Heat stress, a major challenge in modern agriculture due to global warming, significantly reduces crop productivity. To mitigate its adverse effects on maize yield, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms by which heat stress impacts reproductive development. This study investigated the impact of heat stress during the 12th leaf (V12) stage, where silk development begins on grain yield formation, using heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars. Compared to pollen, silks were found to be more vulnerable to heat stress. Heat stress disrupted hormone balance and inhibited hormone signaling transduction pathways in silks, delaying silk emergence from bracts and reducing fertilization and grain yield. The heat-tolerant cultivar maintained silk growth by activating more response pathways, displaying faster hormone responses, and up-regulating hormones. Taken together, we propose that hormones play an essential role in silk development and later fertilization process.

Polysaccharides are the main active constituents of Jujuba, yet there are few researches on Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Goutouzao polysaccharides. Traditional separation and purification method of Jujuba polysaccharides was ion-exchange column chromatography, which is complicated and time-consuming. In this study, four polysaccharide components (SJP-1, SJP-2, SJP-3, and SJP-4) were obtained from crude Ziziphus Jujuba cv. Goutouzao polysaccharides (SJP) by ethanol fractional precipitation which are higher convenience than traditional method. The physicochemical properties, immune activities, and antioxidant activities (free radical scavenging ability, reducing power, lipid peroxidation, metal chelating power, inhibition of protein oxidative damage, protective effects of HL-7702 cell damage) of SJP and SJP-1–SJP-4 were investigated to determine its major active constituent. These results showed that SJP-4 had the highest antioxidant and immune activities, which could be related to its monosaccharide composition (Ara, 29.5

近年来,国家越来越重视红色文化的有效传播,其中红色文化展陈场所作为传播载体扮演着重要角色.基于此,文章实地调研多地红色文化展示空间现状,分析目前展示设计中存在的优缺点,并大胆提出红色文化流动展示文化馆的创新概念.

Abstract Hypocotyl length is a critical determinant in establishing high quality seedlings for successful cucumber production, but knowledge on the molecular regulation of hypocotyl growth in cucumber is very limited. Here we reported identification and characterization of a cucumber elongated hypocotyl 1 (elh1) mutant. We found that the longer hypocotyl in elh1 was due to longitudinal growth of hypocotyl cells. With fine mapping, the elh1 locus was delimited to a 20.9-kb region containing three annotated genes; only one polymorphism was identified in this region between two parental lines, which was a non-synonymous SNP (G28153633A) in the third exon of CsHY2 (CsGy1G030000) that encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase. Uniqueness of the mutant allele at CsHY2 was verified in 515 cucumber lines. Ectopic expression of CsHY2 in Arabidopsis hy2-1 mutant led to reduced hypocotyl length. The PΦB protein was targeted to chloroplasts. The expression levels of CsHY2 and five phytochrome genes, CsPHYA1, CsPHYA2, CsPHYB, CsPHYC and CsPHYE were all significantly down-regulated while several cell elongation related genes were up-regulated in elh1 mutant compared to wild type cucumber, which are correlated with dynamic hypocotyl elongation in the mutant. RNA-seq analysis in the WT and mutant revealed differentially expressed genes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolisms, cell elongation, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This is the first report to characterize and clone the CsHY2 gene in cucumber. This work reveals the important of CsHY2 in regulating hypocotyl length and extends our understanding of the roles of CsHY2 in cucumber.

Key message We identified a short fruit3 (sf3) mutant in cucumber. Map-based cloning revealed that CsKTN1 gene encodes a katanin p60 subunit, which is associated with the regulation of fruit elongation. Fruit length is an important horticultural trait for both fruit yield and quality of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Knowledge on the molecular regulation of fruit elongation in cucumber is very limited. In this study, we identified and characterized a cucumber short fruit3 (sf3) mutant. Histological examination indicated that the shorter fruit in the mutant was due to reduced cell numbers. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotype of the sf3 mutant was controlled by a single gene with semi-dominant inheritance. By map-based cloning and Arabidopsis genetic transformation, we showed that Sf3 was a homolog of KTN1 (CsKTN1) encoding a katanin p60 subunit. A non-synonymous mutation in the fifth exon of CsKTN1 resulted in an amino acid substitution from Serine in the wild type to Phenylalanine in the sf3 mutant. CsKTN1 expressed in all tissues of both the wild type and the sf3 mutant. However, there was no significant difference in CsKTN1 expression levels between the wild type and the sf3 mutant. The hormone quantitation and RNA-seq analysis suggested that auxin and gibberellin contents are decreased in sf3 by changing the expression levels of genes related with auxin and gibberellin metabolism and signaling. This work helps understand the function of the katanin and the molecular mechanisms of fruit growth regulation in cucumber.

The elongated hypocotyl1 (elh1) mutant in cucumber is due to a mutation in CsHY2, which is a homolog of the Arabidopsis HY2 encoding the phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase for phytochrome biosynthesis Hypocotyl length is a critical determinant in establishing high quality seedlings for successful cucumber production, but knowledge on the molecular regulation of hypocotyl growth in cucumber is very limited. Here, we reported identification and characterization of a cucumber elongated hypocotyl 1 (elh1) mutant. We found that the longer hypocotyl in elh1 was due to longitudinal growth of hypocotyl cells. With fine mapping, the elh1 locus was delimited to a 20.9-kb region containing three annotated genes; only one polymorphism was identified in this region between two parental lines, which was a non-synonymous SNP (G28153633A) in the third exon of CsHY2 (CsGy1G030000) that encodes a phytochromobilin (PΦB) synthase. Uniqueness of the mutant allele at CsHY2 was verified in natural cucumber populations. Ectopic expression of CsHY2 in Arabidopsis hy2-1 long-hypocotyl mutant led to reduced hypocotyl length. The PΦB protein was targeted to the chloroplast. The expression levels of CsHY2 and five phytochrome genes CsPHYA1, CsPHYA2, CsPHYB, CsPHYC and CsPHYE were all significantly down-regulated while several cell elongation related genes were up-regulated in elh1 mutant compared to wild-type cucumber, which are correlated with dynamic hypocotyl elongation in the mutant. RNA-seq analysis in the WT and mutant revealed differentially expressed genes involved in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolisms, cell elongation and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. This is the first report to characterize and clone the CsHY2 gene in cucumber. This work reveals the important of CsHY2 in regulating hypocotyl length and extends our understanding of the roles of CsHY2 in cucumber.

A new species, Balclutha longispina sp. nov. from Yunnan Province of China, is described and Balclutha sinuata Webb Vilbaste is recored from China (Tibet) for the first time. A key to males of Chinese Balclutha species is provided.

A new species, Balclutha longispina sp. nov. from Yunnan Province of China, is described and Balclutha sinuata Webb Vilbaste is recored from China (Tibet) for the first time. A key to males of Chinese Balclutha species is provided.

环境景观设计为环境设计专业的核心主干课程,但其综合性课程特点与专业内容的割裂、实践性课程特点与传统教学模式之间的矛盾已经严重影响教学质量的提升.文章在分析协同教学理念介入环境景观设计课程教学必要性的基础上,提出多师同堂协同、学研教协同、校企协同的改革策略,以期为该类课程的教学探索提供一定的借鉴思路.

A new species, Balclutha longispina sp. nov. from Yunnan Province of China, is described and Balclutha sinuata Webb Vilbaste is recored from China (Tibet) for the first time. A key to males of Chinese Balclutha species is provided.

以西安市地铁1、2、3号线为例,通过实地勘测、现场走访、问卷调查等方式,就地铁公共艺术小品对导视城市文明的功能表现及存在问题与对策进行研究,以期为广大专家学者提供价值参考.

In this study, crude polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis (CPP) were obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. The CPP were separated and purified by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography to give five components (PP1, PP2, PP3, PP4, and PP5) whose physicochemical properties were characterized. The sulfate-group content (20.1%) of PP3 was higher than those of the other four components. PP3 was treated with H2O2-VC, and then dialyzed to obtain degradation products PP3-1 (102 kDa), PP3-2 (72 kDa), PP3-3 (39 kDa), and PP3-4 (20 kDa). The antioxidant activities of the degradation products and PP3 were assessed, which revealed that PP3-4 was significantly more active than the other four components. PP3-4 was purified by Sephadex G-100 to give PP3-4a. The molar ratio of galactose to 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactose in PP3-4a was 10:1. The structure of PP3-4a was characterized by FT-IR and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopies. The results reveal that the structure of PP3-4a contains two -> 3) beta-D-galactose (1 -> 4) 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactose (1 ->, and -> 3) beta-D-ga- lactose (1 -> 4) alpha-L-galactose-6-S (1 -> repeating structural units, with the latter structural units dominating and partially substituted with methoxy groups at some C-6 positions of the beta-D-galactose and C-2 positions of 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactose. The anomeric glycosidic bonds include both a and beta types.

作为我国高等教育最热门的专业之一,环境设计专业在农林院校相继设立并得到快速发展.根据农林院校的艺术教学实际,分析当前农林院校在开办环境设计专业方面存在的问题,并在此基础上,以西北农林科技大学环境设计专业为例,提出培育突出特色的课程体系、创新实践教学体系、构建多元化教学平台、健全教学评价机制等对策建议,以期改革现有的办学模式,探索出独具特色的艺术设计教育之路.

Elongationa gen. nov., a new leafhopper genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) with one new species, E. hyalina sp. nov., is described and illustrated in detail. A checklist and key to species in the genus Midoria are provided including a new species, Midoria curvidentata sp. nov., described in this paper.

平面设计类课程对环境设计专业教育及其复合型人才培养具有良好的促进及支撑作用,但目前专业分类的细化造成了学科间的藩篱.对平面类课程在课程体系上进行适时嵌入、理论创新与实践操作上进行互补转化、教学评价制度上不断改进,将会改变环境设计专业学生相关能力培养的断续、不系统的状态,提升其综合设计能力,也有利于实现学科间的优化组合.

该文从剖析我国农林院校木材材料科学与工程专业(简称"木工专业")家具设计方向绘画类课程现状出发,阐明了绘画类课程在木工专业家具设计方向学习中的重要性,提出了该类课程改革的几个关键点,以期使绘画类基础课更加符合专业特色、帮助学生适应市场的应用型人才需求.

Many films abominate even revolt to rigid educational institution ,both in China and in foreign .In history of film , elementary school and middle school often are viewed as a field that constrained ideas even human nature ,whose presidents always are considered as avatar of old -fashioned and stubborn fellow .Although single teacher dare to renovate oldness and reverenced by students ,he did often fail finally .The complex of anti-education in films roots in the tendency and orientation of western modern educational rule and system that infringe the essences of education especially with humanity ,which is an irrefragable fact ,despite directors’ individual characteristics and their life experience affecting it .Art and education must face humanity directly as well as return to each nature ,but it is how difficult to actualize the goal in this postmodern time of globalization .

影，是一种独特的营造语汇，对中国古代建筑尤其园林裨益良多，但一直未被学界充分重视。天体、气象、山水、花木、鸟兽、物什皆因影而不同凡响。笔者结合《全唐诗》《全宋词》中摹写园林诸物之影的佳句，指陈“影”对建筑空间绵延性与幽深感具有强大的拓展功能，影足可令园林绝处逢生、锦上添花，彰显动静相宜、虚实相生的美学至境。

公共艺术作为极富美学感召力和艺术表现力的景观符号,以其强烈“在场”于城市空间而极具视觉人类学意义,承担着传播城市文化尤其是文脉的光荣使命.公共艺术通过引人共鸣的视觉形象与人文内涵,构成一种神圣的“仪式感”,在象征与隐喻中延续着城市的集体记忆,凝练抑或固化城市的地域特色,进而完成独特的“媒介”使命.在文本与本文、作者与观者、作品与世界、主体与客体的二元多重互动中,公共艺术的“神性”彰显无遗,昭示着平等、参与乃至民主精神,俨然一种强大的可持续文化力.