Supplementary Table 3. The detailed information obtained from Pharmcube regarding the total number of first-in-class (FIC) anti-cancer agents.

Supplementary Table 1. The number of Investigational New Drug (IND) and New Drug Application (NDA) applications retrieved from the Annual Drug Evaluation Report by the Center for Drug Evaluation (CDE) from 2018-2023.

Supplementary Table 2. The number of clinical trials evaluating Chinese anti-cancer agents stratified by different phases from 2018-2023.

BACKGROUND:Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are a family of proteins which functions mainly include controlling cell proliferation, promoting homotypic cell adhesion, and preventing viral infection. This research study attempts to elucidate the association between IFITM10 expression level and gastric cancer (GC).METHODS:Transcriptome sequencing and clinical information on GC and normal tissues was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. R and related statistical packages were used to analyze the relationship between IFITM10 and survival in GC patients based on available clinical information. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) were constructed using the SPSS software package. IFITM10 expression levels in patients tissue samples were examined by qPCR and association between IFITM10 expression and clinic characteristics was analyzed using SPSS. The signaling pathway associated with IFITM10 was analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).RESULTS:In the TCGA database, IFITM10 was highly expressed in GC tissues (P<0.001). Area under the curve (AUC) value for IFITM10 in all samples was 0.813, while AUC value in the paired GC and adjacent tissues was 0.955. In the sample of surgical patients, IFITM10 was highly expressed in GC tissues (P<0.001). IFITM10 expression was higher in T1 and T2 tissues (P=0.042), male patients (P=0.031), and tissues without neuro infiltration (P=0.008).CONCLUSIONS:IFITM10 is highly expressed in GC and can serve as an early diagnostic indicator. High expression of IFITM10 was related to a low T stage in GC.

Gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant tumors, with rapid progression and poor prognosis. The role of chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1) in the development and progression of gastric cancer was explored and clarified in this study. The immunohistochemistry analysis of clinical tissue samples as well as data mining of public database showed that CHSY1 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer and associated with more advanced tumor stage and poorer prognosis. In vitro loss-of-function experiments demonstrated the inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, as well as the promoted cell apoptosis by CHSY1 knockdown. Moreover, recovery of CHSY1 expression could attenuate the regulatory effects induced by CHSY1 knockdown. Correspondingly, gastric cancer cells with CHSY1 knockdown showed reduced tumorigenicity and slower tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, this study identified CHSY1 as a tumor promotor in gastric cancer, which may be utilized as a novel indicator of patients' prognosis and therapeutic target for developing more effective drug for GC treatment.

Adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) has attracted more attention in recent years. Surgical method of Siewert type Ⅱ AEG is especially controversial, mainly focusing on the scope of lymph node dissection, safety of surgical margin, and digestive tract reconstruction. The abdominal transhiatal approach and right thoracoabdominal Ivor-Lewis approach are the main surgical approaches of totally laparoscopic or thoracoscopic surgery for Siewert type Ⅱ AEG, which not only need close teamwork, but also require rich experience in laparoscopic surgery. The authors has started to choose these two totally minimally invasive surgical approaches, the feasibility and safety of which are proved. The key surgical details are presented in this article for reference.

Angiosperm leaf venation is based on two major patterns, typically dicotyledonous branching and monocotyledonous parallel veins. The influence of these patterns on deformation and fracture properties is poorly understood. In this paper, three species of dicotyledons with netted venation and three species of monocots with parallel venation were selected, and the effect of vein distribution of leaves on their mechanical properties and deformation behavior was investigated. Whole images of leaves were captured using a digital camera, and their vein traits were measured using the image processing software Digimizer. A self-developed mechanical testing apparatus with high precision and low load was used to measure the tensile properties of leaves. The deformation behavior of the leaf was captured using a digital microscope during the tensile test. Results showed that the vein architecture of monocots and dicots is different, which had a remarkable effect on their mechanical properties, deformation behavior, and crack propagation behavior. The greater the diameter and the more the number of veins parallel to the tensile direction, the higher the tensile force, tensile strength, and elastic modulus of the leaves. The netted venation leaves evinced the elastic-plastic fracture type, and the hierarchy venation provided resistance to fracture propagation of cracks in the leaves by lengthening the crack path. The leaves with parallel venation behaved in a predominantly brittle manner or elastic fracture type, and the parallel venation inhibited the initiation of cracks in the leaves by increasing the load at complete fracture of the leaves. The investigation provides reference for a stiffened plate/shell structure and bionic anticrack design.

目的:评价经肛门微创手术中应用自制经肛单孔多通道装置治疗直肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床价值.方法:回顾分析2016年7月至2017年12月收治的5例行直肠神经内分泌肿瘤局部切除患者的临床资料.结果:5例患者均顺利完成手术,术中术野稳定、清晰,无漏气、意外发生,术后病理报告示切缘(包括环周及垂直)阴性.中位手术时间55(40～75)min,中位失血量38(22～105)mL,术后中位住院时间5(4～7)d.术后1例患者发热,经对症治疗后治愈;未出现肛门括约肌功能异常.术后随访12个月,无局部复发病例,无排便困难、直肠狭窄发生.结论:自制经肛单孔多通道装置安全、可行,经济实惠,取材方便;此平台还可用于直肠良性肿瘤、T1期直肠癌的治疗,虽然存在一定的技术不足,但仍具有一定的临床应用前景.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Advanced diagnosis and high rates of relapse and metastasis are associated with the poor prognosis of this disease. GC has a complex etiopathogenesis of which the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. Studies on circular RNAs (circRNAs), noncoding RNAs that may be potential targets in GC, have made substantial progress over the past few years. CircRNAs exert important effects on the onset and progression of GC. Hence, this article aims to summarize the findings of recent studies of circRNAs related to GC and to describe the underlying mechanisms and potential applications. The findings indicate that circRNAs participate in GC regulation, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis through regulating microRNAs, proteins, genes, and signaling pathways. In addition, dysregulated circRNAs may be used as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets. This review is expected to facilitate a better understanding of GC, and it suggests novel circRNA-based methods to inhibit or prevent GC.

目的:探讨吉林大学第一医院(以下简称"我院")静脉用药调配中心(pharmacy intravenous admixture services,PIVAS)审方药师对不合理静脉用药医嘱的干预效果,为规范医师开具医嘱提供依据.方法:选取2018年7—12月我院PIVAS接收的1653620条静脉用药医嘱,进行统计、归纳和分析.结果:1653620条静脉用药医嘱中,不合理医嘱1566条,医嘱不合理率为0.09％;不合理医嘱主要表现为溶剂选择不适宜、医嘱录入错误及溶剂用量不适宜等;干预成功1557条,干预成功率为99.43％.结论:审方药师对不合理医嘱进行分析、干预,能及时预防和减少不合理用药引发的风险.应不断完善用药制度,促进临床合理用药,保障患者用药安全.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of modified totally laparoscopic intra-gastric surgery for the treatment of submucosal tumors adjacent to the cardia or pylorus.Methods The retrospective crosssectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 48 patients with gastric submucosal tumors adjacent to the cardia or pylorus between September 2014 and March 2018 were collected.There were 22 males and 26 females,aged from 38 to 78 years,with an average age of 58 years.Patients were performed multi-port or singleport modified laparoscopic intra-gastric surgery.Observation indicators:(1) surgical treatments;(2) postoperative recovery;(3) results of postoperative pathological examination;(4) follow-up.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview to detect the postoperative complications and tumor metastasis and recurrence up to June 2018.Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD and measurement data with skewed distribution were described as M (range).Count data were represented as absolute number or percentage.Results (1) Surgical treatments:48 patients underwent modified totally laparoscopic intra-gastric surgery successfully,including one patient combined with proximal gastrectomy,without conversion to open surgery.Of the 48 patients,43 underwent multi-port modified laparoscopic intra-gastric surgery and 5 underwent single-port modified laparoscopic intra-gastric surgery.The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss were 68 minutes (range,45-110 minutes) and 20 mL (range,5-100 mL).The oncologic evaluation of 48 patients:48 patients had complete resection of tumors,without tumor rupture.The tumor diameter and distance from margin to tumor were 32 mm (range,20-40 mm) and 6 mm (range,5-10 mm).(2) Postoperative recovery:the time for initial oral intake and duration of postoperative stay were 2.8 days (rang,1.0-5.0 days) and 5.3 days(range,3.0-11.0 days).There were 4,3,1 and 1 patients complicated with surgical infection,delayed gastric emptying,sub-phrenic hydrops and digestive leakage respectively in the 48 patients.(3) Results of postoperative pathological examination:the distance from tumor margin to gastric cardia or pylorus,tumor diameter,circumferential resection margin were 15 mm (range,0-30 mm),24 mm (range,10-65 mm),6 mm (range,5-10 mm),respectively.Growth patterns of cancer in the 48 patents included 27 of intraluminal type,12 of intermural type,9 of mixed type.Pathological types of 48 patients:there were 26 patients with leiomyoma,9 with gastrointestinal stromal tumor,4 with other rare tumors,2 with carcinoid,2 with mucosa associated lymphoma,2 with inflammatory fibrous polyps,2 with gastritis cystica profunda,1 with ectopic pancreas.(4) Follow-up:41 of the 48 patients were followed up for 3-48 months,with a median follow-up time of 22 months.No tumor recurrence was detected in 37 of 41 patients by 3 times of gastroscopy and no stenosis or dysfunction of cardia or pylorus was detected in 39 patients by 2 times of upper gastrointestinal imaging (one patient undergoing two examinations).During the follow-up,there was no surgery-related complication or tumorspecific death.Conclusion Modified totally laparoscopic intra-gastric surgery is safe and feasible for the treatment of gastric submucosal tumors adjacent to the cardia or pylorus.

The Warburg effect in tumor cells involves the uptake of high levels of glucose, enhanced glycolysis, and the metabolism of pyruvate to lactic acid rather than oxidative phosphorylation to generate energy under aerobic conditions. This effect is closely related to the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis of gastric cancer (GC). Current research has further demonstrated that the Warburg effect in GC cells is not only mediated by the glycolysis pathway, but also includes roles for mitochondria, noncoding RNAs, and other proteins that do not directly regulate metabolism. As a result, changes in the glycolysis pathway not only lead to abnormal glucose metabolism, but they also affect mitochondrial functions, cellular processes such as apoptosis and cell cycle regulation, and the metabolism of lipids and amino acids. In this review, we discuss metabolic reprogramming in GC based on glycolysis, a possible link between glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, and we clarify the role of mitochondria. We also examine recent studies of metabolic inhibitors in GC.

因SiewertⅡ型食管胃结合部腺癌(adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction,AEG)的特殊解剖位置,针对于AEG的手术入路选择及消化道重建方式,一直是胸、腹部外科争论的焦点.以往的观点认为完全经腹腔入路不能完成胸腔淋巴结清扫,因此,相较于经腹手术与经胸手术,外科医生们更推崇胸腹联合入路对SiewertⅡ型AEG完成根治[1].然而,随着腹腔镜手术技术的进步,完全经腹腔镜或胸腹腔镜联合治疗SiewertⅡ型AEG的手术入路在世界范围内逐步开展并得到迅速的推广[2?4].其中,完全腹腔镜下经胸腔的手术入路可为充分的下纵隔淋巴结清扫及全腔镜下的消化道重建提供开阔的空间.

Intraoperative hemorrhage is the most common complication of laparoscopic radical gastrectomy,which is also the main cause of conversion to open surgery.With the popularization of laparoscopic surgery technology worldwide,how to complete high-quality surgery and effectively avoid intraoperative or postoperative complications is the goal pursued by all surgeons.Intraoperative hemorrhage in the laparoscopic radical gastrectomy is mainly divided into parenchymal hemorrhage,perigastric vascular injury-induced hemorrhage,lymph node hemorrhage and anastomotic bleeding.Compression,electrocoagulation,vascular clipping and vascular suture repair are the most common treatments for intraoperative hemorrhage.It is necessary to use above methods in clinical work.Proficiency in laparoscopic operation skills,familiarity with perigastric vascular anatomy and variation,and improved teamwork to reduce complications are the key to laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer.Combined with literature reports,the authors summarize experience in laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer,discuss the prevention and treatment of hemorrhagic complications during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.