Taking the'Kyoho'grape grown under facility cultivation as the test material,the effect of opening windows in greenhouses on the photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of grape plants was investigated.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving facility grape practices.The results showed that the opening windows from 9:00 to 15:00,using a self-made pull rod,had the most significant effect when the temperature exceeded 35 ℃,resulting in a remarkable 6.1 ℃ reduc-tion in shed temperature.The ventilation of the greenhouse improved significantly,and the wind speed inside the shed noticeably.increased.The total chlorophyll content of the leaves of the fenestrated plants did not differ significantly from the control(CK)group(P＞0.05).However,the actual pho-tosynthetic efficiency Y(Ⅱ)of PSⅡ in the fenestrated treatment was significantly higher than CK at 9:00 and 13:00,with a 12.4％increase at 13:00,attributed to the decreased shed temperature after window opening,relieving stress on the PS Ⅱ system.The leaf photochemical quenching coefficient qP of CK continued to increase until 13:00 and then decreased,while the windowing treatment was sig-nificantly higher than that of CK at 9:00,and the photosynthetic activity was better.In terms of fruit quality indicators,the single-grain quality of the window treatment resulted in a significant 9.9％in-crease in single-grain quality compared to CK.The titratable acid content was significantly reduced,the sugar-acid ratio significantly increased,and the fruit flavor was better after the window opening.Window treatment demonstrated the highest disease grade 5,followed by grade 4.The number of leaves exposed to slight sunburn was lower,and the number of diseases at grade 1 was significantly lower than that of CK,indicating improved disease resistance in the window-treated plants.Opening windows effectively improve the microclimate in the facility environment and proved beneficial during the critical period of fruit development by promoting leaf photosynthesis,improving fruit quality and reducing sunburn.In production,window opening provides an effective cooling solution for multi-span greenhouses,particularly during summer.This study offers valuable guidance for simple multi-span greenhouse cultivation.

氨基酸通透酶(amino acid permease,AAP)参与植物氨基酸的转运、吸收、氮代谢等途径.为了解橄榄果实AAP基因在不同品种果实成熟发育过程的表达模式,本研究以呈味差异显著的两个品种普通橄榄'长营'和清橄榄'梅埔2号'为试验材料,通过RT-PCR方法克隆了 3个APP基因的cDNA序列全长,并对其进行了生物学信息分析与亚细胞定位分析,同时利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析了两个不同品种果实在不同发育时期的CaAAPs表达情况.结果表明:3个基因的序列长度分别为1 254 bp(CaAAP1)、405 bp(CaAAP2)、633 bp(CaAAP4),其编码的蛋白均为不稳定疏水性蛋白,分别含有7、1、5个跨膜区,保守基序差异较大;亚细胞定位结果表明,Co4AP1、Ca4Ap2主要在细胞质膜上表达.荧光定量结果表明随着果实的发育,CaAAP1、CaAAp2和CaAAP4在'长营'果实的表达量均呈显著上升趋势,在'梅埔2号'的表达量变化趋势较平缓,且在170d时显著下降,两个品种CaAAPs家族基因表达量差异大,表明CaAAP1、CaAAP2、CaAAP4基因可能对橄榄果实游离氨基酸转运和吸收起着重要作用.该研究结果为进一步研究CaAAPs在橄榄果实氨基酸合成代谢中的功能提供理论依据.

The dramatic increase in obesity is putting people under increasing pressure. Lipase inhibitors, as a kind of effective anti-obesity drug, have attracted more and more researchers' attention in recent years because of their advantages of acting on the intestinal tract and having no side effects on the central nervous system. In this study, lipase inhibitor Fu Brick Theophylline (FBT) was screened based on enzyme molecular dynamics, and the inhibition mechanism of lipase inhibitors on obesity was analyzed and discussed at the cellular level and animal model level. We found that FBT had high inhibition effects of lipase with an IC50 of 1.02~0.03 μg/mL. Firstly, the laboratory used 3T3-L1 proadipocytes as models, flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of FBT on the cycle, apoptosis and intracellular ROS activity of proadipocytes. To study the contents of triglyceride, total cholesterol, related metabolites and related gene and protein expression in adipocytes. The results showed that FBT could reduce ROS production and inflammatory factor mRNA expression during cell differentiation. Secondly, by establishing the animal model of high-fat feed ob nutritional obese mice, the morphological observation and gene expression analysis of body weight, fat rate, adipocyte and hepatocyte metabolism of FBT obese mice were further discussed. It was proven that FBT can effectively reduce the degree of fatty liver, prevent liver fibrosis and fat accumulation, and improve the damage of mitochondrial membrane structure. This study provides a theoretical basis for the screening and clinical treatment of lipase inhibitors.

[目的]克隆刺葡萄VdMAPK7基因,并对其参与炭疽病胁迫响应的功能进行分析.[方法]结合前期转录组数据,以刺葡萄福安(Vitis davidii'Fu'an')为试材,通过实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real time PCR,qRT-PCR)分析VdMAPK7基因在炭疽菌侵染后不同时间点表达水平变化,通过聚类分析VdMAPK7蛋白与其他物种相关MAPK蛋白的系统发育关系.利用烟草叶片亚细胞定位技术分析VdMAPK7蛋白在细胞中的位置.在番茄中异源表达Vd-MAPK7基因后,番茄果实接种尖孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum acutatum),验证其对炭疽病胁迫的响应.[结果]刺葡萄Vd-MAPK7基因响应炭疽菌诱导后表达量逐渐升高,在接种第7天达到高峰.VdMAPK7蛋白与欧洲葡萄、番茄、马铃薯、茶树、珙桐、烟草聚为一大类;亚细胞定位发现,VdMAPK7蛋白定位在细胞质和细胞核中;VdMAPK7转基因番茄植株矮于野生型植株,果实变小.转基因番茄果实接种尖孢炭疽菌后,相较于野生型番茄,VdMAPK7基因过表达番茄果实发病较轻;qRT-PCR结果显示,VdMAPK7基因过表达番茄植株中响应水杨酸信号通路的基因SlPR1和SlPR2上调表达.[结论]VdMAPK7基因在番茄中过量表达均可增强对尖孢炭疽菌的抗性,推测VdMAPK7基因参与了葡萄对炭疽菌的胁迫响应.

为探索不同施肥处理,即化肥减量20％～60％并配施有机肥对橄榄产量和果实品质的影响,以"梅埔2号"橄榄为试材,设置对照(不施肥)、单施化肥(常规施肥)3.00 kg、单施有机肥30 kg、80％化肥+有机肥、60％化肥+有机肥、40％化肥+有机肥共6个处理,测定采收期优质果率,产量以及果实可溶性固形物、总多酚、可溶性总糖含量等品质指标.结果表明,与对照(不施肥)相比,各处理可溶性固形物含量、单果质量无显著性变化,但产量和优质果率均显著提高,总多酚含量均显著降低,除单施化肥处理的可溶性总糖显著降低以外,其他处理差异不显著.综合评价得分从高到低依次为80％化肥+有机肥＞单施有机肥＞施用60％化肥+有机肥＞施用40％化肥+有机肥＞单施化肥＞对照(不施肥).80％化肥+有机肥处理提高橄榄产量和果实品质最为显著,其优质果率达到92％,株产65.20 kg,是单施化肥处理的3.26倍,保持较高的总多酚含量,且综合效益最高.说明化肥减量配施有机肥可以提高橄榄产量,改善果实品质.

水肥资源不合理利用易造成作物生理病害、低质减产、土壤盐渍化、酸化、微生物区系失衡,阻碍农业可持续发展.本研究依托科技小院这一新模式,以水土资源高效利用为重点,开展科技攻关与技术创新,分析实施效果,探寻科技小院在服务农业绿色生产中的作用,以期为区域农业高质量发展提供理论和实践依据.

[目的]茉莉花JsMYB305是参与萜烯合成酶(Terpene synthetases,TPS)基因调控茉莉花香气的转录因子.本研究旨在进一步分析JsMYB305转录因子调控茉莉花香气物质代谢的可能机制.[方法]基于茉莉花瓣酵母文库,以白色花苞和完全开放时的茉莉花为材料构建双杂交文库,通过酵母双杂交的方式筛选JsMYB305的互作蛋白并进行鉴定和验证.[结果]JsMYB305全长具有显著的自激活性,分别扩增不同长度的片段进行自激活验证,当编码长度≤510 bp时,JsMYB305没有自激活性.进一步以pGBKT7-JsMYB305(510 bp)为诱饵,从酵母双杂交文库中筛选到1个互作蛋白,经鉴定为水杨酸甲酯转移酶(Salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase,SAMT)蛋白.酵母定向双杂验证表明JsMYB305与JsSAMT具有相互作用.[结论]SAMT属于苯丙烷/丙环生物合成途径,故JsMYB305转录因子也参与了茉莉花苯丙烷/丙环类香气物质合成过程.研究结果为进一步深入研究JsMYB305在茉莉花香气合成中的调控机理提供了参考.

Passion fruit is a very popular fruit, but at present, it is utilized by taking its juice while its peel is discarded and polluted the environment. Passion fruit peel contains rich pectin, which is edible and widely used in various foods. In this research, the edible film was prepared by compounding the peel pectin PFPP extracted in the previous study with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC）, polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）, glycerin, etc.,and through the single factor test and partial orthogonal test on the mass fraction of PFPP, CMC, PVA and glycerin, as well as the drying temperature and drying time, it was found that the best film preparation process conditions were that the mass fraction of PFPP was 0.20%, the mass fraction of CMC was 0.2%, the mass fraction of PVA was 1.0%, the mass fraction of glycerin was 0.30%, the drying temperature was 40 ℃, and the drying time was 4 h. The prepared edible film of PFPP was applied to strawberry preservation and storage, and the changes of physical and chemical indexes such as weight loss rate, decay rate, color, organic acid content, soluble solids content, Vc content of strawberry were measured. It was found that the edible film of PFPP had more excellent fresh-keeping performance in strawberry preservation as a whole, by comparing with other six groups of preservative treatment films. This could provide new technical support for extending the fresh-keeping period of strawberry.

借助于网络教学平台,分别从课程培养目标、教学内容、课程考核等环节探讨了《园艺植物栽培学总论》课程的SPOC混合式教学模式,为园艺专业其他在线课程的建设提供借鉴.

In order to further realize the waste utilization of PFP and reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution, PFP pectin was extracted by ultrasonic assisted acid method and its antioxidant activity was studied. By investigating the effects of pH, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic temperature on the extraction ratio of PFP pectin, response surface optimization was carried out on the basis of single factor test to get the best extraction process, and acid method was used as the control. The effects of ultrasonic-assisted acid method on scavenging DPPH free radical (DPPH·), hydroxyl free radical (·OH) and superoxide anion free radical (\begin{document}$ {\text{O}}_{2}^{-} $\end{document}·) of PFP pectin were studied. The results showed that: The optimal extraction parameters of PFP pectin by ultrasonic assisted acid method were pH2.0, ultrasonic time 70 min, ultrasonic power 210 W, ultrasonic temperature 45 ℃, and the yield of pectin was (14.78%±0.21%). The scavenging rates of DPPH·, ·OH and \begin{document}$ {\text{O}}_{2}^{-} $\end{document}· were (60.96%±1.03%), (80.16%±1.78%) and (59.13%±2.10%), which were higher than those of acid method.

Vegetative insecticidal proteins 3A (Vip3A) were important insecticidal proteins for control of lepidopteran pests. Previous study demonstrated that Vip3Aa and Vip3Ad showed significant difference in insecticidal activities against Spodoptera exigua , while the molecular mechanism remained ambiguous. Here we demonstrated that the difference in insecticidal activities between Vip3Aa and Vip3Ad might be caused by the difference in stability of Vip3Aa and Vip3Ad in S. exigua midgut protease. Vip3Aa was quite stable while Vip3Ad could be further degraded. Molecular dynamics simulation revealed that Vip3Aa was more stable than Vip3Ad, with smaller RMSD and RMSF value. Amino acid sequence alignment indicated that three were three extra prolines (P591, P605 and P779) located on Vip3Aa. We further identified that residue P591 played a crucial role on stability and insecticidal activity of Vip3Aa. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the stability was essential for the insecticidal activity of Vip3A toxins, which might provide new insight into the action mode of Vip3A toxins and contribute to the design Vip3A variants with improved stability and insecticidal activity.

Objective:To investigate the microRNA (miRNA) expression features in ectopic endometrial tissues of endometriosis (EMS) patients.Methods:From April 2018 to October 2019, ectopic endometrial tissues from EMS patients and eutopic endometrial tissues from control women who received treatment in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were used in subsequent experiments. Differentially expressed miRNAs were screened out in ectopic endometrial tissues by detecting miRNA sequence from Illumina. The potential roles of these differentially expressed miRNAs and their potential targeted genes in pathogenesis of EMS were analyzed by bioinformatics, and the differential expression levels of 6 miRNAs (miR-98-5p, miR-495-3p, let-7c-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p, miR-148b-3p) were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and subsequently used to build the miRNA-gene regulatory network, then we verified its potential target gene.Results:The microarray results showed that 69 miRNAs might be differentially expressed in ectopic endometrial tissues compared with those in eutopic endometrial tissues (fold change>1.5, P<0.05), including 22 up-regulated miRNAs and 47 down-regulated miRNAs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that the target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs mainly participated in the protein modification, regulation of development, cell metabolism and morphological structure. KEGG pathway analysis showed that these targeted genes were involved in protein function, autophagy, AGE-RAGE and MAPK signaling pathways. The expression levels of miR-98-5p, let-7c-5p, miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p were validated to be significantly altered in ectopic endometrial tissues. The miRNA-gene co-expression network revealed the correlation between the 4 miRNAs and their predicted target genes. qRT-PCR validated results showed that the expression of miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p were significantly negatively correlated with ZEB2, while miR-98-5p was negatively correlated with PGRMC1, miR-98-5p and let-7c-5p were positively correlated with ADIPOR2. Conclusion:MiR-98-5p, let-7c-5p, miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p were significantly differentially expressed in the ectopic endometrial tissues of EMS patients, which may be involved in the development of EMS.

基于茉莉花叶转录组(GenBank登录号为GHOY00000000)筛选了2个在花瓣中及夜间优势表达,且与其他物种中香气调控转录因子同源度高的MYB基因进行克隆并分析了它们在花朵开放中的表达模式.2个MYB基因编码序列长度分别为864 bp和588 bp,编码287 aa和195 aa个氨基酸残基.分别与拟南芥AtMYB108及AtMYB24亲缘关系相近,与油橄榄(Olea europaea var.sylvestris)MYB108-like protein和MYB305-like protein相似度最高,分别命名为JsMYB108和JsMYB305.JsMYB108和JsMYB305在夜间表达量显著高于白天,与4个茉莉花萜类合成酶基因JsTPS表达特征一致.为探究JsMYB108和JsMYB305是否参与萜类香气调控,将其构建至植物表达载体pK7FWG2.0(35 S启动子,GFP报告基因)中,利用茉莉花茎段愈伤组织遗传转化体系检测其对愈伤组织中4个JsTPS基因表达水平的影响.结果显示:转化了JsMYB108和JsMYB305的愈伤组织内能检测到GFP荧光和2个MYB基因转录本;JsMYB108可显著提高JsTPS2表达水平,JsMYB305可显著提高4个JsTPS基因的表达,暗示JsMYB108和JsMYB305可能不同程度地参与了萜类合成的调控.该研究结果为今后茉莉花香气调控的深入研究提供参考.

As a pore-forming toxin, activation, oligomerization and pore-formation were both required for the mode of action of Cry toxins. Previous results revealed that the helices α4–α5 of Domain I were involved in the oligomerization of Cry2Ab, however, the key residues for Cry2Ab aggregation remained ambiguous. In present studies, we built 20 Cry2Ab alanine mutants site-directed in the helices α4–α5 of Domain I and demonstrated that mutants N151A, T152A, F157A, L183A, L185A and I188A could reduce the assembly of the 250 kDa oligomers, suggesting that these mutation residues might be essential for Cry2Ab oligomerization. As expected, all of these variants showed lower insecticidal activity against P. xylostella . Furthermore, we found that the pore-forming activities of these mutants also decreased when compared to wild-type Cry2Ab. Taken together, our data identified key residues for Cry2Ab oligomerization and emphasized that oligomerization was closely related to the insecticidal activity and pore-forming activity of Cry2Ab.

The anti-inflammatory effects of shark compound peptides (SCP) from Chiloscyllium plagiosum were investigated. Results showed that SCP enhanced the viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Orally administered SCP exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mice by suppressing serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), as well as nitric oxide (NO). Moreover, SCP significantly inhibited the inflammatory rise of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine (CRE), while blocking the decline of cholinesterase (CHE), with an efficacy close to aspirin. This research showed that orally administered SCP from C. plagiosum notably downregulated uncontrolled inflammatory responses, and conferred substantial protection from endotoxin-induced acute hepatic damage and renal functional impairment. Therefore, oral supplementation of SCP can be used as a preventive approach to reduce the risk of inflammatory-related diseases.

探究橄榄种子休眠生理与层积对种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响效应,为橄榄及其他核果类果树种子休眠生理研究和种苗繁育提供参考。以未层积种子（层积0 d）为对照,对橄榄种子进行不同时间（每10 d一处理,共10个处理）的层积处理,研究橄榄种子在层积过程中营养物质、激素水平等生理生化变化,以及不同层积时间种子的萌发和幼苗生长情况。结果表明:层积处理缩短了橄榄种子发芽启动时间,对橄榄种子萌发均有促进作用。层积90 d和100 d的橄榄种子发芽率最高,均为82.22%,比CK种子（53.33%）高54.17%,发芽指数也显著高于其他处理时间,层积100 d的橄榄种子发芽指数是CK的8.5倍（P＜0.05）。层积能提高橄榄幼苗地上部生物量,以90、100 d处理的橄榄幼苗生长最好。橄榄种子的主要营养贮藏物质是粗脂肪（70.85%～81.67%）,在层积过程中呈先升后降的趋势。新鲜橄榄种子（CK）中ABA含量较高（16.64 ng/g）,而GA 3 未检测到。随层积时间延长,ABA与SA含量快速下降,GA 3 含量增加,IAA/ABA升高,利于种子休眠解除。层积处理橄榄种子有利于其营养物质达到萌发所需水平,加快内源激素变化,促进种子发芽和幼苗地上部生长,以层积90～100 d最佳。

为了解海南蒲桃[Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels.]花芽形态分化及相关生理生化变化特征,为海南蒲桃花果量调控和栽培管理提供依据.该研究采用冷冻切片技术和扫描观察法对海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程的结构特征进行观测,并采用蒽酮比色法、考马斯亮蓝G-250法和酶联免疫吸附检测法测定花芽相关生理指标.结果 表明:(1)海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程包括7个阶段:花序原基分化期、小花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期和雄蕊雌蕊形成期.(2)花芽形态分化过程中,花芽长度呈"快慢"趋势增加,宽度呈"快慢快"趋势增加.(3)花芽可溶性糖和淀粉含量变化趋势为先降后升,蛋白质含量却持续升高.(4)花芽形态分化过程中,花芽GA3含量极低,ABA、IAA和ZT含量升高,ABA/GA3、ZT/GA3比值增大,ABA/IAA比值减小.研究认为,在海南蒲桃花芽形态分化过程中,大量的碳水化合物和蛋白质积累,低水平的GA3,高水平的ZT、ABA、IAA及ABA/GA3、ZT/GA3比值,均有利于海南蒲桃完成花芽形态分化.

Skin pigmentation depends not only on melanosomes produced by melanocytes but also on the migration of melanosomes to adjacent keratinocytes and their distribution on the skin surface. The inhibitory effects of cardanol diene (CADI), a major phenolic compound extracted from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), on melanin transfer in B16F10-HaCAT co-culture cells and a crude extracted compound of cashew nut shell oil (CNCE) on melanin production in zebrafish were investigated. ?-arbutin was used as a positive control. CADI inhibited the expression levels of the melanin phagocytosis-associated protein PAR-2 and filopodia-associated protein NMDAR1, and the effect was better than that of ?-arbutin at the same concentration. To further study the inhibitory mechanism of CADI in melanin transfer, fluorescence microspheres were used to simulate melanin and co-culture with keratinocytes. The results indicated that CADI inhibited melanin transfer through suppressing keratinocyte phagocytosis, dendrite formation and filopodia three channels. We also found that CNCE inhibited melanin production in zebrafish and showed significant inhibitory effects on TYR, DCT and ?-MSH. Thus, the natural components extracted from CNSL effectively inhibited skin pigmentation, providing insight into the application of new anti-melanin drugs in cosmetics and medicine.

As a pore-forming toxin, oligomerization and pore-formation were both required for the mode of action of Cry toxins. Previous studies revealed that Domain I helices α4-α5 were involved in oligomerization of Cry2Ab, while the active residues in charge of Cry2Ab aggregation remained ambiguous. In present studies, we built 20 Cry2Ab alanine mutants site directed in helices α4-α5 and demonstrated that mutants N151A, T152A, F157A, L183A, L185A and I188A blocked the assembly of 250 kDa oligomers, suggesting that those residues were key residues for Cry2Ab oligomerization. As expected, those variants severely reduced the insecticidal activity against P. xylostella which was similar to our previous reports. Furthermore, we found that the pore-forming activities of non-oligomerization mutants sharply decreased compared to wild-type Cry2Ab. Taken together, our data comprehensively identified key residues for Cry2Ab for the first time and emphasized that oligomerization was closely related to insecticidal activity and pore-forming activity in Cry2Ab.

基于双瓣茉莉[Jasminum sambac(L.)Aiton]的花、叶转录组,筛选了一个在花朵中高表达且与香气释放规律对应的P450基因进行克隆和表达模式分析.利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术获得该基因的5'cDNA序列,与转录组中序列进行拼接并验证,显示该基因是一个含1545 bp的开放阅读框、编码514个氨基酸残基的蛋白.此P450蛋白具有特征性的亚铁血红素结合结构域和半胱氨酸残基,与油橄榄、小叶咖啡等其他植物CYP71A氨基酸序列同源性较高,将其命名为JsCYP71A.遗传进化分析显示,该蛋白与拟南芥P450家族中CYP82亚族CYP82G亲缘关系最近.CYP71A和CYP82G多个成员与萜类香气代谢相关,推测JsCYP71A蛋白有相似功能.JsCYP71A在茉莉花白花苞里的表达量最高,在茎中的表达量较低,在叶片中几乎不表达,茉莉花开放过程中,JsCYP71A在夜间11点和1点表达量高,白天表达量低,与萜类香气物质释放呈正相关.JsCYP71A定位于细胞质中.为获得异源表达蛋白,构建真核表达载体,在酵母BY4742株系中表达JsCYP71A,经Western Blot检测发现株系能成功表达大小约60 kDa的蛋白,为后续JsCYP71A酶学功能分析奠定基础.本研究结果为分析JsCYP71A在茉莉花萜类香气合成代谢中的作用提供参考.