目的 掌握广州市荔湾区手足口病疫情的流行病学及病原学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据.方法 收集2016-2020年荔湾区手足口病疫情以及病原学监测相关资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2016-2020年共报告15 303例手足口病,男女比为1.49 ∶ 1;年均发病率320.23/10万,以华林街发病率最高,2019年发病率最高,达461.96/10万,2020年发病率最低,为57.11/10万;每年5-10月份为发病高峰期;1～5岁人群占总发病人数的89.54％,以儿童散发多见,其次是托幼机构儿童;感染病毒类型以CoxA16为主.结论 广州市荔湾区手足口病发病率较高,相关部门需在发病高峰月份、重点场所、重点地区对1～5岁儿童有针对性开展疾病防控和健康宣教工作.

目的 了解广州市售食用淀粉真菌毒素与铅污染状况,分析食用淀粉安全风险.方法 2020年在广州市11个区的超市和肉菜市场采集不同包装形态的玉米淀粉和小麦淀粉样品66份,使用多功能净化柱净化-柱后衍生高效液相色谱法测定黄曲霉毒素B1残留量,高效液相色谱-质谱法测定脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和玉米赤霉烯酮残留量,使用ICP-MS法测定铅含量.结果 49份玉米淀粉样品中有8份样品检出黄曲霉毒素B1,检出率为16.33％,检出值范围为0.33～1.40 μg/kg,但在小麦淀粉样品中未检出.17份小麦淀粉样品中有1份检出脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇,检出率为5.88％,检出值为147 μg/kg,但在玉米淀粉样品中未检出.49份玉米淀粉样品中有12份玉米赤酶烯酮,检出率为24.49％,检出值范围为21～143 μg/kg;17份小麦淀粉样品中有1份样品检出玉米赤酶烯酮,检出率为5.88％,检出值为52 μg/kg.市售食用淀粉中铅检出值范围为0.002～0.077 mg/kg,平均值为0.013 6 mg/kg,中位数为0.009 0 mg/kg,检出率为89.39％(59/66),无样品铅超标.结论 广州市售玉米淀粉中玉米赤霉烯酮检出值较高,残留情况应引起关注.玉米淀粉和小麦淀粉中铅、黄曲霉毒素B1和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇检出值均较低.

目的 了解2006-2015年广州市市售食品副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio Parahaemolyficus,VP)污染水平及分布,为VP监测工作提供依据.方法 2006-2015年在全市12个区不同场所分季度采集2 317份市售水产品和熟肉制品开展VP检测.结果 VP总体检出率为15.71％(364/2317),10年间2008年和2013年VP检出率相对较低.不同种类、不同食用方式、不同季度和不同采样地点的VP检出率差异具有统计学意义.海水产品VP检出率高于淡水产品,熟肉制品未检出VP;生食水产品检出率低于非生食水产品;零售店和肉菜市场的检出率高于批发市场、超市、餐饮单位;第3季度VP检出率最高,其次为第1、2季度,最低的是第4季度.结论 广州市市售食品VP污染情况较重,主要是水产品.VP检出率有明显的样品种类、食用方式、采样地点和季度差异,应有针对性开展监测,加强监管.

目的 了解广州市市售普洱茶镉元素残留现状及其分布差异.方法 2013-2015年在广州市超市、批发市场、零售店、餐饮单位、茶博会、网购六类环节采集391份普洱茶样品,使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪,依据国家食品安全风险监测工作手册中《食品中铅、镉、砷、镍、铬、铜、汞测定的电感耦合等离子体质谱分析方法标准操作程序》进行检测.结果 391份普洱茶样品镉残留量范围为0.006～0.217 mg/kg,中位数为0.032 mg/kg,均值为(0.035 9±0.019 2)mg/kg,P90为0.054 9 mg/kg;其中检测结果≤0.05 mg/kg的占84.40％,0.05～0.10 mg/kg的占14.58％,＞0.10 mg/kg的占1.02％;普洱茶熟茶中镉残留量高于生茶,散茶镉残留量高于饼茶,砖茶镉残留量高于散茶、沱茶与饼茶,餐饮环节采集的普洱茶镉残留量高于超市、批发市场、零售店、茶博会环节,网购环节采集的普洱茶镉残留量高于零售店环节,价位低于50元kg的样品普洱茶镉残留量高于200～300元/kg和300元kg以上的样品;储存年限＞10a的普洱茶样品镉残留量高于储存年限＜1 a的样品.结论 普洱茶中镉残留量较低,检出值均低于NY 659-2003规定的镉限量值1 mg/kg,超过8成普洱茶样品镉残留量低于检出限;普洱茶中镉元素残留量在不同工艺、形态、场所及价位等方面存在差异.

Objective To analyze the drug residues in meat and organs of local livestock and poultry.Methods Basic data was obtained from the tests of diethylstilbestrol,clenbuterol,testosterone propionate and antibiotic residues from the 485 samples collected from local food markets,supper markets,whole sellers and retailers of grocery during 2006 to 2008.Results The over all qualified rate of the samples is 82.35% while the forbidden elements,such as diethylstilbestrol,clenbuterol and testosterone propionate residues were detected in some meat.In refer to the antibiotic residues,the qualified rate mainly Ox tetracycline and Tetracycline is 75.71% 。 Antibiotic problem of animal organs is most concerning.Antibiotic residues in these foods have exceeded limits of the national standards by ten to several dozen times.Conclusions The problem of hormones residues from veterinary drugs is not too minor to be ignored,and Ox tetracycline and Tetracycline residues in animal food have become common also.Therefore,management of livestock and poultry breeding industries from production to and detection for veterinary drugs should be enhanced.Moreover,standards and regulations of Green Meat Animal Breeding Industries and completion of Food Safety System should be improved to ensure animal food safety.

We study the model M consisting of “general games” with noncompact action space, together with an associated abstract rationality function. We prove that M is structurally stable and robust to ϵ-equilibria for “almost all” parameters. As applications, we investigate structural stability and robustness to bounded rationality for noncooperative games, multiobjective optimizations and fixed point problems satisfying existence and some continuity conditions. Specifically, we introduce concrete rationality functions for such three kinds of problems with both payoffs and strategy sets, objective functions and domain spaces, and correspondence and domain spaces as parameters, respectively, and show the generic structural stability and robustness to bounded rationality for the corresponding model M s.