目的 掌握广州市荔湾区手足口病疫情的流行病学及病原学特征,为制定防控措施提供依据.方法 收集2016-2020年荔湾区手足口病疫情以及病原学监测相关资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2016-2020年共报告15 303例手足口病,男女比为1.49 ∶ 1;年均发病率320.23/10万,以华林街发病率最高,2019年发病率最高,达461.96/10万,2020年发病率最低,为57.11/10万;每年5-10月份为发病高峰期;1～5岁人群占总发病人数的89.54％,以儿童散发多见,其次是托幼机构儿童;感染病毒类型以CoxA16为主.结论 广州市荔湾区手足口病发病率较高,相关部门需在发病高峰月份、重点场所、重点地区对1～5岁儿童有针对性开展疾病防控和健康宣教工作.

Objective:To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of school norovirus infection outbreaks by analyzing the epidemiological characteristics of 12 norovirus infection outbreaks in schools at Liwan District, Guangzhou.Methods:Using descriptive analysis methods, the data on the outbreaks of norovirus infection at Liwan District from January 2004 to January 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 12 outbreaks of norovirus infection in schools were reported, with a total of 371 cases, including 366 students and 5 teachers. The total attack rate was 2.99% (371/12 426), and all of which were mild cases, with a male to female ratio of 1.26∶1. They were 2～44 years old. The 12 outbreaks all occurred in autumn, winter, or spring, from October to April. Most outbreaks occurred in January, accounting for 33.33% (4/12). Seven outbreaks occurred in the urban primary schools (58.33%). And the overall attack rate of the urban primary schools was the highest, and was statistically different from those in the other places ( χ2=261.77, P＜0.01). A total of 10 outbreaks of human-to-human transmission (contact or aerosol) accounted for 83.33%, and 2 outbreaks of food-borne transmission accounted for 16.67%. Among them, 7 outbreaks occurred because the vomit in the first case was not cleaned up in time or was not disinfected properly, and 2 food-borne transmission outbreaks were caused by kitchen workers' asymptomatic infections. The main clinical symptoms were vomiting; the proportion of vomiting cases was the highest, and the median of the 12 epidemics was 91.83%. The cases under 13 years old mainly had vomiting, and the ones over 13 years old diarrhea. There were 11 outbreaks of pathogen GⅡ genotype (91.67%), and 1 outbreak of GI type (8.33%). Conclusions:Since 2020, the number of school norovirus outbreaks at Liwan District has increased significantly. School norovirus outbreaks at Liwan District have occurred in autumn, winter, or spring. GⅡ is the main genotype. Urban primary schools are the main sites. Some epidemic reports are not timely. It is recommended to strengthen the health monitoring of teachers, students, and kitchen workers, to implement early detection, isolation, report, and dealing with the outbreak, to improve the ability and efficiency of identifying risk factors for the epidemic, to take rapid and accurate prevention and control measures for the prevention and control of school norovirus outbreaks.

目的 了解2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热流行病学特征,为制定控制措施提供依据.方法 从"中国疾病预防控制信息系统"收集2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热发病资料,采用描述流行病学方法对登革热的流行病学特征进行分析.结果 2011-2020年广州市荔湾区共报告登革热病例6063例,其中本地病例6021例、输入病例42例,年平均发病率为46.62/10万.最早报告的登革热病例均为输入病例,报告高峰为6-8月,占40.48％(17/42);本地病例报告高峰为9-10月,占85.20％(5130/6021).男女病例比为1∶1.07;年龄分布以20～岁组为主,共4213例,占69.49％;职业分布为家务及待业1275例(占21.03％)、商业服务1189例(占19.61％)、离退人员891例(占14.70％)、其他2708例(占44.66％).42例输入病例中来源于东南亚国家34例,其他地区国家8例.输入病例中均检出4个型别的登革病毒,本地病例中检出3个型别的登革病毒,未检出Ⅳ型.结论 2011-2020年广州市荔湾区登革热仍属于输入疫情引发本地传播的流行模式.输入病例早期及时发现、核酸排查、隔离治疗,为减少登革热本地病例发生的主要措施.

目的 分析总结广州市荔湾区2015-2020年流行性感冒(流感)流行特征,为全区流感防控提供科学依据.方法 使用中国疾病预防控制信息系统导出广州市荔湾区流感监测相关数据,使用描述性流行病学方法分析荔湾区流感流行特征.结果 广州市荔湾区2015-2020年累计报告流感样病例15 090例,其中男性8 062例、女性7 028例,男女性别比例为1.15∶1;2019年报告病例数为历年最多(7 562例),占2015-2020年报告病例总数的50.11％;2019年12月报告发病率为近5年最高(218.144 3/10万);各年龄中0～4岁组报告流感样病例数各年均为最高,其次为5～9岁组;各年龄组中男性病例数均多于女性,20～29岁组、30～39岁组、40～49岁组、50～59岁组则为女性病例多于男性;各年报告病例数均为男性多于女性;2015-2020年流感病疾病构成比例分别为8.80％、12.84％、13.28％、22.55％,46.40％、30.07％;2015-2020年累计报告流感样病例暴发疫情20起;病原学监测显示,总体阳性率为8.85％(554/6 258),阳性毒株主要为A(H1N1)型208份、A(H3N2)型169份、B(Victoria)型90份、B(Yamagata)型87份.结论 广州市荔湾区流感感染主要人群为0～9岁婴幼儿和儿童,呈季节性流行,主要为春季和冬季,不同病毒亚型交替流行.

一场突如其来的疫情,打破了中国一年一度的喜庆祥和,让全民放弃了中国人心中最具亲情的春节欢闹,和走亲访友的温馨与亲情团聚.全民迅速转入了抗击疫情的战斗.尽管造成疫情爆发的罪魁祸首是新冠病毒,但比新冠病毒更可怕的是官僚主义和不作为等腐败行为.这次武汉疫情就像一面镜子,照出了许多白衣战士无私奉献和无数催泪怜涕的英勇壮举,照出了各行各业无私奉献的大爱精神,也照出了不作为和怕担责的官僚主义.