Dynamically modulating the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) presents a promising strategy for infected wound healing therapy, but conventional approaches predominantly focus on ROS generation, often neglecting the necessity of redox balance. Here we develop a pH-responsive bifunctional nanozyme through coupling sub-nanoscale 12-phosphotungstic acid (PTA) cluster with Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This Fe3O4-PTA (FPTA) nanozyme can dynamically regulate redox activity within the wound microenvironment: during the early bacterial infection phase of wound niche within acidic pH, it catalyzes the conversion of exogenous H2O2 into highly reactive oxygen species, inducing bacterial membrane disruption and apoptosis; while upon restoration of physiological pH during healing phase, it scavenges excess ROS, mitigates healing phase, scavenges mitigates inflammation, and promotes re-epithelialization. Catalytic kinetics, evaluated through a double-fitting Michaelis-Menten model, reveals high intrinsic Vmaxvalues for H2O2 and TMB substrates, and the FPTA nanozyme exhibited potent scavenging capability against ABTS center dot, & centerdot;OH, and H2O2, substantiating its bifunctional catalytic nature. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated excellent antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility, accelerated re-epithelialization, and promoted the infected wound healing, highlighting Fe3O4-PTA as an effective bifunctional nanozyme for precise redox modulation in wound care.

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to explore the clinical efficacy of stabilization splint (SS) and the characteristics of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging changes by analyzing the CBCT images and clinical symptoms of patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) complicated with chewing side preference before and after treatment with SS. Me⁃thods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 74 TMJOA patients (aged 18-40 years) who visited the Department of Stomatology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from June 2021 to January 2025. Among them, 31 patients had no chewing side preference (mean age: 29.81±2.99 years), and 43 patients had chewing side preference (mean age: 30.88±5.65 years). The CBCT imaging features and clinical symptoms of the two groups at the initial visit and follow-up (6 months later) were observed and analyzed. SPSS 27.0 software was used for data analysis. RESULTS:Comparison of patients without chewing side preference before and after SS treatment: the incidence of pain decreased from 100% to 3.23%, limited mouth opening from 96.77% to 3.23%, and joint noise from 80.65% to 38.71%, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CBCT showed that the ipsilateral posterior joint space and superior joint space increased significantly (P<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) indices between the two sides (P>0.05). Comparison of patients with chewing side preference before and after SS treatment: the incidence of pain decreased from 100% to 4.65%, limited mouth opening from 88.37% to 2.33%, and joint noise from 79.07% to 39.53%, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CBCT showed that the medial-lateral diameter of the condyle, anterior-posterior diameter of the condyle, intra-articular space, posterior joint space, superior joint space, slope of the articular eminence, and condylar height on the habitual chewing side increased significantly (P<0.05). Moreover, the medial-lateral diameter of the condyle, anterior-posterior diameter of the condyle, intra-articular space, posterior joint space, and superior joint space on the non-habitual chewing side increased significantly (P<0.05). The posterior joint space, intra-articular space, and condylar height on the habitual chewing side were significantly larger than those on the non-habitual chewing side (P<0.05). Comparison between patients with and without chewing side preference after SS treatment: no significant differences were found in pain, limited mouth opening, and joint noise between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:SS is effective in treating patients suffering from TMJOA with or without chewing side preference because it can effectively relieve joint pain, significantly improve mouth opening, and reduce the incidence of joint noise to a certain extent. Chewing side preference is closely related to the progression of TMJOA. Patients with TMJOA are recommended to receive early intervention with SS treatment, which is particularly important for those cases complicated with chewing side preference.

The structural stability of dental collagen plays a critical role in preserving the integrity and function of tooth. However, conventional organic cross-linking agents are often compromised in moist environments and vulnerable to bacterial degradation. Here, we propose an inorganic synergistic "cross-linking-antibacterial" strategy utilizing tungsten oxide sub-nanowires (TO-SNWs). This strategy effectively overcomes the limitations of organic cross-linking imposed by humid environments and significantly enhance the thermostability, mechanical strength, and structural stability of dental collagen. Furthermore, TO-SNWs exert targeted antibacterial activity against the Firmicutes phylum, which harbors a majority of oral pathogens, while maintaining the overall diversity of the oral microbiota. Mechanism analysis reveals that antimicrobial effects stem from multilevel TO-SNWs-bacteria interactions, which compromise the permeability and metabolism. In conclusion, this inorganic "cross-linking-antibacterial" approach not only reinforces dental collagen stability, but also suppresses pathogenic microorganisms' activity, representing a promising and innovative strategy for dentin biomodification.

Objectives To compare the accuracy, instrumentation time, and success rate of three dynamic navigation systems (DNSs)—infrared-active (IA), infrared-passive (IP), and visible light–passive (VP)—with freehand (FH) operation in locating root canals of maxillary and mandibular molars, providing a basis for technique selection in complex endodontic treatments. Methods Ninety-six extracted human mandibular molars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 24/group): IA-DNS, IP-DNS, VP-DNS, and FH (control). Specimens were embedded in plaster and scanned with CBCT (0.3 mm slice thickness). In DNS groups, fiducial markers enabled real-time tracking of the bur position. The FH group used a microscope with CBCT reference. Recorded parameters included: angular deviation (°), three-dimensional deviations at entry and target points (mm), instrumentation time (s), tooth structure loss (mm³), and success rate of canal location. Data were analysed using ANOVA and chi-square tests (α = 0.05). Results DNS demonstrated significantly higher accuracy than FH. Angular deviations in DNS groups (IA: 0.64° ± 0.34°, IP: 0.59° ± 0.32°, VP: 0.63° ± 0.24°) were 94.3% to 94.7% lower than FH (11.03° ± 4.70°) (P < .001). Three-dimensional deviations at entry (0.57-0.70 mm) and target (0.59-0.80 mm) were significantly smaller than FH (1.64 mm and 1.26 mm, respectively; P < .001). Tooth structure loss in DNS groups (9.79-11.03 mm³) was reduced by 26.8% to 34.6% compared to FH (14.98 mm³; P < .001). No significant difference in operative time was observed among groups (176-183 s, P > .05). Success rate was significantly higher in DNS groups (99.54%, 215/216) than FH (93.06%, 67/72; P = .004). No significant differences were observed among the three DNS types for any parameter. Conclusion DNS significantly enhanced accuracy of root canal location in molars, reducing angular deviation by >94%, minimizing tooth structure loss by >26%, and increasing success rate to 99.5%. Performance was consistent across different optical principles and signal mechanisms, supporting DNS as a viable option for precise management of calcified canals and other nonsurgical endodontic procedures.

Prosthodontics is rapidly entering the digital era, with computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) soon becoming the mainstream method for fixed restoration design. Recent advances in image recognition, data analytics, and decision systems are accelerating the use of artificial intelligence (AI), shifting workflows from simple automation to adaptive, learning-based design. Nevertheless, clear clinical guidance remains limited. This expert consensus sets out core principles, technology categories, and priority use cases for AI in fixed restorations, and proposes Standardized Operating Procedures that span from preoperative planning, digital impression processing, tooth preparation evaluation, to functional design and personalized esthetic design. It also defines quality control checkpoints and ethical safeguards that highlight the central role of the clinician in reviewing and validating AI outputs. Recommendations are provided for data governance, including security, privacy, and auditability. Finally, the document outlines near-term development needs such as interoperable data standards, transparent model reporting, and clinically oriented validation metrics. The goal is to support standardized, safe, and effective clinical adoption of AI in fixed dental restorations.

The clinical management of infected wounds remains challenging due to limitations of conventional therapies and risks of bacterial infections. Though electrical stimulation (ES) is promising for infected wound healing, conventional ES devices face practical barriers. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) offer a new strategy for ES in wound healing, yet bacterial infections can corrode TENG materials and reduce their efficacy. Here, we developed a self-powered wound dressing system based on TENG, incorporating an antibacterial conductive hydrogel composed of polydopamine (PDA), polyacrylamide (PAM), and metal-organic framework zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67). This hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties and intrinsic antibacterial activity, reducing infection risks and protecting TENG integrity. In vitro studies revealed that such TENG patch promoted the proliferation, adhesion and migration of keratinocytes, and achieving over 96% bactericidal efficiency against both S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, the TENG patch facilitated the infected rat skin wound to heal within 14 days by reducing inflammatory response and promoting tissue regeneration. This work provides a new solution with clinical potential for treating infected wounds by synergistic effects of electrical stimulation and novel antibacterial materials, and opens up a new insight in designing TENG devices.

Hydrogel-based electronic skins (e-skins) are attractive for wearable bioelectronics and wound care. However, their performance is often limited by insufficient adhesion, unstable conductivity, and weak antibacterial activity. Here, we designed a chemically coupled dual-network conductive hydrogel that integrates wet adhesion, robust mixed ionic-electronic transport, and intrinsic antibacterial activity. The obtained hydrogel serves as a stable bioelectronic interface that enables reliable on-skin sensing and delivers a quantified, self-powered stimulus at the biointerface (similar to 118 mV), thereby amplifying antibacterial efficacy and promoting the repair of infected wounds. This architecture combines catechol-mediated and zwitterionic interfacial interactions with a mixed ionic-electronic conductive network, achieving high conductivity (approximate to 2.5 S/m), robust stretchability (approximate to 400% at approximate to 7 kPa), and strong, repeatable adhesion to tissue and various substrates. It also exhibits rapid sensory response/recovery times (300/440 ms), closely mimicking human skin sensitivity and enabling accurate monitoring of strain and electrophysiological signals. When used as a soft electrode in a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), the DN-hydrogel enables self-powered electrical stimulation, significantly enhancing keratinocyte proliferation, collagen deposition, and tissue regeneration in an infected full-thickness wound model, resulting in accelerated closure compared with hydrogel alone and control dressings. Antibacterial studies combining colony counting and membrane integrity assays indicate that quaternary ammonium groups in the PSBMA network disrupt bacterial membranes, while triboelectric stimulation further amplifies bactericidal efficacy by modulating membrane potential. Overall, this study demonstrates a soft, self-adhesive conductive hydrogel e-skin that integrates sensing, antibacterial activity, and triboelectric stimulation, and proposes a materials-focused strategy for coupling multifunctional hydrogels with self-powered bioelectronic systems.

OBJECTIVES:This study aims to analyze the clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations in patients with temporomandibular disorder syndrome (TMD), who are sensitive to sudden temperature drop. METHODS:One hundred and nineteen patients with TMD who attended the Department of Stomatology of the First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital from December 2022 to December 2023 were included, including 44 males and 75 females, with a mean age of 32.4±13.7 years.The questionnaire was used to determine whether they were sensitive to temperature drop, and the TMD patients were divided into a temperature plunge-sensitive group and a temperature drop insensitive group. The clinical symptoms and imaging manifestations of patients in the two groups were observed. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS:There was no statistically significant difference between the gender and age of patients in the temperature plunge-sensitive group (50 patients) and the insensitivity group (69 patients) (P>0.05). The percentage of patients with pain was slightly higher in the temperature plunge-sensitive group [86.0% (43/50)] than in the insensitive group [68.1% (47/69)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.031, P=0.025), while the differences in joint murmur and mouth opening limitation between the two groups were not statistically significant. A total of 238 lateral joints were detected in both groups, the percentage of osteoarthropathic imaging changes was significantly higher in the temperature plunge-sensitive group [82.0% (82/100)] than in the insensitive group [53.6% (74/138)] (χ2=20.675, P<0.001). Magnetic imaging showed that the percentage of joint effusion was higher in patients in the temperature plunge-sensitive group [66.0% (33/50)] than in the insensitive group [42.0% (29/69)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=5.602, P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS:TMD patients with maxillofacial pain symptoms, joint effusions, and abnormal imaging of osteoarticular structures are more likely to be sensitive to sudden temperature drops.

Wound infections remain difficult to treat with single‐mode photothermal (PTT), photodynamic (PDT), or thermodynamic therapy (TDT). To overcome these limitations, RDL3 nanoparticles are developed through co‐assembly of two functional polymers—LGMJ (PDT/PTT) and RMJ (TDT)—with DSPE‐mPEG 2000 . Under single‐wavelength NIR‐I irradiation, RDL3 simultaneously generates reactive oxygen species ( 1 O 2 and •OH) via LGMJ‐mediated PDT, produces mild hyperthermia (≤48 °C) through LGMJ's photothermal conversion, and releases carbon radicals (•C) from RMJ's heat‐cleavable azo bonds. This triple‐therapy synergy achieves >94% inhibition against multidrug‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. In infected maxillofacial wounds in mice, RDL3+NIR‐I promotes near‐complete tissue restoration by eliminating pathogens through combined ROS/heat/radical action and activating endogenous tissue repair mechanisms. Crucially, self‐regulated biodegradation occurs via ROS‐sensitive thioketal bonds in LGMJ and heat‐labile azo bonds in RMJ, ensuring rapid clearance and high biosafety. RDL3 thus represents a biocompatible, broad‐spectrum platform for non‐antibiotic anti‐infective therapy.

A novel dental implant training method based on mixed reality (MR) navigation technology was developed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the learning effect of this method in novices. We designed and developed an MR-based training method that provides real-time supervision, teaching, and guidance. Thirty novices who had passed a baseline test and had no prior experience with implant surgery were randomly divided into two groups: the MR Group (n = 15) was trained using the MR training method, while the traditional group (n = 15) received training using conventional methods. Each group involved the following steps: (I) pretest; (II) immediate post-test; (III) dental implant training and (IV) retention test. Implant deviations, including platform points, middle points, apex points and axial angles, were measured. Subsequently, learning curves were analyzed, and the usability of the system was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS). After training with both methods, the implantation deviations in both groups were significantly reduced compared with the pretest (P < 0.001). Except for the axial angle deviation in the immediate post-test, all deviations in the MR group on the immediate post-test and retention test were significantly lower than those in the traditional group (P < 0.05). The learning curve results showed that the learning time and learning effect of the MR group (Y = -95.62X + 1499) during the training process were better than those of the traditional group (Y = -77.36X + 1367). The MR group (80.83 ± 4.88) had significantly greater SUS scores than did the traditional group (69.50 ± 5.36) (P < 0.0001). This MR-training method demonstrates excellent usability and can significantly improve the implantation learning outcomes for novices. Compared to traditional methods, it exhibits better immediate and retention learning effects. This approach offers a novel perspective and strategy for developing personalized and efficient implant placement teaching methods.

Aim or purpose: A novel mixed reality (MR)-guided dental implant training system was developed and evaluated for its learning effect of this method in novices. Materials and methods: We designed and developed a MR based training method that provides real-time supervision, real-time teaching, and real-time guidance. Thirty novices who had passed a baseline test and had no prior experience with implant surgery were randomly divided into two groups: the MR Group (n=15) was trained using the MR training method, while the traditional group (n=15) was received training using conventional methods. Each group involved the following steps: (I) pretest; (II) immediate post-test; (III) implantology training and (IV) retention test. Implant deviations, including platform points, middle points, apex points and axial angles, were measured. Subsequently, learning curves were analyzed, and the usability of the system was evaluated using the System Usability Scale (SUS). Results: After training with the two methods, the deviation of the MR group was significantly lower than that of the traditional group. Learning curve results showed better learning time and effect for the MR group (Y = -95.62X + 1499) compared to the traditional group (Y = -77.36X + 1367). The MR group also had significantly higher SUS scores (80.83 ± 4.880) than the traditional group (69.50 ± 5.362) (P<0.0001). Conclusions: This MR-guided dental implant training method can significantly enhance the learning effect of novices, which offering a novel perspective and strategy for developing personalized and efficient implant placement teaching methods.

Masticatory dysfunction induces astrocyte hyperplasia and disrupts brain cholesterol homeostasis, but the specific mechanism by which unilateral mastication drives cognitive decline remains unclear. A rat model of experimental unilateral mastication (EUM) was established via unilateral maxillary anterior and posterior tooth extraction, characterized by asymmetric masseter electromyography (EMG), muscle fiber type distribution, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Behavioral tests assessed learning and memory. Hippocampal changes were analyzed for astrocyte reactivity and synaptic integrity. Targeted cholesterol metabolomics profiled cholesterol species, with correlation analyses exploring links between metabolic perturbations and synaptic dysfunction. EUM rats showed accelerated learning deficits and memory decline. Hippocampal analyses revealed reactive astrocytosis and synaptic degeneration. Metabolomics identified hippocampal cholesterol ester accumulation, with dysregulated biosynthesis and efflux/metabolism pathways. Correlation analyses linked cholesterol dysregulation to synaptic impairment, with reduced 24-hydroxycholesterol as a key mediator. Unilateral mastication impacts brain health via hippocampal cholesterol dysregulation, suggesting targeting cholesterol metabolism may mitigate associated cognitive decline. These findings highlight a potential connection between masticatory dysfunction and cognitive decline mediated by cholesterol metabolic pathways, providing mechanistic insights into oral-brain axis interactions with implications for preventing cognitive impairment.

The loss of the intrinsic "mechano-electro-biochemical" cascade effect in critical-sized bone defects (CSBDs) impedes the bone self-healing process. Traditional strategies cannot provide bionic electrical output, thereby failing to sufficiently activate the "mechano-electro-biochemical" cascade effect in situ and limiting the repair efficiency of CSBDs. Here, a bionic, self-adhesive, and biodegradable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) called PPCs-TENG using silk-fibroin-derived peptide (Cs)-grafted polydopamine-polyacrylamide (PPCs) as the electrode layer is fabricated. It provides bionic electrical stimulation (bio-ES) in response to the host's motion status. It reestablishes the resting potential during host rest and generates real-time biofeedback action potential during host movement. Further, it activates the "mechano-electro-biochemical" cascade effect for accelerating the repair of CSBDs. The bio-ES generated from PPCs-TENG enriches extracellular osteogenesis-related biochemical factors at the CSBD site. It also activates the intracellular mechanosensitive protein Piezo1, thereby promoting calcium signaling and intracellular mechano-transduction pathways. This activation enhances the proliferation and migration of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and promotes osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs and angiogenesis in HUVECs. In vivo tests demonstrate that PPCs-TENG significantly accelerates the repair of CSBDs in situ.

Currently, single-unit, dual-unit, and triple-unit structured light 3D scanning technologies have become the predominant facial scanning methods. However, the impact of different unit strategies on facial scanning accuracy remains unclear. A standardized 3D facial model in a smiling state was established. Key point reference coordinates and 3D data were obtained using a coordinate measurement instrument and an industrial-grade laser 3D scanner. Three structured light scanning techniques (single-, dual-, triple-unit) were utilized to capture the 3D information of the model. Linear distance deviations and 3D surface deviations (trueness and precision) of the three scanning strategies were compared. The triple-unit scanning strategy exhibited the lowest deviation among 20 trueness indicators and 22 precision indicators for linear distance measurements (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the accuracy of the triple-unit strategy (trueness: 0.1607 ± 0.0201 mm, precision: 0.0161 ± 0.0112 mm) for overall facial scanning was significantly lower than that of the single-unit and dual-unit strategies, particularly in critical regions for oral and maxillofacial aesthetic analysis, such as the orbital, nasal, and perioral regions. The triple-unit structured light scanning strategy significantly enhances the accuracy of facial 3D scanning, particularly when acquiring 3D facial information from the midline and perioral regions. This in vitro study demonstrates that the triple-unit structured light 3D scanning strategy effectively improves the accuracy of facial scanning, especially in the oral-maxillofacial aesthetic regions. This approach provides a foundation and support for both preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of aesthetic restoration.

Aim or purpose: This study develops oxygen-vacancy-engineered CeO₂ nanosheets for synergistic antibacterial/anti-inflammatory periodontitis therapy via ultrasound (US), overcoming limitations of conventional treatments (Hosseini Hooshiar M et al., J Nanobiotechnol 2024;22:207; Kim YG et al., Adv Mater 2024;36:e2210819) Materials and methods: CeO₂ nanosheets were synthesized via hydrothermal reduction and characterized by HRTEM/XPS/EPR. Antimicrobial tests used P. gingivalis (ATCC 33277) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 29522) with US (1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm²), assessing ROS generation, live/dead staining, and lipid peroxidation. Antibiofilm effects were evaluated via H₂S scavenging, and macrophage phagocytosis. Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=8 per group) were subjected to periodontitis induction through P. gingivalis inoculation combined with ligature placement (Ethics Approval 2023-X19-35). Following 4 weeks of CeO₂ nanosheet treatment, animals underwent comprehensive evaluation including micro-CT analysis, histopathological examination (H&E and Masson staining), and immunohistochemical assessment of IL-6/TNF-α expression. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (p<0.05). Results: US-activated CeO₂ showed 4.2-fold higher ROS production versus controls, eliminating 99.5% pathogens. Biofilm biomass reduced by 92% via combined H₂S depletion. Treatment decreased alveolar bone loss by 48% and inflammatory cytokines by 5.6-fold in vivo. Conclusions: The dual-functional CeO₂ nanosheets represent a breakthrough in periodontitis therapy by synergistically eradicating pathogens and modulating host immunity, offering superior efficacy to conventional approaches.

OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to investigate the correlation between clinical symptoms and unilateral chewing habits in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) accompanied by tinnitus. METHODS:A total of 285 patients diagnosed with TMD at the Department of Stomatology of the First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital between December 2020 and May 2024 were included and divided into two groups: tinnitus group and non-tinnitus group. Analysis was conducted on the proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in both groups, the correlation between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing, and the correlation of tinnitus with TMD clinical symptoms (joint clicking, joint pain, and limited mouth opening) and unilateral chewing habits. The correlation of the type of disc displacement with unilateral chewing and tinnitus was also examined. RESULTS:In the tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 90.70% (39/43) and 9.30% (4/43), respectively. In the non-tinnitus group, the proportions of patients with and without unilateral chewing habits were 76.03% (184/242) and 23.97% (58/242), respectively. The proportion of patients with unilateral chewing habits in the tinnitus group was significantly higher than in the non-tinnitus group (χ2=4.613, P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between tinnitus and unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). In the left-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of left-sided unilateral chewers [54.55% (12/22)] was higher than that of right-sided unilateral chewers [45.45% (10/22)]. In the right-sided tinnitus group, the proportion of right-sided unilateral chewers [81.82% (9/11)] was higher than that of left-sided unilateral chewers [18.18% (2/11)]. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=7.282, P<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the side of tinnitus and the side of unilateral chewing habits (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with pain was significantly higher in the tinnitus group than in the non-tinnitus group (P<0.05). No significant difference in the proportion of joint clicking or limited mouth opening and disc displacement (no disc displacement, unilateral disc displacement, bilateral disc displacement, reducible disc displacement, or irreducible disc displacement) was found between the tinnitus and non-tinnitus groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:TMD with unilateral chewing habits may be a contributing factor to unexplained tinnitus. Unexplained tinnitus is correlated with joint pain in patients with TMD.

A high‐glucose environment induces an imbalance in mitochondrial homeostasis, and further results in decreased autophagic capacity and energy metabolism in mitochondria. This mitochondrial dysfunction inhibits the regeneration of bone tissue. Electrical stimulation (ES) is an efficient strategy to rebalance the mitochondrial homeostasis to further accelerate the bone regeneration process. However, traditional ES strategies are invasive and easily cause secondary trauma, limiting their medical application. Here, we designed a new noninvasive direct‐current electric field (DCEF) strategy. This strategy can provide ES in situ without implantation. The results show that this strategy can target and regulate mitochondrial homeostasis through the PI3K–AKT signaling pathway, activate mitochondrial autophagy, alleviate high‐glucose‐induced mitochondrial damage, and further promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Consequently, this exogenous noninvasive ES strategy can effectively accelerate the repair of bone defects in a high‐glucose environment through alleviating mitochondrial damage.

Exogenous electrical stimulation (ES) can significantly enhance the wound healing acceleration. However, most power-generating devices and materials are limited due to structural complexity, external power dependence, and low bio-safety. Here, we design and synthesize a porous hydrogel with gas-solid contact-separation triboelectricity (GSHL). It exhibits excellent physicochemical properties and bio-safety. Also, its inner pores provide a gas-solid interface, which generates a stable self-powered triboelectric potential difference due to the deformation of the interior pores when pressed by the motion of hosts. This exogenous triboelectric stimulation can enhance the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of keratinocytes. In vivo experiments show that GSHL can generate ES at wound bed in situ through the movements of rats, accelerate re-epithelization, and enhance collagen deposition, thereby enhancing the healing of skin wounds. Compared to traditional methods that depending on an external power source to achieve ES for wound healing, this study introduces a novel triboelectric method that is self-powered solely through the intrinsic movement of the organism without any external electrical input.

Abstract Infectious oral diseases are longstanding global public health concerns. However, traditional medical approaches to address these diseases are costly, traumatic, and prone to relapse. Here, we propose a foodborne prophylactic strategy using aloin to safeguard dental collagen. The effect of aloin on the stability of dental collagen was evaluated by treating dentin with a solution containing aloin (0.1 mg/mL) for 2 min. This concentration is comparable to the natural aloin content of edible aloe. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the interactions between aloin and dentin collagen. Our findings, obtained through fluorescence spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Gaussian peak fitting, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, revealed that aloin interacts with dental collagen through noncovalent bonding, specifically hydrogen bonding in situ. This interaction leads to a reduction in the distance between molecules and an increase in the proportion of stable α‐helical chains in the dental collagen. The ultimate tensile strength and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that dental collagen treated with aloin exhibited improved mechanical strength and thermostability. Additionally, the release of hydroxyproline, cross‐linked carboxy‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and C‐terminal cross‐linked telopeptide of type I collagen, along with weight loss, indicated an enhancement in the enzymatic stability of dental collagen. These findings suggest that aloin administration could be a daily, nondestructive, and cost‐effective strategy for managing infectious oral diseases.