In this study, the InVEST model, GTWR, and the Geodetector were comprehensively employed to systematically assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat quality in Wuyishan National Park and to reveal its response patterns to changes in precipitation and temperature. Throughout the study period, the habitat quality of Wuyishan National Park remained relatively high overall. Temporally, habitat quality displayed a phased pattern of an initial decline followed by an increase; nevertheless, an overall slight downward trend was observed, with the mean value decreasing slightly from 0.934 in 2000 to 0.927 in 2020. Spatially, a “core-periphery” differentiation was observed; spatial heterogeneity was identified in the response of habitat quality to climatic factors. A positive, promoting effect on habitat quality was primarily exerted by precipitation, although localized negative stress effects were observed along the park’s northern and southern edges; a negative, constraining effect was predominantly exerted by temperature, whereas a positive driving effect was observed in the southeastern scenic area. Bivariate enhancement effects were identified among the factor interactions. A scientific basis is provided by these findings for Wuyishan National Park to implement tiered and zoned management and to formulate differentiated climate adaptation strategies, thus enhancing ecosystem resilience and sustainable development capacity.

Enhancing forestry management efficiency is critical for global sustainable development goals, yet how institutional arrangements can effectively incentivize farmers’ performance requires deeper investigation. This study constructs an integrated framework to examine the effects of well-defined property rights and market certification on the output and technical efficiency of household bamboo management. Utilizing survey data from 1090 households in China, we employ stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), propensity score matching (PSM), and mediation models. The findings reveal a key divergence: (1) Forest tenure certificates significantly increased bamboo output but not technical efficiency. This “quantity-driven” effect stemmed from increased capital and land inputs. (2) Market certification enhanced both output and technical efficiency, operating via a “quality-driven” mechanism of standardized management. (3) Significant technical efficiency losses persist, indicating substantial potential for productivity gains through optimized practices. This study concludes that singular property rights institutions are insufficient to overcome the “output-without-efficiency” bottleneck. Complementary, market-based mechanisms are essential for a dual-pillar policy system. This research offers theoretical support for optimizing forestry policies and provides insights for other developing countries seeking sustainable resource management.

This study investigates the impact of organic agriculture on farmers’ conservation behaviors, focusing on a sample of 816 households in the Chinese Crested Ibis habitats of Yang County, Shaanxi Province, China. Employing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), we analyzed the ecological feedback mechanisms bridging agricultural practices and species protection outcomes. The results identify two primary pathways through which organic agriculture fosters conservation: (1) Enhanced perceived benefits directly drive conservation behaviors, with significant path coefficients for ecological benefits (0.105, p < 0.05) and overall benefits (0.290, p < 0.001). (2) Government regulations fortify ecological cognition and conservation efforts (0.123, p < 0.001). Notably, while ecological cognition alone exhibited no direct behavioral impact, ecological emotions emerged as a critical mediator (0.153, p < 0.001). These mechanisms align with the remarkable recovery of the Crested Ibis population—from near extinction to over 7000 individuals—since the reserve’s establishment in 1981. Ultimately, this study highlights organic agriculture’s capacity to generate a positive ecological feedback loop, wherein economic viability and emotional connections to conservation mutually reinforce sustainable behaviors. The findings underscore that personal emotional investment in environmental stewardship is a stronger behavioral catalyst than cognitive understanding alone. This research offers robust empirical evidence to inform policy designs that harmonize agricultural livelihoods with biodiversity goals through targeted organic agriculture incentives and emotionally engaging ecological education programs.

Forests provide essential cash and subsistence resources for sustaining rural livelihoods, making it crucial to enhance farm household wellbeing through forest resources. Based on a survey of 914 households in Sanming City, Fujian Province, a representative collective forest area in Southern China, this study investigates the impact of Capitalization of Forest Resources on farm household wellbeing. We analyze the effects of Capitalization of Forest Resources on wellbeing and explore the heterogeneity of wellbeing gains among different household groups. The results indicate that: (1) Capitalization of Forest Resources significantly enhances total wellbeing, primarily by improving four dimensions: living environment, participation in decision-making, health status, and development opportunities. (2) Capitalization of Forest Resources exhibits a synergistic effect, where composite capitalization modes—specifically “transfer-in + mortgage loans” and “transfer-in + shareholding cooperation”—exert a greater positive influence on wellbeing. (3) Capitalization of Forest Resources promotes inclusivity by narrowing the wellbeing gap among households, as its marginal effect is more pronounced for low-wellbeing households. (4) Farm households in regions with a high level of forest rights market development and those with small-scale forestland derive higher wellbeing gains from capitalization. We conclude that, during the Capitalization of Forest Resources, timely registration of changes in relevant property rights should be carried out to ensure the effective realization of forestland asset functions. Furthermore, optimizing the governance structure of shareholding cooperation is essential to empower farmers with greater decision-making authority. Simultaneously, targeted support should be implemented to guide smallholders toward standardized forestland transfer and lower credit thresholds, supplemented by non-agricultural vocational training. Finally, accelerating the construction of property rights markets is vital to mitigate information asymmetry and effectively protect the rights and interests of ordinary households.

Co-governance of urban green spaces is increasingly important for resilient human settlements, yet the gap between participation intention and actual behavior remains insufficiently understood in high-density urban contexts. In this study, public participation refers to multiple forms of green space co-governance, including advisory, monitoring, financial, online, planting, and volunteer activities. Using survey and spatial data from 1474 residents across 334 spatial grids in Beijing, this study examines how spatial conditions are associated with the intention-behavior gap. Participation intention shows clear spatial clustering, whereas actual participation behavior is more fragmented. The results show that green space density is positively associated with participation intention, while park accessibility and public transport availability are more closely related to actual behavior. Cross-level interactions indicate that the associations between pro-environmental values and participation outcomes vary with accessibility and mobility conditions, especially at the behavioral stage. The intention-behavior gap also varies across socio-economic, attitudinal, and community profiles. Further analysis suggests that predicted participation behavior declines gradually as park distance increases, with no evidence of a distinct threshold. Guided by an exposure-access-mobility logic, the findings suggest that spatial conditions are associated with intention formation and with residents’ practical opportunities to encounter and engage in co-governance activities in everyday urban life. Improving accessibility and connectivity may help reduce everyday barriers and support participatory equity in high-density green space co-governance.

Rural labor migration, characterized by large-scale movement from agriculture to nonagricultural sectors, presents new challenges to sustainable forest management. Using survey data from 812 rural households in Guizhou Province, China, this study examines the impact of rural labor migration on household forestry input allocation and explores the underlying mechanisms. The findings indicate that labor migration significantly reduces forestry input, primarily due to a decrease in labor inputs. Mechanism analysis reveals that labor migration increases household income, which, in turn, reduces farmers' reliance on forestland. However, there is no direct evidence suggesting that labor migration facilitates land resource consolidation, such as forestland transfer, which could further constrain forestry inputs. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impact of labor migration on forestry input is more pronounced among households with lower levels of education, limited political capital, and those operating on smaller scales. This study provides valuable insights for policy formulation aimed at enhancing household incentives for forest management, increasing forestry input, and promoting sustainable forestry development.

Tea cultivation is a cornerstone of the livelihoods of millions of rural households worldwide. To mitigate the threat posed by tea plantation expansion to global biodiversity, land-sharing practices have been proposed as a promising approach to balancing tea production with biodiversity conservation. While many studies have evaluated the effects of land sharing on agricultural production and ecosystems, few have explored its broader impacts on sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly in the context of tea plantations. In this study, we examined the effects of land-sharing practices implemented by tea plantations in Wuyishan National Park, China, on four sustainable development goals and their interrelationships: SDG 1 (income), SDG 3 (well-being), SDG 15 (willingness for wildlife conservation), and SDG 16 (support for the national park). Our findings show that conventional tea plantations contributed to SDG 1 and SDG 3 but had a significant negative impact on SDG 15. In contrast, the adoption of land-sharing practices in tea plantations enhanced SDG 1, but adversely affected SDG 16, and contributed little to SDG 3 and SDG 15. These results suggest that eco-friendly land-sharing practices in tea plantations enhanced economic benefits, but they unintentionally weakened community support for the national park, generating complex impacts on the interrelationships among the sustainability goals. The approach and findings from this study provide valuable tools and insights for designing targeted strategies that can effectively leverage land-sharing for sustainable tea productions in China and beyond.

Livelihood strategies are essential for households to meet their needs, including activities such as agriculture and off-farm employment. Diversification of livelihoods, or a diversity sources of income, is crucial for improving stability and resilience in developing countries. Livelihood strategies also play a key role in poverty reduction and asset development in Afghanistan. This research investigates livelihood diversity and the determinants of livelihood strategies among rural household heads in Kandahar, Afghanistan, focusing on demographic, socio-economic, and geographical/resource factors. The study utilized the Simpson Index and Multinomial Logit (MNL) models to analyze cross-sectional survey data collected from 384 rural household heads, to explain the patterns of livelihood diversification and the determinants influencing livelihood strategies among these households. We found satisfactory level of diversification (0.4446) and identified significant determinants influencing livelihood strategies, with 68.5

The development of high-performance cathode materials is critical to the practical application of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). O3-type NaCrO2 (NCO) is one of the most competitive cathodes, but it suffers from rapid capacity decay caused by severe irreversible structural evolution. An Mg-Ti co-doped Na0.99Cr0.95Mg0.02Ti0.03O2 (NCO-MT) cathode material is designed and synthesized via a facile solid-state reaction to enhance the cyclability of NCO. A capacity retention of 71.6% after 2500 cycles with the capacity fade rate of 0.011% per cycle is achieved for NCO-MT at 5 C, which is attributed to the highly reversible crystal structure during cycling. Our findings offer a novel insight into the high-performance O3-type layered cathode materials for SIBs and are beneficial to promote the development of high-rate SIBs.

As a global hotspot of biodiversity and conservation, eco-environmental changes in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) are crucial to achieving global Sustainable Development Goals. However, the eco-environmental status of the GMS and its development trends remain unclear. In this study, we proposed an improved remote sensing ecological index (IRSEI) to assess eco-environmental quality (EQ) by integrating habitat quality into the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) to consider the vegetation characteristics of the GMS. We then applied trend analysis and Hurst exponent analysis to explore the past and future spatiotemporal dynamic changes of EQ in the GMS. Our study revealed that the IRSEI exhibited better monitoring accuracy than the RSEI and could comprehensively and effectively evaluate the EQ of the GMS. Overall, more than 80 % of the GMS by area had moderate or greater EQ levels during the period 2000-2020. Good and excellent EQ levels were predominantly located in the southwestern Yunnan Province of China, northeastern Myanmar, Laos, and western Vietnam. From 2000 to 2020, the annual mean IRSEI value in the GMS exhibited an increasing trend (0.10 %/year), with the area of increased EQ concentrated in Yunnan Province and Myanmar. Additionally, the center of gravity of the IRSEI in the GMS showed an obvious migration to the northwest over the studied period. A total of 60.81 % of the study area exhibited Hurst values lower than 0.5, indicating anti-persistent changes in EQ over the past 21 years. Furthermore, the area in which the EQ was predicted to decrease was larger than that of predicted EQ improvement. Overall, these outcomes provide an important reference and new perspectives on ecoenvironmental protection in the GMS.

With the transformation of the rural economy and the increasing national emphasis on forest resources, forestry management plays an increasingly important role in promoting household income growth and sustainable rural development. This study, based on a field survey of 1043 micro-level household data collected in Guizhou Province, China, empirically analyzes the impact of participation in forestry management on household income, income structure, and income inequality, as well as its underlying mechanisms. Using endogenous switching models, quantile regression models, and mediation effect models, the study reveals the following findings: First, participation in forestry management significantly enhances household income. Second, the impact of participation in forestry management on income structure varies, significantly increasing both forestry and non-forestry income, with the effect on forestry income being particularly pronounced. Third, participation in forestry management significantly alleviates income inequality, especially for low-income households. Fourth, forestry management indirectly increases household income and non-forestry income by promoting forest-based employment. Forest-based employment acts as a partial mediator in the effect of forestry management on household income and a full mediator in the increase in non-forestry income. The contribution of this study lies in its multidimensional approach to revealing the comprehensive impact of participation in forestry management on rural household income, providing important policy insights for increasing household income and achieving sustainable rural development.

Climate change adaptation in ecologically sensitive agriculture remains underexplored, especially regarding whether farmers’ climate perceptions translate into ecological production behaviors (EPBs). Using survey data from 730 tea farmers in China’s Wuyi Mountains National Park, this study examines how general and extreme climate change perceptions relate to EPB adoption. Employing Ordered Probit models and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) mediation analysis, we estimate perception–behavior associations and test indirect effects through information-seeking and policy participation, alongside moderation by ecosystem service cognition and ecological production benefit cognition. The results indicate that both general and extreme climate perceptions are positively associated with EPB adoption (β = 0.406 and 0.626, p < 0.01), with extreme perceptions showing significantly stronger effects. Climate perceptions influence EPB adoption across all dimensions (green production, ecological management, and market-based practices). Information-seeking and policy participation function as complementary mediating pathways (combined indirect effects = 0.101 and 0.117), linking climate perceptions to ecological actions. Moreover, higher ecosystem service cognition and ecological production benefit cognition strengthen the perception–behavior relationships across multiple EPB dimensions. Overall, the findings suggest that climate change perceptions are an important driver of farmers’ ecological production choices in high-ecological-value contexts. Interpreted alongside existing adaptation strategies, EPB may enhance resilience by leveraging ecosystem functions while aligning with market incentives for ecological products. These results underscore the value of policies that improve access to ecological training and market information and support demonstration programs that facilitate experiential learning.

Against the backdrop of China’s large-scale collective forest tenure reform, examining the actual effects of land policies at the household level is crucial for advancing sustainable forestry. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the impacts of tenure formalization (forest tenure certificates) and market-based incentives (bamboo forest certification) on household production inputs and harvesting behavior by disentangling the objective implementation of policies from households’ subjective perceptions. Based on survey data from 1090 households in Fujian Province, China, and employing double-hurdle and Tobit models, this study reveals a central finding: households’ management decisions are driven more strongly by their subjective perceptions than by objectively held policy instruments. Specifically, perceived tenure security serves as a key incentive for increasing production inputs and adopting long-term harvesting plans, whereas the mere possession of forest tenure certificates exhibits limited direct effects. Similarly, households’ positive expectations about the market value enhancement from bamboo forest certification significantly promote investments and sustainable harvesting practices—an effect substantially greater than that of mere participation in certification. Consequently, this study argues that the successful implementation of land governance policies depends not only on the rollout of instruments but, more critically, on fostering households’ trust and positive perceptions of policies’ long-term value.

Organic materials offer many advantages as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), including environmental friendliness, flexibility in design, and lightweight. Herein, we demonstrate the successful design and fabrication of pyrene-tethered telluroviologen (Py 2 TeV)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composite (denoted as Py 2 TeV/SWCNTs), in which the Py 2 TeV is stably adsorbed onto SWCNTs via pi-pi interactions. The conjunction of Py 2 TeV/SWCNTs effectively suppresses the solubility and improves the stability of the organic materials, thus endowing Py 2 TeV/SWCNTs with excellent electronic properties, as compared to the pyrene-tethered parent viologen Py 2 V/SWCNTs mixture. When examined as electrode materials for LIBs, the Py 2 TeV/SWCNTs display superior electrochemical performance, displaying an initial capacity of 68.5 mAh g-1 and a long-life cycling performance up to 23 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles. Due to the characteristic electrochemical properties of Py 2 TeV/SWCNTs, they can be used as both cathode and anode electrodes to fabricate all-organic symmetrical LIBs, which show a reversible capacity (27.6 mAh g-1) after 100 cycles, indicating their potential for the exploration of organic LIBs in the future.

Accounting for carbon revenues and expenditures and determining functional zoning for carbon compensation are crucial for achieving regional low-carbon development and advancing the "dual-carbon" strategy. This study focuses on 200 county units in the Dongting Lake Basin, systematically evaluating the basin's carbon income and expenditure, and proposes strategies for functional zoning of carbon compensation. The findings are as follows： ① Over the past 20 years, carbon emissions in the Dongting Lake Basin have shown an overall upward trend, increasing from 132 million tons in 2000 to 499 million tons in 2020, while carbon absorption has remained relatively stable at around 200 million tons. Spatially, carbon emissions in the Dongting Lake Basin exhibited a distinct "higher in the east, lower in the west" distribution pattern, whereas carbon absorption aligned closely with the terrain's opening towards the north. ② The overall trend of carbon pressure in the Dongting Lake Basin has been increasing, indicating a growing risk of carbon imbalance. The spatial distribution of carbon pressure showed a pattern of "high in the east, low in the west, high in the north, and low in the south." Further comparison between the center of gravity of carbon pressure and the center of gravity of the economy revealed that their spatial locations were very close, yet their trajectories diverged latitudinally, indicating a spatial coupling relationship between carbon pressure and regional economic development, as well as a degree of differentiation. ③ Over the past 20 years, the low-carbon development zones and high-carbon source optimization zones in the Dongting Lake Basin have been shrinking, while the carbon sink functional zones and carbon source control zones have been expanding. This indicates a weakening of the ecological function of carbon sinks in the Dongting Lake Basin. Analysis of the transfer direction revealed that carbon function zoning mainly followed the paths of "low-carbon development zone → carbon sink functional area" and "high-carbon optimization area → carbon source control area," while carbon compensation zoning showed a trend of shifting from compensation areas to payment areas. In the future, a differentiated low-carbon development strategy should be implemented, and a cross-county （district） carbon compensation system should be established to promote synergistic regional ecological and environmental governance and high-quality development.

Major public health events pose a huge challenge to the sustainable improvement of city dwellers’ ecological well-being, hindering the achievement of urban ecological construction goals. In the context of resilient city and all-aged friendly city construction, age factor is given special consideration in urban green space management to meet the heterogeneous demands and preferences of city dwellers for urban ecological benefit. However, young, middle-age and elderly city dwellers’ utilization of urban green spaces during different periods of pandemic are poorly known. Meanwhile, insufficient discussion on the differences in ecological well-being contributions of different types of urban green spaces has led to difficulties in effectively connecting urban green space management planning with the city dwellers’ demands for ecological well-being. To help fill this gap, this study utilizes field study data on urban ecological construction and urban landscape and greening in Beijing from 2019 to 2023 to analyze the evolution and differences in utilization behaviors of urban green space among different age group city dwellers. Furthermore, this study applies the ordinary least square regression model (OLS) to explore the differences in the impact of various types of urban green space on the ecological well-being of city dwellers. The results revealed significant age effects in the utilization of urban green space during 2019–2023. It outlines the increased time spent in urban green space by younger city dwellers. In addition, the results demonstrated that the utilization behavior of park green space has a significant positive impact on the ecological well-being level of city dwellers, and the impact of utilization behavior on the ecological well-being level of city dwellers varies depending on the type of green space. Compared with community green space, the impact of park green space utilization behavior on the ecological well-being level of city dwellers is more significant. The conclusion from the main urban area of this Beijing case study contributes to the international discussion on urban green space management and urban green resilience governance in metropolitan areas worldwide as they add additional insights on the change and difference in the utilization behavior of urban green spaces, particularly looking at elderly, middle-aged and young city dwellers as well as the importance of a timely response to the heterogeneity preference of city dwellers’ ecological well-being demand.

In the context of frequent occurrence of major public health events worldwide, understanding citizens’ perception and utilization of urban green space is crucial for implementation of urban resilience. However, perceptions and utilization preference of different age group of citizens are often overlooked, leading the governance policy of urban green resilience failed to timely respond to the heterogeneous demands of citizens’ ecological well-being. Using a large sample questionnaire survey across 2019–2023, This study proposes to investigate citizens’ perception of the Covid-19 pandemic’ impacts on urban green resilience and their utilization preference of urban green space during different periods of pandemic. The results showed that: (1) Compared to the negative impact perception, there is a more significant difference in the perception of the positive impact of the pandemic on urban green resilience among different age groups; (2) In the perceived success and importance perception of urban green resilience, the young group often shows significant perception differences compared with the middle-aged and older adult groups; (3) There is significant age effects in citizens’ perception and utilization of urban green space at different periods of COVID-19 pandemic. Altogether the results from the main urban area of Beijing case study contribute to international discussion on urban green space management and urban green resilience governance in metropolitan areas worldwide as they add additional insights on the differences perception and changed utilization of urban green spaces particularly looking at city dwellers among different age group as well as the importance of timely response heterogeneity preference of city dwellers’ ecological well-being demand.

Effectively guiding residents towards low-carbon behavior is an important way to reduce carbon emissions, mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable social development. We developed a dual mediator model of environmental pressure on low-carbon behavior based on Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theory. The structural equation modelling analysis method was used to conduct an empirical test with 1557 questionnaires of urban residents from Beijing and Shanghai. The results indicate that: (1) environmental pollution intensity and social pressure intensity had a significant effect on residents' low-carbon behavior. Social pressure was more likely to result in low-carbon behavior. (2) Perceived benefits were conducive to low-carbon behavior, whereas perceived costs inhibited low-carbon behavior. Social pressure intensity influenced low-carbon behavior by significantly acting on perceived benefits and costs, whereas environmental pollution intensity only contributed to low-carbon behavior by significantly reducing perceived costs. (3) Multi-group analysis gender, age, household size, and city of residence had significant moderating effects on the influence of environmental pollution intensity on low-carbon behavior. To promote residents' low-carbon behavior, society should increase the dissemination of information on green, frugal, and low-carbon concepts to increase social pressure. And incentive measures should be taken to promote residents' low-carbon behavior by relating them to interests. The results of the study are important for promoting residents' low-carbon behavior from the perspective of social pressure and understanding the psychological changes in residents' low-carbon behavior.

Facilitating the sustained and stable growth of farmers’ income is crucial for achieving sustainable development in forest regions. As an emerging driving force, the digital economy has demonstrated substantial potential in enhancing farmers’ income and promoting regional economic prosperity in forest areas. Based on survey data from 1043 households across 10 counties in Guizhou Province, China, this study empirically examined the direct and indirect effects of digital economy participation on income growth among farmers in forest regions. The findings revealed that, first, participation in the digital economy significantly contributed to income growth for these households. This effect remained robust across various estimation methods, restricted sample tests, and when replacing dependent variables. Second, forestry management and its diversification played a mediating role in the relationship between digital economy participation and farmers’ income. Participation in the digital economy indirectly influenced income growth by fostering forestry management activities and their diversification. Third, the heterogeneity analysis indicated that digital economy participation had a significant positive impact on the income growth of pure farming households, part-time farming households, and households that had previously escaped poverty. This discovery underscored the unique role of the digital economy in alleviating poverty and preventing its recurrence. The conclusions of this study provide essential theoretical and practical guidance for empowering forestry development through the digital economy and advancing the digital transformation of the forestry industry. More critically, this research presents a novel pathway for the deep integration of the digital economy with forestry, jointly fostering income growth for farmers in forest regions, which holds significant implications for achieving rural sustainable development.