课程组是高校基层教学组织的主要形式之一,近年来课程组在高校的功效发挥和建设发展并不理想.文章提出课程组建设主要分为制度建设和教师发展两方面的思考与探讨.从课程质量标准、教学计划、教改项目、课程建设、教材建设、教研活动制度化、指导学生7 个方面论述课程组相关的制度建设;从团队建设、新进教师准入、青年教师培养、激励与考核4个方面论述如何进行课程组教师培养与发展.

文章提出以一流课程建设为基础,以课程思政和学生社团为价值引领,以产学合作协同育人、大学生创新创业、教师科研及生产等项目为支撑,以图学类、建筑信息模型类(BIM类)、力学类、结构设计类等学科竞赛为促进的"一流课程、两个引领、三大项目、四类竞赛"土建类专业创新人才培养体系.该培养体系可解决课程群知识体系的组织架构协调,课程、实践、竞赛、项目间有效融合,学生创新创业能力落地实践等问题,进而提升土建类专业人才培养质量,增强其就业核心竞争力.

土壤钠质化是我国面临的土壤问题之一.为探究钠质化对黄土基本性质的影响,以杨陵黄土为研究对象,人工配制钠盐含量分别为1、3、5、10和20 g/kg的土样,压制成不同干密度和含水率的土样,通过基本土工试验和土壤电导率测试、交换性钠离子百分比试验以及斥水性试验,分别测试钠盐含量变化对黄土基本性质的影响.结果 表明:随着钠盐含量的增加,土样电导率增大,交换性钠离子百分比增大,土样钠质化程度加剧;塑限在20％左右波动,液限呈现先增加后降低的趋势;土壤斥水性随含盐量增大逐渐减弱,水分入渗变得容易,但是同时土体渗透系数降低,水体在土中渗流变得困难;同时土样的压缩系数逐渐增大,压缩变形变得容易.

为了培养学生的美学素养,文章从工程图中的美学出发,提出了在工程制图课程教学中渗透美学教育的策略,包括从"绪论"入手,激发学生兴趣;以"标准"为本,贯彻国家要求;以"图纸"为基,强化学生技能.

随着图学类课程教学课时的不断压缩,学生学习现状不尽人意,更谈不上创新能力的培养.从图学类课程特点出发,鉴于现有问题提出适用于图学类课程的多元化教学模式,以丰富和改进传统教学手段、评价体系,打破过去教师主动、学生被动的课堂教学模式,建立以知识驱动、学生主动、师生互动、在线学习、课堂讨论、课内外联动为特点的复合多元新模式,将学习主动权交还学生,以促进学生自主学习、多元化学习方式的形成,更好地适应学生个体差异,进而达到提高学生综合能力与创新能力的目的.

The new method of soft foundation treatment in continuous exploration, the introduction of lightweight materials to overcome the low bearing capacity of soft soil foundation is considered to have a good prospect. In this article, it is assumed that the lightweight material can be used as the vertical reinforcement in the form of short pile to form the composite foundation with the soft soil, and to bear the overlying load. Firstly, the material parameters of the lightweight pile under the working conditions were calculated by numerical analysis. According to the calculated parameters of the pile body, the feasible materials were selected, EPS (expanded polystyrene) was preferred for further study in materials that meet the parameters. Through centrifugal model test, settlement and stress state of lightweight material pile composite foundation were analyzed, its smooth settlement and ideal working condition shows a good treatment effect. The results of numerical analysis and centrifuge model test show that it is theoretically feasible to treat soft foundation with lightweight pile composite foundation.

为了从频域角度分析地震荷载作用下土的阻尼比,将随机过程理论引入土阻尼比分析中,并提出了一种基于傅里叶变换的频域分析法,最后通过试验及数值分析手段验证了利用该方法确定土的阻尼比的可行性.结果表明:通过傅里叶变换的频域分析方法得到的地震荷载下土的阻尼比是一个与频率相关的函数;任意一种土及地震波都可得到一条“阻尼比-频率谱”.实际工程应用时,建议将土阻尼比看作随地震波输入过程而动态变化的参数.通过此频域分析法可找到每类土、每种地震波作用下的“阻尼比-频率谱”,即可得到土的动态阻尼比参数.以期为随机荷载作用下土阻尼比的确定提供参考.

文章从学校、教师、学生三方面出发,阐述了我国高校大学生创新创业活动的现状,探讨了高校大学生科技创新活动中存在的问题,分析了影响大学生科技创新能力的主要因素,然后从不同角度有针对性地就改善大学生创新能力培养提出了建议.

为了有效地将先进理念及科技成果应用于课程教学,不断深化教学改革,提高教学质量.文章以"交通需求管理"为例,探讨基于BOPPPS模型的"交通工程"课程教学设计理念;注重知识的认知过程,强调从已知到未知、从低落到亢奋的自然过渡的师生互动式教学,同时还针对部分课堂教学章节及实践环节内容和设计方法进行了论述.

绘制工程图是工科学生的必备专业基础,AutoCAD软件是如今土建行业绘制工程图样使用率最高的一款计算机绘图软件之一,学好这一绘图软件对于土建类的学生非常重要.文章对182名土建类专业的学生进行了问卷调查,了解到学生对于该门课程的重视程度和投入时间,以及他们对学好该门课程的教学方式的改进建议.建议计算机绘图课程开设在大学二年级阶段、学生自装的软件与上课所用软件的版本一致.土建类专业的计算机绘图学习是以操作实践为主,适合使用微课教学视频,学生课下在视频中观看并模仿操作,教师课上指导学生上机操作和答疑.

"翻转课堂"的出现导致了一场传统教学模式的变革.文章从工程制图课程的特点出发,分析了目前"翻转课堂"的发展趋势以及在工程制图课程中的应用现状.通过分析认为"翻转课堂"这种新的教学方式在"工程制图"课程中刚刚兴起,其以"微视频"为基础,以互联网为载体,突出了学生的主动性,对传统课堂教学起到了有效的补充作用.

时代发展对《工程制图》这门课程的教学也有了不同的要求。本文从传统的《工程制图》课程存在的问题着手，基于创新设计的要求，从教学内容、教学手段和实践路径等方面初步探讨了本课程教学所应进行的改革，以取得更好的教学效果。

Because of deficiencies of common methods to deal with the extreme soft ground,the paper put forward to use of super light material pile composite foundation dealing with the soft ground.By numerical analysis,it is found that the materials of super light material pile composite foundation is feasible(EPS that is the preferred materials),it also has obvious advantages in the treatment effect.This paper further studied the failure mechanism of EPS pile composite foundation by means of numerical analysis.

By using finite element software,the article comparatively analyzed the effect of super light material composite foundation with common material pile composite foundation.It found that super light material pile with the thick and short pile has obvious advantages,it is able to overcome the deficiency that pile and soil can't coordinate deformation of rigid material pile with high modulus,and also be able to overcome the deficiency that pile instability of flexible material pile with the long piles.This paper provides the evidence of treating soft soil foundation with the super light material pile composite foundation on the feasible of effectiveness and economic value.

With a summary on the mechanical characteristics of bridge deep-water technology,focusing on deep-water foundation construction of the main bridge around Qinling mountain region,it points out that the bridge construction adopts reasonable construction program according to hydrogeology condition of the bridge location and the characteristics of deep-water foundation,overcomes some problems,such as the large drop of water levels in reservoirs,small construction site,and large-scale equipment transportation etc..Thus,it has accumulated experience for deep-water foundation construction around mountain region.

It sums up the disease mechanism of the water gushing in tunnel,lists systematically the usual methods and calculating formulas of predicting the gushing water quantities in tunnel,sums up the treatment measures of water gushing in tunnel,and points out through a construction example and the analysis of the causation of water gushing that only by reasonable and effective control measures can the construction succeeds smoothly.

The creep models we often used in rock mechanics contained viscoelastic model,viscoplastic model and so on.Moreover,the visco-elastoplastic model is more popular and perfect than other models today,it could describe decayed creep model,stabilization creep model and some precarious creep models perfectly.Therefore in this paper,the theology of rock around tunnels is studied with the visco-elastoplastic model,and on the basis of the mechanics analysis,some regularity of deformation of surrounding rock is obtained,for example,considering the creep of the surrounding rock,its displacement increases with the time passing,while its rate of displacement gets to the top,then appears a monotone decrease with time and reaches a constant finally.