1949-1966年的党政关系体现了党与政府之间互动形式的多样性与复杂性,蕴涵着重要的国家治理逻辑.从决策过程视角来看,党政关系表现为相关党政组织在推进决策和实施政策过程各环节的职权安排与互动性.基于决策过程分析,1949-1966年的党政关系可以概括为"决策统合型"党政关系,其以党中央对决策过程各类要素与资源的统合为核心,以决策中的功能性分权为基础,主要是围绕着党政分工决策过程、政府请示报告过程、决策贯彻过程而展开,包括了党对政府"总的领导""经常直接领导""全面具体领导"三种阶段形态."决策统合型"党政关系彰显了中国之治的显著优势.

继续发展当代中国马克思主义,有一项重要理论工作,就是要通过严肃而科学的学术化凝练、学理化阐释、学科化构建以及逻辑化表达,进一步推进当代中国马克思主义思想体系建设、科学体系建设、价值体系建设.这样做的目的在于,依靠理论本身的智慧启迪、思想伟力、逻辑魅力和道义感召力,在高质量"自信"的基础上,赢得新的更高层次上的"他信",进而在国际活动中更好地做到:"有理说得出、说了传得开,传了有人信."

Modernization gave birth to party politics, and party politics dominates modernization. Their correlation and interaction have been a major logic behind the evolution of human civilization since the beginning of modern times. The objectivity of China's modernization gives rise to the historical inevitability of party politics, and its relevance to the Chinese nation and to the current time dictates that party politics should be socialist in China and that its development is an irreversible trend. In the Chinese revolution, in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and in the modernization of China over the past century, to accomplish the historic task of national rejuvenation, Chinese socialist party politics has profoundly changed the course of Chinese history, making Chinese society strive for modernization and causing great changes in the contemporary world. During this process, Chinese socialist party politics has had a "distinct fundamental value orientation," followed "the premise of essential theoretical guidance," enjoyed "dominant institutional support," provided "goal-oriented value guidance" and received a "crucial political guarantee." It has combined its own values with China's modernization and played a leading role in this drive. It has pursued the most deep-seated values, demonstrated the most unique characteristics of practice, and made the most significant contribution to civilization. All this is a key element of the experience and theory of the interaction between modernization and Chinese socialist party politics. It also provides crucial support for and guides the value of strengthening the Communist Party of China (CPC) and modernizing China.

思想政治理论课改革创新要坚持建设性和批判性相统一,这既是思想政治理论课本质属性的内在规定,也是思想政治理论课改革创新的重要遵循.建设性原则要求思想政治理论课要传导主流意识形态,弘扬思想主旋律,传递社会正能量;批判性原则要求思想政治理论课要敢于担负批驳错误思潮的职责,理直气壮地发挥好思想政治理论课的思想引领职能.坚持建设性和批判性相统一,体现为两者在本质内容与目标任务上的统一,并内在要求坚定政治立场、优化教学内容、构建有效互动、加强理论研究.

Over the long history of political civilization, the 100 years of the party politics of socialist countries has emerged as a new form of politics. Exploration of the last 100 years of the party politics of socialist countries deals with the self-governance and national governance of Marxist ruling parties. It reflects intraparty relationships, interparty relationships, relationships between party and government and relationships between party and society, as well as foreign relations, and spans three historical periods, comprising the first establishment of party politics in Soviet Russia; the adoption of party rule in other countries, with concomitant setbacks; and the achievement by China, Vietnam and other countries of party political innovation and development. A review of the experience of the past hundred years shows that success in making party politics the basic system in socialist countries and in tapping its full potential is attributable to the efforts made by Marxist ruling parties to undertake fruitful theoretical reflection and grasp values, adhere to the truth and correct mistakes on the basis of exceptional strategic confidence and policy commitment, while constantly opening up new stages of theoretical understanding and practical development. The party politics of socialist countries in the 21st century drives their modernization and cultivates and improves their practice. The union of the two in the magnificent historical process of the sustainable development of socialist institutional civilization will have major and far-reaching significance for building a brighter future for humanity.

党的十九大报告对新时代党的建设新的伟大工程作出全面部署,形成了反映时代要求、面向未来发展的新时代党的建设总要求和八个方面的重点任务,进一步回答了"建设什么样的党、怎样建设党"这一重大历史性课题,标志着我们党对马克思主义执政党建设规律的认识达到了新高度.新时代党的建设总要求强调"全面推进党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设,把制度建设贯穿其中,深入推进反腐败斗争".这一新时代党的建设总体布局抓住了党的建设的关键.新时代,把我们党建设好、建设强,确保党始终成为坚强领导核心,必须深入把握新时代党的建设总体布局.

Against the backdrop of the 19th century, the First International, guided by Marxism, emerged in the form of the early "International Socialist Federation." It viewed the seizure of power as the great mission of the proletariat, actively struggled against bourgeois regimes, strongly responded to the call of times for the theoretical self-consciousness and organized struggle of the proletariat, and exerted a profound historical influence on the stirring inauguration and nationally oriented development of the international Communist movement of the 20th century. From the socialist party political perspective, the First International, once the Communist League, had raised the curtain on socialist party politics, changed the political mode of capitalist party politics' exclusive world domination through the interactive development of new organizational forms, theoretical viewpoints and political practice. It thus left an abundant historical legacy in terms of ideological creation and practical innovation for the subsequent Second International, the Communist International and the emergence and development of socialist party politics within nation-states. Although its socialist party political practice had an obvious "regional," "preliminary" and "tentative" nature, the First International had foundation-laying significance and pioneering value for the development of socialist party politics, whether in terms of organizational vehicles, value orientation and activity content, or in terms of ideological guidance, practical patterns and strategic principles.

党的十八届四中全会召开以来，全国兴起了学习领会和贯彻落实《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》的热潮。本刊特邀请山东大学马克思主义学院院长、山东大学政党研究所所长王韶兴教授主持，就“以政党法治推进法治中国建设”为主题，开展本次笔谈，以期为学习与贯彻党的十八届四中全会精神提供新的视角。

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth CPC Central Committee,scholars have made wide discussions and intensive studies in the system of state governance and its modernization,and have achieved en-riched results in the following four aspects:first,definition of the scientific connotations of governance system and its modernization;second,analysis of the structural elements and traits of governance system;third,exploration in the actualization path of governance system modernization,and fourth,development of evaluation standards for governance system modernization.

全面提升马克思主义学院影响力,这是当前高校马克思主义学院建设与发展的一条主线、主轴.在全面提升马克思主义学院影响力这一系统工程中,提高教学质量是核心,提升科研水平是关键,推动学科发展是根本,加强队伍建设是保障,积极服务社会是要求.

政党能力标志的是政党履行职能的主观条件,也是政党素质的外在表现和实践形态。政党能力作为政党价值实现的必要条件和政党发展的核心驱动,其科学内涵既可以从生成机理、价值指向、内容结构、本质特征、实践机制等自身要素予以认识,还可以从政党建设的价值取向、政党性质的表达机制、政党执政的系统保障等关系要素予以把握。综合性是政党能力的基本表征,科学性是政党能力的第一要义,实践性是政党能力的本质特性,有效性是政党能力的价值所在。确立政党能力的科学概念,总结政党能力的建设经验,深化政党能力的理论认识,把握政党能力的发展规律,构建政党能力的提升机制,是政党能力增量发展以及政党效能质化提升的基本进路。

<正>推进党的干部工作,离不开组织理论方面的研究与探索,中共中央党校无疑为这一研究提供了一个最好的平台。作为党校的嫡传弟子,于学强博士出版的学术专著——《中国干部选拔的问题与对策研究》(中国社会科学出版社2009年版)一书,紧密结合干部工作中的选拔环节,指出了存在的问题并提出相应对策,有较强的可读性。

政党权利、政党权力及政党义务属于政党科学中的元问题。政党权利是政党权力的根本来源及合法性依据,它与政党权力的关系,既是决定与被决定、目的与手段的关系,还是以政党利益为纽带的辩证统一的关系。政党权利的正当性取决于政党对其义务的承诺和履行,它与政党义务是对立统一的关系,政党义务是从相反的方面对政党权利的认定,它的价值意义不仅在于揭示政党义务与政党权利的内在联系,还在于其蕴涵着对政党权利的价值判断和实践要求。政党权利与政党义务的表现形态和价值倾向不同,但都以政党利益为基础。

政党民主的实践形式是政党权利,发展政党民主前提是明确政党权利。政党权利是一个复杂的理论体系和工作机制,在不同的社会历史条件下有不同的表现形式和价值目标,基于不同的分析视角可形成不同的理论见解和实践要求。一般而论,政党权利是指政党站在既定立场上,基于自身生存、发展和发挥作用的需要,对相应资源的支配和享有;具体而言,政党权利可以从个体权利与整体权利、应有权利与实有权利、实体性权利与程序性权利等几个方面加以认识。本文基于当代中国民主政治新的实践和新的发展,从生成机理、主体构成、内容体系、本质属性等方面对政党权利的科学内涵与本质特征予以诠释,旨在通过对政党权利基本理论问题的深入研究,为当代中国民主政治建设提供更为科学的理论支持和路径引导。

政党权力关涉"政党何以成为政党"这一政党科学中的首要的和基本的问题,属于政党问题中的元问题。政党权力包括权力主体、权力客体、权力目的、权力架构和权力实现等项内容,涉及权力来源、权力领域、权力行使、权力保障和权力监督等诸多方面。政党权力的丰富意蕴可以从其职能定位、内容结构、地位作用等几个角度来理解;其基本特征可以从本质上的部分性与作用对象的社会性、时间上的历时性与结果上的"间接性"、本性上的强制性与实现中的自觉性、活动领域的民族性与建设中的世界性、对组织载体的依附性与组织载体的动态性,以及性质要求上的服务性与运行中的变异性等几个方面来分析。正确认识和准确把握政党权利、政党权威、国家权力以及监督制约与政党权力的内在联系与实践要求,对于促进政党权力正确并有效的运行至关重要。

Party ruled by law belongs to the field of party culture. It is not only the inevitable result of party culture develoment, but also an apparent form of party politics. Party ruled by law is a comprehensive concept, including institutional meanings, such as democracy and legal system, rights and duties; mixing together many valuable targets, such as power restraint, governance by law,and etc.; containing the whole activities of party, both from internal and external;and running through the whole process of party's behaviors, both governance of the party's affairs and leading and ruling. Generally speaking, Party ruled by law is a governing model of party, in which the party's all activities should be undertaken in terms of the Constitution and Party regulations. The preconditions of the party ruled by law are the well coordinate between the party law and the national law;The basic contents are the unity of its class character and instrumental nature;And the valuable form of the party ruled by law is the integration of the substantial values and formal values. Party ruled by law is the formation of party culture, and a kind of regime as well.

党的十六大以来,我国各地在社区建设方面开展了卓有成效的工作,在党的建设方面也进行了大量有益的探索,社区党建已成为深化城市党的建设的一个崭新课题.根据该项工作新的实践和新的发展,笔者仅就社区发展及其对社区党的建设提出的新要求,谈几点认识.

越共所说的“四大危机”,是指经济发展滞后的危机、和平演变的危机、偏离社会主义方向的危机和贪污腐败的危机。这是1994年越共七届中期会议首次提出来的。1996年越共召开的八大、2001年召开的九大以及2005年召开的十大都认为“,四大危机”在越南依然存在,并且更加复杂,强调各种危机互相交叉、互相作用,绝不能有任何轻视倾向和表现。

The transformation of Chinese social system from Neo-Democracy to Socialism was determined by the historical necessity and actual specificity,a process of political development motivated by the interaction of them.From a retrospective perspective,the main defects with that process can be conceptualized as“hasty to transform”and“hasty transformation”,which can only be explained by considering all the relevant factors regarding the actual situation,general political thinking and leadership system during the period of 1950s.Rethinking this process of transformation in terms of our nowadays experience in building“socialism with Chinese characteristics”,in the author's point of view,can help us to have a scientific judgment with the historical basis of our socialist construction,and thus contribute to our understanding of the concrete regularity of socialist development in China.