in less favorable matrix concentrations, temperatures, and pH. Particularly, it could maintain high ammonium removal efficiency with 60.00 mg·L-1 initial ammonium concentration, 25℃ temperature and 4.50 pH. In addition, nitrate and ferrous ions were detected in the system. The highest ammonium removal rate occurred on day 16, reaching 53.62%. These results indicated that MCHBs immobilization can improve the ammonium removal efficiency of Feammox.

流域生态健康研究是目前生态系统研究领域的研究热点之一,其主要通过对流域生态系统中不同生态指标的调查及评价指数来反映流域生态系统的健康状况.因此,在总结欧美发达国家流域生态系统调查技术指标体系的基础上,结合中国目前流域调查技术现状以及流域水环境管理需求,构建流域生态系统调查技术指标体系,为流域生态系统健康状况调查评估、识别主要生态环境问题提供可参考的技术方法.

Ammonium oxidation under iron-reducing conditions have been discovered recently,which is considered as a new pathway to treat wastewater.Nevertheless,there is little information to prove the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen for real wastewater by the method.Thus,three kinds of wastewater were selected in this study,including civil wastewater from Qinzhou Wastewater Treatment Plant,rural wastewater from Xiaolan River in Qinzhou,and mine wastewater from a pyrites region.It showed that 40.05％ of the ammonia nitrogen was removed for the civil wastewater after 10 days' incubation,and ammonia nitrogen slightly decreased for the rural wastewater.However,ammonia nitrogen changed little in the mine wastewater.After pH adjusting,44.64％ of the ammonia nitrogen was removed in the mine wastewater after 10 days' incubation.These results suggested that the process of ammonium oxidation under iron-reducing conditions could be used for civil and rural wastewater treatment,while for mine wastewater treatment,it could be applied after pH adjusting.

The microbial reaction of ammonium oxidation coupling with iron reduction (Feammox) were discovered recently. However, little information is found to prove the removal efficiency of ammonium from simulate wastewater in the Feammox biofilm reactor. In this study, the effects of different ammonium concentration on Feammox biofilm reactor under closed condition and their denitrification reaction characteristics under continuous feeding condition were investigated. The results showed that the simulate wastewater with ammonium concentration of 75 mg/L reached the maximum ammonium removal, with the removal rate of 41.49% in 15 days. When the reactor was running continuously for 90 days, with inflowing NH4+-N concentration of 75 mg/L and 10 days HRT, the maximum ammonium removal reached 33.78%. Feammox biofilm reaction can be divided two stages. In first stage (10 ~ 60 d), ammonium was possibly oxidized to nitrogen, and the denitrification reaction carried out simultaneously. In second stage (60 ~ 90 d), the weakening denitrification reaction resulted in the accumulation of NO3--N. The results of 16SrRNA bacterial sequencing showed that the Feammox reaction was drove byAcidimicrobium andExiguobacterium.

Hazardous waste is a corrosive, toxic, flammable and reactive substance that poses athreat to public health, safety and the environment.Through investigating and analyzing the sources and pollution control situation of hazardous wastes in Dongguan, this paper summarizes the difficulties in supervision of environmental protection department of hazardous wastes, comparing national and international hazardous waste management, and then put forward some countermeasures and suggestions of hazardous waste control and management in Dongguan.It suggested that Dongguan should strengthen the management of hazardous waste sources, promote the construction of hazardous waste information management, improve the technical abilities of sound utilization and disposal of hazardous waste, and strengthen the construction of hazardous waste supervision and technical supporting system.

The determination approach for trinexapac-ethyl, and its degradation product, trinexapac was set up through the additive recovery experiment with HPLC-UV technology to understand their residual level and degradation rule in farmland soil. The residues of trinexapac-ethyl and trinexapac in farmland soil were firstly extracted using acidic acetonitrile, and the extract was purified with florisil dispersive solid phase extraction, then we employed HPLC-UV to detect their residue. The results showed that when the additive concentration of trinexapac-ethyl varied from 0.05 to 5.00 mg/kg, the additive recoveries changed from 79.68% to 103.55%, with the coefficient of variation varied from 1.26% to 10.22%; while, the trinexapac,s recoveries varied from 79.18% to 104.13%, and its variation coefficient varied from 3.29% to 10.75%. The approach met the technical needs for pesticide residue analysis and determination. A case study of the residue and degradation on trinexapac-ethyl and trinexapac in two kinds of typical farmland soil, i.e., quaternary red soil and alluvial soil from Hunan were conducted under indoor simulation culture experiment at 20℃ and dark condition, the results showed that their residue and degradation accorded with the first-order kinetic equation which was written asCt=C0·e-kt, and the degradation half-life of trinexapac-ethyl was 8.92 days in quaternary red soil, and 7.67 days in alluvial soil; while those of trinexapac was 9.39 days and 8.59 days, respectively. Both the degradation rate of trinexapac-ethyl and trinexapac were faster in the two kinds of typical farmland soil, and it was no risk to the farmland soil environment.

基于广州市危险废物的统计与分析,并对工业危险废物的产生量进行预测,对广州市主要处置的危险废物进行分析.广州市危险废物产生量有逐年上升的趋势,危险废物省内转移至肇庆、惠州、韶关、河源、江门、清远、东莞、深圳、茂名等地处置.随着危废总量持续增长,终端填埋及焚烧处置压力将越来越大.广州市以含铜废物处置为主,含铜电镀污泥、含铜废液均属危险废物,含铜废物中的重金属含量均较高,需要妥善处理.

Through investigating and analyzing the sources and pollution control situation of hazardous wastes in Shenzhen, summarizing the difficulties in supervision of Environmental Protection Department of hazardous wastes, comparing national and international hazardous waste management, and then put forward some countermeasures and suggestions of hazardous waste control and management in Shenzhen. The research shows that the environmental emergencies due to the improper disposal of hazardous waste has attracted more attention from the media and public attention, and become the social hot issues so far. In recent years, Shenzhen has done a lot of exploration and practice in the aspect of prevention and control of hazardous waste pollution. Summing up the experience and problem analysis will provide the reference and demonstration for other local hazardous waste pollution prevention and treatment. At the same time, Shenzhen should be, strengthen management of hazardous waste source on the basis of further clear base,; Improve the consciousness of environmental protection of enterprise by strengthening the propaganda, Improve the ability of hazardous waste harmless utilization and disposal technique;Strengthen the supervision of hazardous waste and the technical support system construction, based on the analysis of the present problem of hazardous waste pollution prevention.

为评价螺螨酯和联苯肼酯在柑橘上的环境安全性,采用田间试验方法,研究了自然条件下螺螨酯和联苯肼酯在柑橘上的消解动态和残留情况,探索施药最适安全间隔期.结果表明,40％螺螨酯·联苯肼酯悬浮剂稀释1667倍液施药1次,螺螨酯与联苯肼酯在柑橘全果中的半衰期分别为4.70 d、4.86 d:柑橘全果中的两种农药的残留量均受施药浓度和施药次数的影响,残留风险与田间用药剂量及用药次数呈正比例关系.参考国内外农药残留限量标准,建议在正常栽培条件下,按常规方法及作用剂量施药2次,柑橘的安全采收间隔期为30 d;当施药浓度或施药次数增加时,安全间隔期应适当延长.

Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)—A well known gasoline additive substituting for lead alkyls—causes lipid disorders and liver dysfunctions in animal models. However, whether MTBE exposure is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains uncertain. We evaluate the possible relationship between MTBE exposure and the prevalence of NAFLD among 71 petrol station attendants in southern China. The personal exposure concentrations of MTBE were analyzed by Head Space Solid Phase Microextraction GC/MS. NAFLD was diagnosed by using abdominal ultrasonography according to the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD suggested by the Chinese Hepatology Association. Demographic and clinical characteristics potentially associated with NAFLD were investigated. Mutivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to measure odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The result showed that the total prevalence of NAFLD was 15.49% (11/71) among the study subjects. The average exposure concentrations of MTBE were 292.98 ± 154.90 μg/m3 and 286.64 ± 122.28 μg/m3 in NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (p > 0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, physical exercise, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), white blood cell (WBC), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the odds ratios were 1.31 (95% CI: 0.85–1.54; p > 0.05), 1.14 (95% CI: 0.81–1.32; p > 0.05), 1.52 (95% CI: 0.93–1.61; p > 0.05) in the groups (including men and women) with exposure concentrations of MTBE of 100–200 μg/m3, 200–300 μg/m3, and ≥300 μg/m3, respectively, as compared to the group (including men and women) ≤100 μg/m3. Our investigation indicates that exposure to MTBE does not seem to be a significant risk factor for the prevalence of NAFLD among petrol station attendants in southern China.

通过体外模拟方法从生物可给性方面来评价重金属对人体健康的危害程度已逐渐成为研究热点。在阐述生物可给性概念的基础上，重点综述了 in v itro消化方法的生理基础和实验操作及其在评价重金属生物可给性方面实际运用的国内外研究进展。最后指出了 in v itro模拟肠胃方法存在的问题，并对其应用前景作了展望。

生态文明五大体系是美丽中国重要组成部分,更是实现伟大中国梦的主要路径.“资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化”的形势日加严峻,目前已成为考验人类与自然协调共处的主战场.生态文明,重在践行.要突破环境资源制约的瓶颈,加快推进生态文明建设的进程,必须充分认识生态文明建设的重要性、必要性、紧迫性,把生态文明建设放在突出地位.本文讨论构建生态文明五大体系,旨在为全面建成人与自然和谐的美丽中国提供技术借鉴.

建立了玻璃幕墙光污染的测量模型,以目标幕墙的照度和亮度作为主要测量指标,从而确定影响玻璃幕墙光污染其他主要因素.以沈阳华润大厦为例完成玻璃幕墙光污染影响程度的实地监测与评价分析,得出玻璃幕墙光污染主要影响因素为测量仰角、相对幕墙的方位角和测量距离;玻璃幕墙光污染影响程度和影响范围随环境的变化而变化;当目标玻璃幕墙的反射光亮度小于10 000 cd/m2时,对人视觉影响较小,当亮度大于200 000 cd/m2时,出现反射光最强点,对人视觉影响较大,人们难以忍受.最后,基于建立的测量方案和评价理论对沈阳市典型玻璃幕墙的光环境进行监测与评价,以建筑物高度、仰角、眩光等级、距离、照度、亮度、周围环境、天气状况作为评价指标,结果表明沈阳市太原街商圈和华润大厦附近光污染最为严重.

通过对广州市玻璃幕墙建筑在不同季节、不同时段光环境影响的监测,分析影响玻璃幕墙建筑光污染的重要因素,评价了玻璃幕墙建筑在不同季节、不同时段造成光污染的危害,估算玻璃幕墙建筑的光环境污染程度及范围,提出了玻璃幕墙建筑光污染的防控建议,以期为城市玻璃建筑光污染控制与管理提供科学依据.

The implementation of eco-compensation schemes demands large capital investment. Therefore, the raising and allocation of funds is critical to the smooth operation of an eco-compensation mechanism. However, the majority of stud- ies on eco-compensation dwell on the development of compensation standards and the allocation of compensation funds, with very few studies considering the allocation of compensation responsibility among multiple compensation providers. Choosing Zhongshan as a case, this paper explores how to reasonably allocate the responsibility among the compensation providers in case of a demand for larger compensation due to any changes in the eco-compensation standards, so as to successfully raise the required funds for compensation. In accordance with the "Beneficiary Pays Principle", and for the purpose of ensuring the successful raising of the compensation funds, this paper constructs a model comprising three eco- compensation providers, including the provincial and municipal government as well as the towns receiving the spillover effect of ecosystem services provided by other townships. After analyzing the spatial distribution of ecosystem services, it further builds a model of compensation responsibility allocation (CRA) among townships in connection with regional ecosystem services value density and the gap between demand and supply of ecosystem service value. At the end, the pa- per simulates the results of CRA among the three eco-compensation providers in Zhongshan under five scenarios.

Maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanopowders were synthesized under aeration (oxidizing) conditions by aqueous synthesis in this study. The microstructures of the prepared powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET-BJH. The XRD analysis and the chemical experiments showed that well-crystallized γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were successfully obtained with a mean particle size of approximately 17 nm. The prepared γ-Fe2O3 was spherical with a BET surface area of 14.357 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.050 cm3/g. Varying the reaction conditions, such as pH, temperature, and reaction time, we obtained crystallized γ-Fe2O3 powders with different crystallization extent and different particle sizes. When the pH of the reaction suspension was increased, the reaction time was prolonged, and the reaction temperature was increased, the γ-Fe2O3 powders underwent superior crystallization and had larger particle sizes. All the obtained γ-Fe2O3 powders had significant photocatalytic activities under both UV and visible light irradiation for Orange I degradation, and the powders with better crystallization and larger particle size had relatively lower activities for Orange I photocatalytic degradation. The one-step aqueous synthesis method presented in this paper may provide an advantageous pathway to synthesize large quantities of this important iron oxide.

东江干流惠州段上承河源、下启广州东莞，全长约175km，占东江干流总长的1/3。有包括香港、深圳供水的大小取水口数十个，日取水量一千余万吨，超过东江取水总量的一半。而惠州市是东江干流上唯一穿城而过的地级城市，城区排污状况直接影响到东江水质；其次，受纳深圳惠州负荷且为东江最大污染二级支流的淡水河经西枝江在惠州城区汇入东江干流，长期以来对该区饮用水安全产生重要影响；再者，近年来惠州一直保持15%以上的经济发展速度，产业集聚及人口聚集使区域水环境压力空前。因此，东江干流惠州段属极为典型的水质敏感区。

农村生态文明建设是“全面建成小康社会”的重要内容,加快推进农村生态文明建设,对全面建成人与自然和谐发展的现代化新格局具有重要的现实意义.本文根据十八大与十八届三中、四中全会的最新要求,提出了农村生态文明建设路径:“优化布局结构,建设绿色农村;促进资源节约,建设低碳农村;保护生态环境,建设宜居农村;健全生态制度,建设和谐农村”,旨在为全面建成人与自然和谐的美丽乡村提供技术指导.

生态文明源于环保,又高于环保,环保是生态文明的主阵地,生态文明是美丽中国的实现路径.党的十八大报告明确提出:建设生态文明,是关系人民福祉、关乎民族未来的长远大计.面对资源约束趋紧、环境污染严重、生态系统退化的严峻形势,必须树立尊重自然、顺应自然、保护自然的生态文明理念,把生态文明建设放在突出地位,融人经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程,努力建设美丽中国,实现中华民族永续发展.生态文明贵在创新,成在持久,重在建设.

建设生态文明,是美丽中国永续发展与实现伟大中国梦的必然选择,更是创造人类社会福祉的必由之路.本文构建了自然生态服务和干扰驱动变化与人类福祉的关系,提出了生态文明与乐活社会的推进路径,畅想基于全人类福祉的乐活社会美好愿景.