为探究在广西葡萄一年两收栽培模式下,不同施肥水平对葡萄产量品质的影响.在不同的生育期对13年以上树龄的正常两收巨峰葡萄开展田间施肥试验,按照不同生育期葡萄营养需求设置5个不同肥料施用水平处理,分析不同处理对葡萄两季葡萄的产量和品质的影响,以期获得适宜的大量元素化肥施用量.结果表明:适量增施氮肥和钾肥有效提高双季葡萄的产量,但是过量则会降低葡萄的产量和品质;适当施用磷肥可以提高两季葡萄中可溶性糖,增加固酸比,过量施用磷肥也会降低葡萄的品质.在葡萄一年两收模式中,巨峰第一季葡萄667m2最佳施肥方案为施用尿素10～20kg,过磷酸钙30～45kg,硫酸钾肥30～40kg;第二季667m2最佳施肥方案为:尿素的为10kg左右,过磷酸钙7.5kg或者不施,硫酸钾15～20kg.

[Objective] To increase the reaistence to the South's high temperature, high humidity and downy mildew of grape varieties and extend the grape supply time, effectively promote the sustained and healthy development of the grape industry in Guangxi.[Method] Through the introduction of Moldovan grape in Nanning of Guangxi, and its botanical characteristics, phenology, growth habits, fruit characteristics and disease resistance and other performances were observed.[Result] After 2 years of the introduction of Moldovan grapes, it could be a successful fruit in Nanning of Guangxi due to the stable results, its high resistance to downy mildew, easy flowering of fruit, no physiological fruit drop, their dark blue, peel, excellent coloring and thick fruitiness.They had the character of soft and juicy pulp, high quality, easy to crack, long fruiting period, a good commodity and very tolerant.[Conclusion] Moldovas grapes are suitable for planting in the Southern Guangxi area due to the high and stable yield, high resistance to downy mildew, good quality fruit, good comprehensive economic characteristics.

分析了南宁地区一年两收栽培模式下巨峰和夏黑葡萄连续两年的物候期与生长发育期的有效积温和光照时数之间的关系.结果表明,第一季光照时数较少,即阴雨天较多时,需要较高的有效积温才能使果实成熟,且从萌芽到果实成熟的时间会延长,而由于南宁地区下半年阴雨天气较少,影响巨峰和夏黑葡萄二季果果实成熟的主要气候因子是有效积温.此外,研究还发现,巨峰和夏黑一、二季果从萌芽到果实成熟的平均生长发育期均比北方短.

以6年生夏黑萄萄为试材,研究不同浓度矮壮素对夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响.结果表明,果实中矮壮素的残留浓度与施用的矮壮素浓度呈正相关性,高浓度的矮壮素能够显著减少果实的穗重、粒重、皮重、纵径、横径.低浓度(0.33 ml/L)矮壮素对于果实品质的影响不稳定,中高浓度(0.5和1.0 mL/L)矮壮素对于果实品质的影响比较稳定.高浓度矮壮素对提高葡萄果实固酸比、降低总黄酮和单宁含量具有显著作用,同时能提高果胶含量和氨基酸尤其是必需氨基酸的含量,提高其营养价值.

The effects of 60Co-γ ray irradiation on the feeding ability and mortality of adults of Phyllotreta striolata were studied.The results showed that the mortality of adults of P.striolata was greatly influenced in 15 days after 200 Gy 60Co-γ ray irradiation,and the mortality rates of male and female adults were 61.67% and 63.33%,respectively.The mortality rate of male adults was higher than that of female adults under the same irradiation dose.10-100 Gy 60Co-γ ray irradiations had little effect on the feeding amount.The feeding amount reduced obviously after 200 Gy 60Co-γ ray irradiation,and that of female adults was higher than that of male adults in the same period under the same irradiation dose.