This study fabricated historical brick column specimens with mortar joint spalling. Modified composite sticky rice-lime mortar and natural hemp fiber rope were adopted and horizontal mortar joint grouting and fiber rope reinforcement were implemented to prepare performance-enhanced historical brick column specimens. The compression failure morphology and mechanical properties of the specimens with different strengthening conditions were studied, and the variation patterns of mechanical performance indicators with the strengthening conditions were analyzed. The calculation formula for the compressive strength was proposed, and the full stress-strain relationship model under compression and the crack length development model were established. The results show that the non-strengthened brick columns exhibit brittle failure morphology under compression, and the compressive strength and deformation modulus decrease with the increasing mortar joint spalling depth. The crack development process of reinforced brick columns under compression presents ductile characteristics. The compressive strength and crack density increase obviously and mortar joint grouting-fiber rope reinforcement significantly enhances the elastoplastic deformation capacity. The compressive strength, crack density, and elastic modulus of brick columns with the 12.5% grouting depth ratio and 0.125% reinforcement ratio increase by 57.4%, 7.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. The proposed strengthening method provides good engineering applicability.

Using cellulose fiber and fly ash as modifiers of traditional sticky rice lime paste, this study prepared six groups of modified sticky rice lime composites with different modifier proportions. Consistency measurements, mechanical tests, freeze-thaw (F/T) cycle tests, and F/T-chloride erosion coupling cycle tests were conducted on the composites. XRD, SEM/EDS, and NMR were performed before and after F/T-chloride erosion for further analyses. The performance enhancement mechanisms of the composites and their deterioration under the coupled effects of F/T and chloride erosion cycles were systematically investigated. The results indicated accelerated hardening, improved mechanical strength, and effectively inhibited microcrack propagation during F/T cycles by cellulose fiber. However, excessive cellulose fiber compromised the F/T resistance of the composite. The cellulose fiber-fly ash combination produced a dense microstructure by significantly refining the pore of the composite and reducing its porosity. Meanwhile, the pozzolanic reaction products adsorbed and immobilized chloride ions while simultaneously improving fiber-matrix interfacial adhesion and interfacial transition zone compactness, thereby substantially enhancing the durability of the composite under the coupled effects of F/T cycles and chloride erosion. The composite paste with 1% cellulose fiber addition and a 25% fly ash substitution ratio exhibited favorable mechanical strength and excellent resistance to the coupling F/T and chloride erosion cycles, while also achieving substantially reduced CO2 emissions during production. The findings could provide theoretical insights and practical references for developing repair binders for historical masonry restoration.

This study fabricated ancient brick column specimens with two different mortar joint spalling depths based on the common material deterioration mode of ancient masonry. Specifically, modified composite sticky rice-lime mortar and natural hemp fiber rope were used as the raw materials, and horizontal mortar joint grouting and fiber rope reinforcement methods were adopted to prepare performance-enhanced ancient brick column specimens with six different strengthening conditions. Through uniaxial compression tests, the compression failure morphology and mechanical properties of the specimens under different strengthening conditions were studied, and the variation patterns of mechanical performance indicators with the strengthening conditions were analyzed. The calculation formula for the compressive strength of performance-enhanced ancient masonry was proposed, and the full stress-strain relationship model under compression and the crack length development model were established. The results show that the non-strengthened brick columns exhibit brittle failure morphology under compression, and the compressive strength and deformation modulus decrease with the increasing mortar joint spalling depth. The crack development process of reinforced brick columns under compression presents ductile characteristics. The compressive strength and crack density increase with an increasing grouting depth and mortar joint grouting-fiber rope reinforcement significantly enhances the elastoplastic deformation capacity of brick columns under compression. Under the 25% grouting depth ratio, the characteristic stress and corresponding deformation modulus of the stress-strain curve increase first and then decrease with the increasing fiber rope reinforcement ratio. The compressive strength and crack density of ancient brick column with the 12.5% grouting depth ratio and 0.25% reinforcement ratio increase by 57.1%, 24.7%, respectively. The established formula and models can clearly describe the evolution of mechanical properties of ancient masonry, offering good engineering applicability.

This study explored the characteristics and freeze-thaw resistance of traditional sticky rice-lime paste modified with metakaolin and hemp fibers. Eight types of sticky rice-lime composites were fabricated. Their physico-mechanical properties, freeze-thaw cycling resistance, and resistance against the coupling effect of freeze-thaw and chlorine salt erosion were fully evaluated. The mineralogical, infrared spectral, morphology, and pore distribution characteristics of composites were investigated through XRD, FTIR, SEM, and NMR analyses. Moreover, the mechanisms of performance enhancement and durability failure were examined. The results demonstrated improved consistency, shrinkage, surface hardness, and mechanical strength of modified composites. Metakaolin and hemp fiber effectively enhanced compressive and flexural deformability, but hemp fiber adversely affected flexural stiffness. Gelatinized sticky rice regulated calcium carbonate crystalline phases. By incorporating hydrophilic hemp fiber and pozzolanic metakaolin into composites, the pore structure was refined, the porosity was reduced, and a dense microstructure was formed. After freeze-thaw cycles, 1% fiber addition could facilitate desirable surface alteration, mass variation, RDEM, and strength and stiffness retention. In addition, 25% metakaolin substitution enhanced the resistance of pore structure against chlorine salt corrosion. These results indicate that the prepared fiber-reinforced hydraulic sticky rice-lime composites have excellent conservation properties.

The surrounding rock pressure of vertical shafts is one of the basic parameters of shaft lining design. Investigating its calculation methods and applicable scopes has great engineering significance. The paper classifies and compares the calculation methods, discusses the application scopes of various calculation methods, and proposes that the axisymmetric layered method is highly consistent with the field monitoring data for the calculation of surrounding rock pressure of vertical shafts in bedrock sections on the basis of practical engineering examples. On the basis of Terzaghi theory, the calculation formula of surrounding rock pressure of vertical shaft in inclined rock strata with single group joints is derived. The formula can reflect the influence of rock strata dip angle and joints.

The research in this paper relies on the Baochang shield construction section of Jinan Metro Line R2 and uses MIDAS GTS and MIDAS GEN to construct a three-dimensional calculation model to numerically simulate the process of shield tunneling through abrupt geology. The main research focuses on surface settlement and building deformation during excavation, as well as monitoring of building deformation and surface settlement after adopting settlement control measures. The research results are as follows: The maximum settlement of tunnel excavation from hard rock to soft rock and from soft rock to hard rock occurs at the longitudinal center of the tunnel, with values of 1.66 mm and 4.82 mm. The excavation direction has a significant impact on surface deformation. The tunnel is excavated from hard rock to soft rock and the maximum deformation values in the vertical and horizontal directions of the building are 2.04 mm and 1.92 mm. After adopting settlement control measures, surface settlement and deformation of buildings were monitored. The monitoring results showed that the deformation monitoring values of the surface and buildings, after adopting engineering measurements, were lower than the values of numerical simulation. This indicates that the engineering control measures adopted can effectively constrain surface settlement and the deformation of buildings.

This study investigated the influence of water injection timing on the compression deformation of loose rock blocks in the goaf. The study used a confined gradient loading compression test to examine the deformation of loose rock blocks under initial saturation and later immersion conditions. The results showed that under initial saturation, the deformation of each loading gradient and the whole loading stage was greater than that of the later immersion stage. Additionally, the deformation of different stages in the initial saturated state was relatively regular, while in the later immersion state, the deformation changed abruptly after immersion. To explain the deformation mechanism of loose rock blocks, the mesostructure of loose rock blocks was granulated and the contact mechanism of particles was studied. The study found that water weakens the effective contact stress and strength between the skeleton particles, leading to sliding deformation as the dominant deformation mode. The study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the deformation characteristics of loose rock blocks in the goaf under different water environments.

文中基于BIM技术,研究建筑碳排放计算方法,借助建筑模型导出的清单报表,为碳排放计算工作提供数据支持,并提出Revit软件与能耗分析软件GBS相结合的方法,测算运营阶段碳排放量,提高测算的便利性和可靠性,以期为建筑碳排放计算研究提供参考.

聊城大学的工程硕士实践教学以工程实践和创新能力培养为导向确立实践教学目标，构建与理论教学有机融合、分层次、多模块、相互衔接的实践教学内容，以师资队伍和实践基地为主要支撑建设实践教学保障体系，构建四位一体的实践教学评价体系，逐步使工程硕士做到学思结合、知行统一，不断提高工程硕士的创新能力和解决实际工程问题的能力。该校的系列做法对工程硕士培养质量的提升和全日制工程硕士实践教学改革具有重要的理论和实践意义。

2016年以来,我国大力提倡发展装配式建筑,装配式建筑由此进入快速发展阶段.然而,目前缺乏对该阶段装配式建筑研究进展的系统性分析.基于此,对2016—2021年CNKI数据库收录的406篇相关文献进行梳理和分析.研究结果表明,我国装配式建筑管理领域研究主要涉及发展环境、建筑结构体系、全生命周期管理和可持续研究4个维度;成本、质量、进度管理,新技术应用和建筑能耗分析成为主要研究方向.

现存古建筑的残损问题十分普遍,通过模型试验对古建筑残损进行研究分析已成为当今研究学者的主要研究思路.本文收集了针对古建筑木结构残损构件的主要模型试验,介绍在古建筑残损方面的研究进展,总结对试验结果产生影响的因素,并提出一些相关的看法和建议.其可为今后进行模型试验的研究人员提供参照,从而得出可靠的实验数据.

针对混凝土结构课程实践教学中存在的问题,基于成果导向的教育理念从社会及学生的职业需求出发,以工程实践和创新能力培养为导向确立实践教学目标,构建了与理论教学有机融合,分层次、多模块、相互衔接的混凝土结构课程实践教学体系.从课程实践教学内容的确定、实践教学的保障条件及评价指标三个层面阐述实践教学体系的构建与实施过程.

本研究在综合分析混凝土结构课程教学现状的基础上,遵照知识传授、能力培养和价值塑造"三位一体"的原则,以社会主义核心价值观为引领,重构课程的教学大纲,将课程思政元素融入教学内容,借助线上线下混合式教学模式重塑课堂教学,完善课程的实践教学环节,构建应用型人才课程体系,不断提高学生解决复杂工程问题的能力,培养学生的工匠精神和家国情怀,最终实现培养应用型高素质人才的既定目标,落实立德树人根本任务.

城市化建设过程中,建筑施工活动产生了大量建筑废料,严重危害生态环境,也带来了巨大的经济损失.让建筑材料得到再生循环利用,不但可以增加其利用价值,而且可以降低生产总成本,提高工业的整体效益.笔者以混凝土材料为例,阐明发展再生混凝土过程中存在的问题及建议,进一步探讨建筑材料的循环利用,在发展过程中需要解决的问题,并提出相应的措施.

近几年来,随着我国经济迅速发展,人民生活水平日益提高,建筑行业也迎来了蓬勃发展,与此同时建筑垃圾产量日益增多.大量的建筑垃圾随意堆放得不到及时处理,给人们的生活带来不便的同时,也污染了生态环境.因此近几年来建筑垃圾问题引起了社会的广泛关注.本文简单介绍了我国目前建筑垃圾处理现状,并与其他一些国家进行了比较总结,针对我国建筑垃圾处理问题提出了一些建议和改进措施.

Rock fracture propagation is a major hazard for mining and tunnel excavation in fractured rock masses or coal seams. A longwall mining panel with a typical dimension of 200m (width)×1000m (length)×3m (height) can be considered as an open edge crack. The fracturing processes in the vicinity of the edge crack (or the longwall panel) particularly in the roof and floor are critically important for the safety of mining operation because fracturing can lead to water inrush and dynamic loading on the working face. It’s therefore important to understand and predict the pre-existing edge crack initiation and propagation in rock masses. This paper describes a study investigating the mechanisms and pathways of rock fracture under uniaxial compression. In this study, a rock-like material which consists of model gypsum, water and diatomaceous earth at a mass ratio of 165:75:2 was used. The uniaxial compression strength of the material decreased with the increase of the length of pre-existing edge crack. During the tests, wing (tensile) cracks were first observed at the tip of the pre-existing edge crack. This was followed by secondary cracks as the loading increased. The final failure of the specimens however was dominated by tensile cracks throughout the specimens. Due to the sudden crack initiations in the specimens, the loading stress in the specimen varies stepwise, and acoustic emission (AE) energy and amplitude showed abrupt changes when crack initiated. When the crack initiation occurred, the loading stress of the specimens showed a notable retreat in the stress-strain curve, and the recorded AE energy and amplitude showed a sharp spike. These findings from this experimental study have been applied to the underground longwall mining to explain the failure mechanisms in the floor of the mining panel. The fracturing process associated with the pre-existing edge crack resembles the formation of flow channels for water inrush during longwall mining.

Surrounding rock pressure, water pressure, and joint roughness are the important factors that affect the fractured rock mass seepage. It is of great significance to quantify the influence of these factors through experiments. In this study, rock fracture joint surfaces were measured. Next, 3D coordinates of joint surfaces were extracted with using the Geomagic software, and joint roughness was described using the mean variance of protrusion height and equidistant fluctuation angle, which were acquired through calculation. Stress-seepage coupling test was then conducted on the samples on a triaxial apparatus, and the effects of confining stress and water pressure on the permeability of single-fracture rock were investigated. On the basis of the relationship between the parameters in data fitting expression and the mean variance of protrusion height and equidistant fluctuation angle, the calculation formula of the permeability coefficient including joint roughness, confining pressure, and seepage pressure difference was derived.

This paper takes Guangyue Tower as the research object and uses ANSYS software to establish three finite element models of its upper timber structure, timber structure and high platform foundation and wooden structure, high platform foundation and soil mass. Through modal analysis, it is concluded that when the soil-structure interaction is considered, the natural frequency of the structure is reduced, and its influence on the high-order natural frequency of the structure is greater than the influence on the low-order natural frequency. Select El-Centro wave, Taft wave and artificial wave to analyze the dynamic performance. The results show that only considering the wood structure or wood structure and the high platform will make the calculated displacement smaller, so the influence of the existence of the foundation soil on the superstructure should be considered.

This paper takes the wooden structure of Guangyue Tower as an example, selects ANSYS finite element software, establishes the upper wooden structure and the finite element model considering the whole structure of the high platform respectively, uses the incremental dynamic analysis method, and uses different ground motion intensity parameters to carry on the dynamic time history analysis to it. The results show that the existence of the high platform magnifies the displacement response of the wooden structure, which is not conducive to the seismic resistance of the wooden structure; IDA curve expressed by ground motion intensity parameter PGA can better reflect the overall change of the structure, which is helpful to improve the effectiveness of seismic performance evaluation of Guangyue Tower.

随着我国轨道交通的快速发展,城轨交通在给人们带来便利的同时也带来耗能巨大的问题.本研究旨在对目前非牵引能效的研究状况以及策略进行全面的总结.数据显示目前我国轨交非牵引能耗占比高达总能耗的50％以上,节能潜力巨大.本文利用文献研究的方法对目前适用的非牵引能效提升策略、技术进行了全面评估和分类,提出了降低城轨交通非牵引总体能耗策略的筛选方法和技术路线.结果表明,通过实施低成本的综合能源优化策略,在不降低运营效率及舒适度的前提下,可在现有能耗基础上实现10％～25％的非牵引能耗节能空间挖掘.因此,采取低成本的优化策略,可以有效的实现深绿出行.