确定补偿资标准是矿产开发生态补偿机制构建的关键,也是难点.实物期权二叉树模型能比较精确地计算出项目预期收益,而项目预期收益与实际收益的差额就是生态补偿额中的发展机会成本.运用此模型对湖南花垣县生态补偿额度中发展机会成本的年补偿额进行核算得知,目前矿区生态补偿额的征收标准过低,远远不能满足生态补偿的要求,因此,国家应增加生态补偿资金的拨付或加大税费征收力度,以达到对矿产资源的有偿使用和合理利用.

从经济效益、资源利用效率、生态环境治理和社会生活质量四个方面构建了我国油气开发可持续发展指标体系.根据2012年山东省9个地级市的统计数据,运用主成分分析法对我国油气开发可持续发展的水平进行了评估,并根据实证结果对油气开发可持续发展提出了建议.

In this paper,with the government and the enterprise as the subject of decision,we established the game model of the agricultural produce reverse logistics,obtained the solution of Nash equilibrium of the model and,through analyzing the finding,pointed out the corresponding strategies of the government and the enterprises in establishing the reverse logistics system.

Based on common marketing,Eco-marketing is a way of marketing focused on uniting consumer demand with business interests and environmental interests.Its performance can be evaluated by constructing index system of eco-marketing,in which the main problems of eco-marketing activities of enterprises can be found to improve and increase marketing performance,and to make reference to achieving standardized management.

Objective To explore the distribution characteristics of fungi from soil of mangrove in Hainan.Methods Isolation and culture fungi from mangrove soil samples on the PDA medium,identified and explore the taxonomic status of strains by means of observation on morphology and cultural characteristics,combined with rDNA ITS sequences of squence and phylogenetic analysis.Results 325 fungus strains attained from mangrove soil samples were distributed in 14 genera,counting Penicillium sp.29.84%,Trichoderma sp.22.46%,Aspergillus sp.20.00%,Paecilomyces sp.6.46%,Cladosporium sp.4.31%.Conclusion The fungi resources in mangrove are abundant in Hainan.Penicillium sp.,Trichoderma sp.and Aspergillus sp.were the main genera.

确定补偿标准是矿产开发生态补偿机制构建的关键。本文首先构建了矿产开发生态补偿标准模型,即"补偿费=生态破坏损失+生态恢复费用+居民机会成本损失",并运用综合损失补偿法,对湘西州花垣县锰矿开发生态补偿标准进行实证研究,计算出该县生态补偿额度,并提出建立和完善矿山环境恢复治理金制度,扩大资源税征收范围和提高税费率等政策建议。

The paper analyzes the financial risks facing the logistics enterprises,establishes an index system for financial risk warning,proposes howto determine index weight and index value and finally establishes a comprehensive financial risk warning model for logistics enterprises.

Regional industrial structure adjustment is a complex adaptive system,the agent of which is an adaptability agent.The process of regional industrial structure adjustment is essentially a process in which the agents interact with one another and affect one another based on the pursuit of benefits under the adaptability choice.The adaptive choice of the agents based on the pursuit of benefit forms the motivation source of regional industrial structure adjustment.For acquiring the effectiveness of adjusting policy,the establishment and implementation of regional industrial structure adjustment must be based on agent adaptability.

市场经济有不同社会性质的两种。中国经济改革的方向是在坚持社会主义性质的基础上,建立为社会主义服务的有宏观调控的现代市场经济体制。任何背离社会主义、反对宏观调控的经济改革主张都是错误的,必须坚决反对。