2021年是"十四五"开局起步之年,设施农业是都市型现代农业的重要实现形式,在丰富城市"菜蓝子"供应、促进农民持续增收、稳定小农户生产中发挥着重要作用.昌平区农业服务中心结合自身职能,在"十四五"开局之年,对以草莓、蔬菜种植为主的设施农业绿色高效发展进行研究,对推进都市型现代农业的发展方面具有十分现实的意义.文章对北京市昌平区设施农业发展情况进行简单介绍,以飨读者.

为解决北京地区季节性裸露农田扬尘严重的问题,在昌平区开展保护性耕作和传统耕作两种处理模式的对比试验.结果表明:实施保护性耕作能够提高表层土壤平均含水率1.2％、增加地表覆盖率16.2％、减少农田土壤风蚀量38.34％、减少0～60 cm近地表大颗粒农田扬尘21.2％和60～150 cm远地表中小颗粒农田扬尘18.4％,抑制裸露农田扬尘效果显著.

This work used sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker to detect the Bacillus cereus strain in strawberry fields. The purpose was to develop an effective molecular method for detecting the functional target microorganisms applied in agricultural fields. A 3×10 9 CFU/ml vegetative cell suspension based on the functional B. cereus strain TS02 was sprayed on strawberry plants to control powdery mildew. Primer pair LS400: 5’-TCC AAC TAC TTC TCC AT-3' and 3’-TTT GCC ATT ACA TAG AGT-5’ was used to amplify the 400 bp SCAR marker TSS 1 . TSS 1 could detect TS02 specifically, in relation to other 7 Bacillus species and 6 B. cereus strains. Sensitivity detection of TSS 1 to the lowest DNA concentration of TS02 was 78 pg/μl, which corresponded to a density of 8×10 5 CFU/ml cells of strain TS02. TS02 was specifically detected by TSS1 from the collected mixture of microorganisms on leaves during the days 1 - 12 after TS02 was sprayed in strawberry fields. TS02 DNA concentration reached about 2500 pg/μl during the days 5 - 7 after spraying and 156 pg/μl in the final day 12, which corresponded to a density of about 2.5×10 7 and 1.6×10 6 CFU/ml cells of TS02 respectively. These results showed that SCAR marker TSS1 is an effective method for the detection of strain TS02 after applied in fields. This research provided a simple and convenient method of detection of target microorganisms in fields, It could especially help monitor strain TS02 more effectively when widely been applied in agriculture. Key words : Bacillus cereus strain, biocontrol, sequence characterized amplified region marker, strawberry, Sphaerotheca macularis.

The world convention of strawberry in the region of Changping in Beijing in 2012 should be planned actively and executed carefully.Not only the convention should be well prepared,but the strawberry industry in the region of Changping should be regarded as a development platform to industrialize it and transfer it into the industry as a demonstration with high technology,high efficiency to raise farmers' incomes.

草莓是深受人们喜爱的高端时鲜果品,在全球栽培范围和受欢迎程度仅次于苹果.草莓产业集成了设施农业、籽种农业、观光农业、循环农业的特点,科技含量高,效益水平好,产业链条长,富民效果显著,具有明显的都市型现代农业特征,符合首都农业的发展方向.北京市昌平区历届领导都非常注重促进本区草莓产业的发展,发挥草莓资源的优势,尤其是2007年昌平区委、区政府确立"一花三果"农业产业布局,为本区草莓产业的迅速壮大创造了有利条件.2012年世界草莓大会在北京昌平召开是北京草莓产业发展的新的机遇,为中国草莓更好更快的发展带来新契机,全面提升中国草莓产业发展水平.

The pesticide residues is a serious issue of food safety,countries or regions all over the world pay a great attention to the formulation of pesticide Maximum residue limits(MRLs) criterion,and make the MRLs as the most powerful technical barriers of food trade.China is one of the largest apple trading country in the world,and the apple trading of China is influenced directly by the pesticide residues.In order to let the apple producers and the operators have a better understanding of international trade of apple and major trading nation status of pesticide residues in apple,we make a comparative analysis of apple MRLs of China and Chinese main apple trading countries or regions in the world.We also make a comparative analysis among Chinese major trading partners' MRLs in this paper.The aim of this paper is to provide a valuable reference for apple security limit criterion,and to promote Chinese apple industry.

对北京市昌平区流村镇、南口镇、昌平镇、兴寿镇、崔村镇和南邵镇6个苹果基地的土壤环境质量和灌溉水环境质量进行了调查分析,并根据<土壤环境质量标准GB 15618-1999>、<农田灌溉水质标准GB 5084-92>、<食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准HJ 332-2006>、<农产品安全质量无公害蔬菜产地环境要求GB/T 18407.1-2001>评价其单项和综合污染指数.结果表明,6个基地的土壤污染物含量水平差异较大,变异系数在2%～61%之间;土壤环境质量都能够满足标准的要求,单项评价指数最大为0.593,综合评价指数范围在0.22～0.46;灌溉水环境质量单项评价指数最大为0.3;综合评价指数范围在0.11～0.22之间.表明所监测的6个苹果基地中土壤和灌溉水均未受到污染,处于清洁水平.