Zeolites were synthesized by NaOH fusion-hydrothermal synthesis under different conditions with oil shale ash as raw material.The morphology,surface structure and average pore size of product were characterized by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and surface area analyzer.Its adsorption ability to Cr(Ⅵ)was also studied.The experimental results showed that the best adsorption effect of Cr(Ⅵ) can be obtained when the mass fraction of sodium hydroxide to shale ash was 2∶1,n (H2O) ∶n (Na2O) =40 and crystallization of zeolite after aging 6 h at room temperature.The results of SEM and BET indicated that under those conditions,the surface of the zeolite was looser and there were more channels.Therefore,it made its adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) easier.This adsorption process was in conformity with the isothermal adsorption equation of Freundlich.

本文在慕课平台上将以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)融入到有机化学的教学当中.对慕课资源的选择、课堂问题设计、教学实施、教学效果和存在的问题与启示等方面进行了探讨.实践证明,慕课平台上PBL教学效果明显,提高了学生探究问题、解决问题的能力,有利于应用型人才的培养.

利用聚二烯二甲基丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)对油页岩灰渣进行了改性,并将其用于模拟含Cr(Ⅵ)废水的吸附.对改性前后的油页岩灰渣进行了表征.结果表明,改性后油页岩灰渣的BET比表面积增大(为50.75 m2/g),可为Cr(Ⅵ)提供大量的吸附位点.当Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度为20 mg/L时,改性油页岩灰渣在常温和振摇转速180 r/min条件下,综合优化吸附条件为:吸附时间30 min,体系pH为5.0,吸附剂投加量20 g/L,在此条件下Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达到95.77％.改性油页岩灰渣对水中Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附作用符合准2级动力学模型;相比于Langmuir方程,其吸附等温模型更符合Freundlich吸附模型,且吸附过程可能受2个或多个速控步骤控制.

翻转课堂利用现代网络信息平台,重构物理化学教学模式.成功的翻转课堂有利于培养学生的创新能力,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高学生分析问题和解决问题的能力.在实施翻转课堂教学过程中需要从学生、教师、信息网络平台和评价等方面注意一些问题.

Using the oil shale ash as the raw material,poly aluminium chloride (PAC) is prepared.The waste-water containing chromium is treated by the self-made PAC.The influence of polymerization temperature,the aging time and pH in the removal rate of Cr6+ was investigated.The result showed that the optimal reaction conditions are obtained as follows:when the cross-linking temperature of the PAC is 50 ℃,the aging time of the PAC is 4.0 h and pH value is 3.0,the purification rate of Cr(Ⅵ) reaches 98.86％.

以油页岩灰渣为原料,采用酸法制备聚合氯化铝,考察了酸溶条件对产品的铝浸出率与盐基度的影响.制备聚合氯化铝的最佳酸溶条件为:酸的质量分数22％,酸量比n(Al2O3)/n(HCl)为1∶13,酸溶温度125℃,酸溶时间3h.此条件下,铝浸出率为73.65％,制备的液体聚合氯化铝的盐基度为77.51％.所制聚合氯化铝符合国家标准(GB 15892-2003)中Ⅰ类液体一等品标准.

以广东省茂名市油页岩灰渣为原料,采用碱溶法制备白炭黑,考察了碱溶条件对白炭黑产率的影响.结果表明,碱溶法制取白炭黑的碱溶最佳工艺为:c(氢氧化钠)=4 mol/L,n(氢氧化钠)/n(二氧化硅)=5∶1,碱溶温度为110℃,碱溶时间为4h,焙烧温度为750℃,焙烧时间为2.5 h.在最佳条件下制备的产品,白炭黑的产率为81.49％、白度为98.1％.对白炭黑进行了FT-IR表征及性能测试,所制白炭黑符合化工行业标准(HG/T 3061-2009)的要求.

以广东省茂名市油页岩灰渣为原料,用碱法制备聚氯化铝（PAC）,考察了酸溶条件对产品的铝浸出率与盐基度的影响。结果表明,以油页岩灰渣制备聚氯化铝的最佳酸溶条件为:酸的质量分数为12%,酸量比n（HCl）∶n（Al2O3）=10,酸溶温度为110℃,酸溶时间为3 h。此条件下,铝浸出率为62.92%,聚合氯化铝的盐基度为82.25%。

本文介绍了油页岩及其灰渣的成分,重点对油页岩灰渣的综合利用进行了综述,包括油页岩渣在制备建筑材料、精细化工产品、农业肥料和废气和废水处理等领域的研究现状和前景.

油页岩灰渣主要通过离子交换和表面吸附作用对金属离子有较好的吸附功能.实验采用PDMDAAC(聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)对油页岩灰渣进行改性,通过对水中的铬离子的吸附效果来确定最佳改性条件.结果表明,在改性剂PDMDAAC浓度为5g·L-1,50℃下改性40min的油页岩灰渣对铬离子的吸附效果最好.

Crude oil was chose as response substance in order to study the factors influence oil degradation rate by white-rot fungit.The factors including the moisturecontentof soil,the oil content of soil,the rotation speed,the concentration of Tween80 and the concentration of veratryl alcohol.The moisture content,oil content,Tween80 in response to the test were filtered out as the factors by response surface method.The experiment used Design Ex-pert to do the response surface optimization experiment.The results showed that within the scope of the levels of three factors,the impact on the oil degradation rate as follows: oil content moisture content Tween80,moisture content and oil content of interaction has obvious impact on oil degradation rate in the soil.Then through the re-sponse surface method,the optimized conditions obtained were : moisture content 57 %,oil content 8.42 % and Tween80 3.86 CMC,the degradation rate of petroleum can reach to 60.93 %.The confirmatory experiment has found out that the actual degradation rate of petroleum is 58.68 %,which has reached 97.73 % of the predicted value.

有机化学是工科院校非常重要的一门公共基础课，教师应从教学方式、手段、考核方法几方面进行改革，结合专业特点，引入与专业结合的案例教学，使枯燥乏味的有机化学反应和机理教学内容变得生动形象，引人入胜，从而提高有机化学教学质量。

Ethyl laurate was synthesized by using lauric acid and anhydrous ethanol as the raw material, ionic liquid[hnmp]HSO4 as the catalyst and 4A molecular sieve as the dehydrating agent. The structure of product was analyzed by means of FT-IR and GC-MS. On the basis of single-factor experiments,the orthogonal experiments was carried out to obtain the optimized reaction condition. The results showed that the yield of ethyl laurate could reach up to 92 . 38% under the optimal condition as follows:ionic liquid amount 1. 50 g,lauric acid/anhydrous ethanol molar ratio 0. 04:0. 60,reaction temperature 85 ℃ and reaction time 10 h.[ hnmp]HSO4 ionic liquid for synthesis of ethyl laurate had good catalytic activity even after being reused for 4 times.

化学选择性是本科有机化学教学的重要内容.我们将1-苯基丁-3-烯-1-醇选择性氧化羟基制备1-苯基丁-3-烯-1-酮的实验设计为大学化学研究性实验,通过引导学生查阅文献资料,设计并考察了氧化剂种类、反应温度、溶剂种类等因素对氧化反应的化学选择性的影响,研究了产物的提纯方法.学生在实验中培养了环保意识和创新精神,并获得了有意义的结果.

Nano-silica was prepared by acid-alkaline two steps using the oil shale ash as the raw material. The effect of parameters on the size of nano-silica were discussed including acetic ether quantity, species and dosage of dispersant agent, reaction temperature. And the results showed that when 3mL·g-1 acetic ether, 3.5%(W/W)PEG-6000 were added to silica liquid at 40℃, the particle size of silica was smallest and the size was 54nm.

Using oil shale ash as the raw material, polyaluminium chloride (PAC) was prepared by acid leaching process. As the calcination process undermined the crystal structure of the ash, which transformed low-activity crystal Al2O3 into high-activity γ-Al2O3, the aluminum leaching rate and alkalinity degree were influ-enced. The polymerization temperature affected the polymerization degree of OH- and Al2O3, and then, affected the alkalinity degree also. The influence of calcination and polymerization condition on aluminum leaching rate and alkalinity degree was investigated, and the optimal condition was as follows: the calcination temperature and time were 750℃and 2 h respectively, the polymerization temperature was 90℃. Under the above condition, the aluminum leaching rate and alkalinity degree were 73.65%and 68.73%respectively.

对石油化工院校的有机化学综合设计实验教学进行探索.实验内容选择有代表性的有机化学反应类型及实验装置,大部分实验都将合成、分离、提纯、物性的测定和波谱鉴定等环节串联成一体.从注重研究方法,重视实验预习指导,提高学生实验技能几个方面改进合成实验教学,取得了良好的教学效果,有效地培养和提高了学生独立分析问题和解决问题的能力,锻炼了动手能力,训练了思维能力.

Multimedia technology-aided teaching as a new teaching model and means were gradually applied to the field of teaching.Multimedia technology had obvious advantages in Organic Chemistry teaching such as improving students 'study interests and increasing information.But when applying new technology pursued unilaterally , it may lead to over-reliance on technology.These problems were analyzed and corresponding strategies were put forward like improving the quality of teachers , enhancing interaction between teachers and students , combining the traditional skills and multimedia technology , in order to achieve the prospective goal in multimedia teaching.

Taking enzyme activity of manganese-dependent peroxidase as the assessment index,the effects of several factors on the characterizations of growth and production of manganese-dependent peroxidase(MnP)by white rot fungi(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)were studied.Results indicated that,veratryl alcohol(150 mg· L-1 ),benzyl alcohol(150 mg·L-1 )and Tween 80(14 mg·L-1 )could stimulate the growth of white rot fungi and activity of MnP.Effects on the growth of white rot fungi and activity of MnP were the same with addition of Ca2+ and Fe2+ ,which was promoted at beginning and inhibited later.When Cu2+ concentration was lower than 0.4 mg·L-1 ,Cu2+ cound promote the growth of white rot fungi and activity of MnP,while it could inhibit the growth of white rot fungi and activity of MnP when the concentration was mare than 0.4 mg·L-1 .

“卓越工程师培养计划”是我国高等教育领域的一项重大改革.文章从优化理论课内容、加强实验教学环节、增加人文教育内容、采用“三个结合”的教学方法、合理利用教学资源、加强综合素质的考核等六个方面对化学工程与工艺专业卓越班的物理化学课进行了教学改革.