目的 掌握广州市荔湾区手足口病疫情的流行病学及病原学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据.方法 收集2016-2020年荔湾区手足口病疫情以及病原学监测相关资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2016-2020年共报告15 303例手足口病,男女比为1.49 ∶ 1;年均发病率320.23/10万,以华林街发病率最高,2019年发病率最高,达461.96/10万,2020年发病率最低,为57.11/10万;每年5-10月份为发病高峰期;1～5岁人群占总发病人数的89.54％,以儿童散发多见,其次是托幼机构儿童;感染病毒类型以CoxA16为主.结论 广州市荔湾区手足口病发病率较高,相关部门需在发病高峰月份、重点场所、重点地区对1～5岁儿童有针对性开展疾病防控和健康宣教工作.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of school norovirus infection outbreaks by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of 12 norovirus infection outbreaks in schools at Liwan District, Guangzhou.Methods:Using descriptive analysis methods, the data on the outbreaks of norovirus infection at Liwan District from January 2004 to January 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 12 outbreaks of norovirus infection in schools were reported, with a total of 371 cases, including 366 students and 5 teachers. The total attack rate was 2.99% (371/12 426), and all of which were mild cases, with a male to female ratio of 1.26∶1. They were 2～44 years old. The 12 outbreaks all occurred in autumn, winter, or spring, from October to April. Most outbreaks occurred in January, accounting for 33.33% (4/12). Seven outbreaks occurred in the urban primary schools (58.33%). And the overall attack rate of the urban primary schools was the highest, and was statistically different from those in the other places ( χ2=261.77, P＜0.01). A total of 10 outbreaks of human-to-human transmission (contact or aerosol) accounted for 83.33%, and 2 outbreaks of food-borne transmission accounted for 16.67%. Among them, 7 outbreaks occurred because the vomit in the first case was not cleaned up in time or was not disinfected properly, and 2 food-borne transmission outbreaks were caused by kitchen workers' asymptomatic infections. The main clinical symptoms were vomiting; the proportion of vomiting cases was the highest, and the median of the 12 epidemics was 91.83%. The cases under 13 years old mainly had vomiting, and the ones over 13 years old diarrhea. There were 11 outbreaks of pathogen GⅡ genotype (91.67%), and 1 outbreak of GI type (8.33%). Conclusions:Since 2020, the number of school norovirus outbreaks at Liwan District has increased significantly. School norovirus outbreaks at Liwan District have occurred in autumn, winter, or spring. GⅡ is the main genotype. Urban primary schools are the main sites. Some epidemic reports are not timely. It is recommended to strengthen the health monitoring of teachers, students, and kitchen workers, to implement early detection, isolation, report, and dealing with the outbreak, to improve the ability and efficiency of identifying risk factors for the epidemic, to take rapid and accurate prevention and control measures for the prevention and control of school norovirus outbreaks.

目的 了解2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热流行病学特征,为制定控制措施提供依据.方法 从"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"收集2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热发病资料,采用描述流行病学方法对登革热的流行病学特征进行分析.结果 2011-2020年广州市荔湾区共报告登革热病例6063例,其中本地病例6021例、输入病例42例,年平均发病率为46.62/10万.最早报告的登革热病例均为输入病例,报告高峰为6-8月,占40.48％(17/42);本地病例报告高峰为9-10月,占85.20％(5130/6021).男女病例比为1∶1.07;年龄分布以20～岁组为主,共4213例,占69.49％;职业分布为家务及待业1275例(占21.03％)、商业服务1189例(占19.61％)、离退人员891例(占14.70％)、其他2708例(占44.66％).42例输入病例中来源于东南亚国家34例,其他地区国家8例.输入病例中均检出4个型别的登革病毒,本地病例中检出3个型别的登革病毒,未检出Ⅳ型.结论 2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热仍属于输入疫情引发本地传播的流行模式.输入病例早期及时发现、核酸排查、隔离治疗,为减少登革热本地病例发生的主要措施.

目的 分析总结广州市荔湾区2015-2020年流行性感冒(流感)流行特征,为全区流感防控提供科学依据.方法 使用中国疾病预防控制信息系统导出广州市荔湾区流感监测相关数据,使用描述性流行病学方法分析荔湾区流感流行特征.结果 广州市荔湾区2015-2020年累计报告流感样病例15 090例,其中男性8 062例、女性7 028例,男女性别比例为1.15∶1;2019年报告病例数为历年最多(7 562例),占2015-2020年报告病例总数的50.11％;2019年12月报告发病率为近5年最高(218.144 3/10万);各年龄中0～4岁组报告流感样病例数各年均为最高,其次为5～9岁组;各年龄组中男性病例数均多于女性,20～29岁组、30～39岁组、40～49岁组、50～59岁组则为女性病例多于男性;各年报告病例数均为男性多于女性;2015-2020年流感病疾病构成比例分别为8.80％、12.84％、13.28％、22.55％,46.40％、30.07％;2015-2020年累计报告流感样病例暴发疫情20起;病原学监测显示,总体阳性率为8.85％(554/6 258),阳性毒株主要为A(H1N1)型208份、A(H3N2)型169份、B(Victoria)型90份、B(Yamagata)型87份.结论 广州市荔湾区流感感染主要人群为0～9岁婴幼儿和儿童,呈季节性流行,主要为春季和冬季,不同病毒亚型交替流行.

目的 分析广州市白云区石门街2008-2017年流行性感冒(流感)的流行特征,为制定防控策略提供参考依据.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2008-2017年白云区石门街的流感病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法对流感疫情进行流行特征分析.结果 2008-2017年白云区石门街共报告流感病例750例,年均发病率为146.33/10万.发病主要集中在2-3月,共报告603例,占病例总数的80.40％.报告流感病例数最多的地区为大朗社区(593例,占79.07％),最少为唐阁社区(8例,占1.07％).男性464例,女性286例,男女性别比为1.62∶1;病例年龄主要集中在11～15岁(317例,占42.27％)和6～10岁(194例,占25.87％);病例职业分布主要集中在学生(600例,占80.00％)和散居儿童(115例,占15.33％).结论 中小学生和散居儿童是广州市白云区石门街流感防控的重点人群,防控重点季节为冬春季.流感流行高峰前接种流感疫苗、落实学校晨检制度等是防控流感的关键措施.

目的 掌握广州市荔湾区2013—2018年流行性感冒(influenza,简称流感)病例及病原学的流行特征,为制定流感防控策略提供科学依据.方法 运用描述性流行病学方法对荔湾区2013—2018年流感数据进行分析.结果 2013—2018年广州市荔湾区共报告流感7585例,其中2018年最高为2691例,发病率283.26/10万;2013年最低,仅有528例,发病率57.78/10万.流感流行趋势每年出现1～2次流行高峰,高峰季节为春季和冬季;男女性别比1.23:1,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).年龄以0～<5岁和5～<15岁组为主;职业以散居儿童、学生和幼托儿童为主,年龄和职业差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).共检测流感样病例(influenza-like cases,ILI)咽拭子标本总数6110份,其中,流感病毒阳性标本总数564份,阳性率9.23％;每年可有1～2次检出高峰,高峰季节为春季和冬季.流感病毒型别呈现新甲H1型、季H3型和B型交替流行趋势.结论 广州市荔湾区流感防控重点人群是15岁以下的散居、托幼儿童和中小学生,防控重点季节为春季和冬季.据此预测,2019年则需重点防控新甲H1型(A型)流感病毒.

目的 :了解广州市荔湾区2005-2017年轮状病毒(HRV)腹泻病流行特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据.方法 :运用描述性流行病学研究方法对荔湾区2005-2017年HRV腹泻病资料进行分析.结果 :荔湾区2005-2017年报告HRV腹泻病3068例,占其他感染性腹泻的36.58％;HRV腹泻病与其他感染性腹泻年发病变化趋势呈基本一致态势;HRV腹泻病发病有明显的季节性,主要集中在10月至次年1月;每年HRV腹泻病发病率均排前列的是东漖街、海龙街和桥中街;HRV腹泻病发病最高为散居儿童,其次是幼托儿童;发病年龄段主要分布在5岁以下.结论 :HRV腹泻防控工作应在加强HRV监测与预防接种的基础上,于秋冬季提高对城乡结合地区的5岁以下散居儿童防控力度.

Objective To evaluate the Liwan District of Guangzhou through the “mother class” vaccination knowledge,attitude and behavior of parents of school-age children (Knowledge,Attitude and Practice,KAP) the effect of the intervention,explore the mode of health education for new vaccination.Methods Through the combination of “mother classroom” teaching field and interaction phase way vaccination of KAP intervention,intervention of parents of school-age children,parents of school age children to carry out a survey about the vaccination of KAP,the results of the analysis and influence factors of KAP vaccination before and after the intervention.Results Through the intervention,parents of school-age children to the vaccination rate of cognition rising rate of 57.01％ ～ 140.46％;correct attitude rate rise rate of 27.78％ to 78.00％;the correct behavior rate rising rate of 19.72％ ～ 141.13％;before and after the intervention of parents of school-age children vaccination rate and correct rate of attitude,cognitive behavior correct rate differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01);before and after the intervention of parents of children with different household registration vaccination rate,different cognitive Hukou parents vaccination behavior,the correct rate of different cultural levels of vaccination behavior rate differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05),before and after the intervention of different cultural levels of vaccination rate,different cognitive Hukou parents vaccination rate,correct attitude the different cultural degree of vaccination attitude correct rate differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Through the “mother class” for school-age children's parents to vaccinate KAP intervention effect is significant,it is worth promoting.

目的 分析广州市荔湾区2015年水痘突破病例的流行病学特征,为探讨水痘疫苗的免疫策略提供依据.方法 收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统中广州市荔湾区2015年1～15岁儿童水痘突破病例的疫情数据及广州市免疫规划信息管理系统中接种1剂次水痘疫苗的数据,并对其进行流行病学分析.结果 广州市荔湾区2015年共报告水痘突破病例176例,发生率1.20％,全年12个月均有报告病例,冬季高发,全区均有报告,以南源街道位居首位(14.20％),男女比例为1.63∶1,主要集中在5～＜10岁儿童,以小学生为主(64.20％).突破病例发病与接种疫苗最短间隔64 d,最长11年,平均发病间隔为(4.57±3.49)年,发病间隔分布呈正态分布(P=0.200,偏度=0.203,峰度=-1.576),发病高峰为接种疫苗后2～7年间.结论 广州市荔湾区2015年水痘突破病例发生率较高,5 ～＜10岁儿童为高发人群;为形成有效的免疫屏障,有效控制水痘突破性病例,建议4岁儿童接种第2剂次水痘疫苗.